通风空调系统空气微生物传播与消毒控制方法
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摘要
建筑环境中通风空调系统为人们提供了健康舒适的室内环境,而微生物是无所不在的物种,以空气为处理对象的通风空调系统如设计、运行和管理不善,就有可能变成微生物滋生的场所,污染室内空气,影响人体健康。因此,以与人们的工作、生活息息相关的舒适性通风空调系统为研究对象,针对其中微生物的生态特性、生物颗粒的传播规律等问题进行基础性研究,在此基础上,研究舒适性空调环境对微生物的预防、控制及杀灭技术,这对保障建筑环境的生物安全,提高舒适性空调系统预防、控制重大生物灾害的能力具有重要的理论价值和社会意义。
舒适性空调系统中微生物污染特性的调查是进行微生物污染研究的基础。本文从空气微生物生态特性入手,结合舒适性空调系统中各个设备的特点,深入研究了空调系统中常见空气微生物生态特性及对空调系统和设备的污染特点。并对北方两栋大型公共建筑、舒适性空调系统进行了实际测试,调查其中微生物的种类、分布特性、与空气中颗粒物的关系和空调系统对微生物的控制效果。
真菌孢子是通风空调系统中最常见的空气微生物污染物,在空调系统中的微生物种类主要是真菌。真菌孢子在建筑环境通风空调系统中受气流作用的悬浮释放过程大多是在平行气流作用下。据此本文开发了平行气流真菌孢子释放强度测定装置(PAFST),提出了平行气流作用下真菌孢子释放强度测定方法。该方法采用孢子点接种和全部采样减少了孢子培养时间,缩短了研究周期。在三种材料表面,针对4种空气中常见真菌进行了测试。发现PAFST可有效测定真菌孢子在平行气流作用下的释放强度。同时发现在平行气流作用下,真菌孢子的释放强度随气流的增大呈幂函数形式增长,建立了真菌孢子释放强度统计模型。
空气及通风空调系统中的微生物大多附着在灰尘颗粒上,以生物颗粒的形式在管道表面积累。本文分析了处于送风气流粘性底层的多分散相生物颗粒的受力和悬浮机理,根据力或力矩平衡原理,建立了粘性底层多分散相生物颗粒的悬浮模型,计算了典型的空调系统管道和表冷器表面,多分相生物颗粒的悬浮比例,采用CFD模拟方法对管道中颗粒的悬浮进行了模拟分析,研究了其对送风气流颗粒浓度的影响。
对于空气微生物污染和传播的研究最终目的是为控制微生物污染,减少对人体的危害。本文采用两种广谱的消毒方法即远红外和微波消毒,开发了远红外空气消毒器和空气微波消毒装置,研究了远红外辐射在滤床表面的温升特性和消毒特性,及空气消毒器对室内微生物和颗粒物的净化效果。研究了微波的消毒机理,给出了微波消毒装置的微波辐射强度设计方法,微波防泄漏设计方法,分析了微波消毒的影响因素。并试验研究了该装置对4种细菌的消毒效果。上述工作为消毒装置在中央空调上的应用提供理论和试验依据。
In building environment, VAC system is to provide a healthy and comfortable indoor environment for people. Due to microbe is aviable on everywhere, however, if the design, operation and maintance of VAC system are not correct, there will be growth of microbe in VAC system. It would be to pollute the air and have adverse effect on human health. Therefore, aim to the VAC system, this dissertation investigates the the problems of microbial ecology, transmit of microbial particles which are the basic theory. Based on of that, the research of precaution, control and disinfection technology used in VAC system is conducted. It has important theotical value and social significance to protect microbial safe of building environment, promote the capability of VAC system to deal with microbial diseases.
The work of microbial contaminates in VAC system were profermed by many people and this is the basis of the microbial pollution research. This paper investigated the microbial ecological property of common air microbe and the pollution of VAC system by it. Two large public buildings with VAC system were measured and the species, distribution, relationship to particle and control efficiency were researched.
Fungi spore is the most microbial contaminates in VAC system. The fungi spore resuspention is mainly acted under the parallel airflow in VAC system. So the parallel airflow fungi spore source strength tester (PAFST) was developed and the meathod of developing that device was presented. The spore spot inoculation and full-sample meathod were used to shorten the researching period. Four speices of fungi release were measured on three material surfaces. It is founded that PAFST can test the fungi spore release strength effectively under the action of the parallel airflow and the results are less than the data under action of air jet. The spore release strength changes with airflow velocity as power function. The statistic model of fungi spore release was established.
In VAC system, microbes attach to the dust particle mostly and formed microbial particle is adhered to the surface of duct. The paper analysis the forces and resuspension mode of polydisperse microbial particle in laminar sublayer and the resuspension model of polydisperse microbial particle was established based on the force/moment balance. The fraction of poludisperse microbial particle on the surface of duct and cooling coil was calculated. The CFD technology was used to simulate the movement of particle on duct surface and analysis the effect on the supply air particle concentration.
