基于UG及ADAMS的新型机械无级变速器的建模及仿真分析
|
摘要
无级变速传动是一种传动装置，指在某种控制作用下，使系统在输入转速不变的情况下，能实现输出轴的转速在一定范围内连续变化，以适应外界负荷变化的需要。随着工业尤其是汽车行业技术的不断发展，对无级变速装置的要求越来越高，因此我们对无级变速传动的种类和形式需要进行深入研究。但以往传统的机械式无级变速器主要依靠摩擦传动来实现无级变速，由于摩擦传动有其固有的难以克服的缺陷，很难实现大功率传动，鉴于此，寻求一种摩擦小，效率高的无级变速器已成为无级变速传动研究的主要方向。
本文简要介绍了现有无级变速器的种类及其发展过程，分析了国内外无级变速器的研究动态及发展趋势，尤其强调了齿轮式无级变速传动的优势。通过对RX行星环锥式无级变速器的传动及调速原理进行分析，同时借鉴了齿轮无级变速传动的优点，提出了一种新型的机械式无级变速器——锥齿轮无级变速器。
本文在详细分析了新型机械无级变速器的传动原理的基础上，阐明了齿轮无级变速传动的可行性。设计了建模方案，用具有强大实体建模功能的UG软件对其进行几何建模、装配、并形成虚拟样机，同时验证了设计方案的合理性，修改了部分不合理的参数，样机模型性能得到优化。然后将模型导入ADAMS中，并对其进行结构分析、运动学仿真分析和动力学仿真分析。通过分析调速过程中输出参数的变化情况，得到小齿轮为主动轮时的传动比范围为0.088-0.354；大齿轮为主动轮时的传动比范围为2.770-14.000。结果显示了齿轮无级变速器调速范围大的特性，进一步验证了齿轮无级变速传动的可行性。本文的分析仿真结果为实际样机的开发研制提供理论基础和试验数据。
本文最后对自己所做工作进行总结，探讨了设计方案中可能存在的问题，并对下一步的工作进行了展望。
Continuously variable transmission (Abbr. CVT), a type of transmitting equipment, is designed to achieve continuous output speed in defined ranges in the condition of unvarying input speed to adapt the need of the changing load outside. With the rapid development of industry, especially vehicle industry, increasing requirements are demanded for CVT. Accordingly, the varieties and styles of CVT need to be studied further. Traditionally, continuously variable transmission was achieved mechanically on the dependence of friction. Given the disadvantages of the frictional transmission, traditional transmission was impossible to support high-power transmission. Thus, to explore a type of transmission with non-friction and high-efficiency will be the major direction in the CVT studies.
In this study, the development history and types of CVT were described. The related advances and prospects (design tendency) of CVT were also reviewed, and the advantages of gear-driven CVT were emphasized especially. The theories of transmission and speed modulation of the RX planetary cone-shaped CVT were analyzed and a novel mechanical CVT, cone-gear CVT, was designed on the advantages of gear-driven CTV.
The transmitting theory of the novel mechanical CVT was analyzed in details and the feasibility of the gear-driven CVT was demonstrated in this study. A modeling strategy was designed and the powerful entity modeling software UG was employed to produce the geometric modeling, to assemble the parts and eventually to generate the devised sample machine. Rationality of the modeling strategy was tested and some parameters were optimized to improve the performance of the sample model. The optimized sample model was imported into software ADAMS to analyze the model structure and perform simulation analysis of the model kinematics and kinetics. The transmitting ratio between driving-wheel and following-wheel were investigated when altering the location of the modulation ring. The ratio ranges were defined at 0.088-0.354 and 2.770-14.000 when the pinion (the smaller wheel) acted as the driving-wheel and following-wheel, respectively. The results showed that gear-driven CVT has the wide features in modulating speed and further verify the model feasibility. The results presented in this study may provide theory basis and experimental data for the design and development of actual sample model in the future.
At the end of this paper, the studies were summarized and the potential problems in the design strategy were discussed and the following work was also described or prospected.
本文简要介绍了现有无级变速器的种类及其发展过程，分析了国内外无级变速器的研究动态及发展趋势，尤其强调了齿轮式无级变速传动的优势。通过对RX行星环锥式无级变速器的传动及调速原理进行分析，同时借鉴了齿轮无级变速传动的优点，提出了一种新型的机械式无级变速器——锥齿轮无级变速器。
本文在详细分析了新型机械无级变速器的传动原理的基础上，阐明了齿轮无级变速传动的可行性。设计了建模方案，用具有强大实体建模功能的UG软件对其进行几何建模、装配、并形成虚拟样机，同时验证了设计方案的合理性，修改了部分不合理的参数，样机模型性能得到优化。然后将模型导入ADAMS中，并对其进行结构分析、运动学仿真分析和动力学仿真分析。通过分析调速过程中输出参数的变化情况，得到小齿轮为主动轮时的传动比范围为0.088-0.354；大齿轮为主动轮时的传动比范围为2.770-14.000。结果显示了齿轮无级变速器调速范围大的特性，进一步验证了齿轮无级变速传动的可行性。本文的分析仿真结果为实际样机的开发研制提供理论基础和试验数据。
本文最后对自己所做工作进行总结，探讨了设计方案中可能存在的问题，并对下一步的工作进行了展望。
Continuously variable transmission (Abbr. CVT), a type of transmitting equipment, is designed to achieve continuous output speed in defined ranges in the condition of unvarying input speed to adapt the need of the changing load outside. With the rapid development of industry, especially vehicle industry, increasing requirements are demanded for CVT. Accordingly, the varieties and styles of CVT need to be studied further. Traditionally, continuously variable transmission was achieved mechanically on the dependence of friction. Given the disadvantages of the frictional transmission, traditional transmission was impossible to support high-power transmission. Thus, to explore a type of transmission with non-friction and high-efficiency will be the major direction in the CVT studies.