The objective of research on the microbial contaminates and transmit is to control pollution and decrease the adverse effect on people. Two disfection meathods of far-infrared and microwave irradiation were used to develop the Air disinfector and air disinfecous device. The temperature-rise and disfection characteristic of far-infrared irradiating on the surface of HEPA filter were investigated and clean experiments of Air disinfector on the microbes and particles inside room were conducted. The microwave disfection mechanism was investigated and the power design, leakproof design of microwave device was put forward to and disfection effect factors were analysised. The kill ratio experiments of four bacteria were conducted.
舒适性空调系统中微生物污染特性的调查是进行微生物污染研究的基础。本文从空气微生物生态特性入手,结合舒适性空调系统中各个设备的特点,深入研究了空调系统中常见空气微生物生态特性及对空调系统和设备的污染特点。并对北方两栋大型公共建筑、舒适性空调系统进行了实际测试,调查其中微生物的种类、分布特性、与空气中颗粒物的关系和空调系统对微生物的控制效果。
真菌孢子是通风空调系统中最常见的空气微生物污染物,在空调系统中的微生物种类主要是真菌。真菌孢子在建筑环境通风空调系统中受气流作用的悬浮释放过程大多是在平行气流作用下。据此本文开发了平行气流真菌孢子释放强度测定装置(PAFST),提出了平行气流作用下真菌孢子释放强度测定方法。该方法采用孢子点接种和全部采样减少了孢子培养时间,缩短了研究周期。在三种材料表面,针对4种空气中常见真菌进行了测试。发现PAFST可有效测定真菌孢子在平行气流作用下的释放强度。同时发现在平行气流作用下,真菌孢子的释放强度随气流的增大呈幂函数形式增长,建立了真菌孢子释放强度统计模型。
空气及通风空调系统中的微生物大多附着在灰尘颗粒上,以生物颗粒的形式在管道表面积累。本文分析了处于送风气流粘性底层的多分散相生物颗粒的受力和悬浮机理,根据力或力矩平衡原理,建立了粘性底层多分散相生物颗粒的悬浮模型,计算了典型的空调系统管道和表冷器表面,多分相生物颗粒的悬浮比例,采用CFD模拟方法对管道中颗粒的悬浮进行了模拟分析,研究了其对送风气流颗粒浓度的影响。
对于空气微生物污染和传播的研究最终目的是为控制微生物污染,减少对人体的危害。本文采用两种广谱的消毒方法即远红外和微波消毒,开发了远红外空气消毒器和空气微波消毒装置,研究了远红外辐射在滤床表面的温升特性和消毒特性,及空气消毒器对室内微生物和颗粒物的净化效果。研究了微波的消毒机理,给出了微波消毒装置的微波辐射强度设计方法,微波防泄漏设计方法,分析了微波消毒的影响因素。并试验研究了该装置对4种细菌的消毒效果。上述工作为消毒装置在中央空调上的应用提供理论和试验依据。
In building environment, VAC system is to provide a healthy and comfortable indoor environment for people. Due to microbe is aviable on everywhere, however, if the design, operation and maintance of VAC system are not correct, there will be growth of microbe in VAC system. It would be to pollute the air and have adverse effect on human health. Therefore, aim to the VAC system, this dissertation investigates the the problems of microbial ecology, transmit of microbial particles which are the basic theory. Based on of that, the research of precaution, control and disinfection technology used in VAC system is conducted. It has important theotical value and social significance to protect microbial safe of building environment, promote the capability of VAC system to deal with microbial diseases.
The work of microbial contaminates in VAC system were profermed by many people and this is the basis of the microbial pollution research. This paper investigated the microbial ecological property of common air microbe and the pollution of VAC system by it. Two large public buildings with VAC system were measured and the species, distribution, relationship to particle and control efficiency were researched.
Fungi spore is the most microbial contaminates in VAC system. The fungi spore resuspention is mainly acted under the parallel airflow in VAC system. So the parallel airflow fungi spore source strength tester (PAFST) was developed and the meathod of developing that device was presented. The spore spot inoculation and full-sample meathod were used to shorten the researching period. Four speices of fungi release were measured on three material surfaces. It is founded that PAFST can test the fungi spore release strength effectively under the action of the parallel airflow and the results are less than the data under action of air jet. The spore release strength changes with airflow velocity as power function. The statistic model of fungi spore release was established.
In VAC system, microbes attach to the dust particle mostly and formed microbial particle is adhered to the surface of duct. The paper analysis the forces and resuspension mode of polydisperse microbial particle in laminar sublayer and the resuspension model of polydisperse microbial particle was established based on the force/moment balance. The fraction of poludisperse microbial particle on the surface of duct and cooling coil was calculated. The CFD technology was used to simulate the movement of particle on duct surface and analysis the effect on the supply air particle concentration.
The objective of research on the microbial contaminates and transmit is to control pollution and decrease the adverse effect on people. Two disfection meathods of far-infrared and microwave irradiation were used to develop the Air disinfector and air disinfecous device. The temperature-rise and disfection characteristic of far-infrared irradiating on the surface of HEPA filter were investigated and clean experiments of Air disinfector on the microbes and particles inside room were conducted. The microwave disfection mechanism was investigated and the power design, leakproof design of microwave device was put forward to and disfection effect factors were analysised. The kill ratio experiments of four bacteria were conducted.
引文
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