In this study, the development history and types of CVT were described. The related advances and prospects (design tendency) of CVT were also reviewed, and the advantages of gear-driven CVT were emphasized especially. The theories of transmission and speed modulation of the RX planetary cone-shaped CVT were analyzed and a novel mechanical CVT, cone-gear CVT, was designed on the advantages of gear-driven CTV.
The transmitting theory of the novel mechanical CVT was analyzed in details and the feasibility of the gear-driven CVT was demonstrated in this study. A modeling strategy was designed and the powerful entity modeling software UG was employed to produce the geometric modeling, to assemble the parts and eventually to generate the devised sample machine. Rationality of the modeling strategy was tested and some parameters were optimized to improve the performance of the sample model. The optimized sample model was imported into software ADAMS to analyze the model structure and perform simulation analysis of the model kinematics and kinetics. The transmitting ratio between driving-wheel and following-wheel were investigated when altering the location of the modulation ring. The ratio ranges were defined at 0.088-0.354 and 2.770-14.000 when the pinion (the smaller wheel) acted as the driving-wheel and following-wheel, respectively. The results showed that gear-driven CVT has the wide features in modulating speed and further verify the model feasibility. The results presented in this study may provide theory basis and experimental data for the design and development of actual sample model in the future.
At the end of this paper, the studies were summarized and the potential problems in the design strategy were discussed and the following work was also described or prospected.
引文
[1] 周有强，机械无级变速器，北京，机械工业出版社，2001年
[2] 郭江霞，任家骏，吴凤林等，齿轮式无级变速传动的发展前景，太原，机械管理开发杂志社，2007年
[3] 阮忠唐，机械无级变速器设计与选用指南，北京，化学工业出版社，1999年
[4] 柳晋伟，环锥行星式(RX)无级变速传动的研究及仿真，太原，太原理工大学，2005．5
[5] 丽舍，发展中的无级变速器，汽车与配件，2004年01期
[6] 阮忠唐，机械无级变速器，北京：机械工业出版社，1983年
[7] 周有强，崔学良，董志峰，机械无级变速器发展概述，机械传动，2005年第1期，P65～68
[8] 韩凤起等，UG NX 3.0中文版 机械设计范例解析，机械工业出版社，2006．1
[9] 崔凤奎，UG机械设计，机械工业出版社，2004．1
[10] 赵波等，UG CAD实用教程(NX2版)，清华大学出版社，2004．12
[11] 左昉等，Unigraphics NX4.0，机械工业出版社，2006．3
[12] 陈立平等，机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程，清华大学出版社，2005．1
[13] 郑建荣编著，ADAMS——虚拟样机技术入门与提高．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．11
[14] 李军，邢俊文，覃文洁等 编著，ADAMS实例教程．北京理工大学出版社，2002．7
[15] 焦映厚，夏松波，徐晓俊，陈照波，RX-AT型环锥行星无级变速器机械效率的研究，哈尔滨工业大学学报，1998，(12)：57～60
[16] 邱宣怀，机械设计(第四版)，北京，高等教育出版社，1997年
[17] 单鹏，王宏祥，王纪周，RX型无级变速器的受力分析，机械设计与制造，1998．8
[18] 孙桓，陈作模，机械原理，高等教育出版社，1996
[19] 冯樱，CVT——无级变速器的发展综述，湖北汽车工业学院学报，1999年04期，P12～15
[20] 毛虎平，功率分流无级变速器的研究，太原，太原理工大学，2004．5
[21] 张国瑞，张展，行星传动技术，上海交通大学出版社出版，1989．
[22] 张春林，机械创新设计，北京，机械工业出版社，1999年
[23] 周有强，崔学良，董志锋，机械无级变速器的发展概述，机械传动，第29卷，第1期
[24] 杨基厚，机械运动学与动力学，北京，机械工业出版社，1987
[25] 冯云华，非摩擦式连续作用无级变速器的结构创新及设计，重庆大学学报，2003年第9期，P81～86
[26] 郑甲红，梁志国等，NW型行星传动演化的行星齿轮无级变速器，机械传动，1995年01期，P291～298
[27] 饶振纲，行星齿轮传动设计，北京，化学工业出版社，2003．9
[28] 单鹏，曲锋，XZW行星摩擦轮无级变速器传动效率的分析，锦州工学院学报，1991年02期，P49～54
[29] 周杰，周少华，RX型无级变速器的优化设计，武汉交通科技大学报．1996．8
[30] 张明成，金国光，行星锥式无级变速器的自由度及运动分析，郑州工学院学报，1992，13(4)
[31] 梁达鑫，啮合式行星无级变速传动的研究及优化设计，太原，太原理工大学，2006．5
[32] 马秋成，肖良红，聂松辉，罗益宁，UG建模方法探讨，机械设计与研究，2002．1：40～41
[33] 李增刚，ADAMS入门详解与实例，国防工业出版社，2006．4
[34] United States Patent, Continuously Variable Transmission, Patent Number 4909101, Mar20, 1990
[35] Ang, K.K.; Quek, C.; Wahab, A., MCMAC-CVT: a novel on-line associative memory based CVT transmission control system, Neural Networks, Volume: 15, Issue: 2, March, 2002, pp. 219-236
[36] Cantu-Paz, Erick; Goldberg, David E, Efficient parallel genetic algorithms: theory and practice, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Volume: 186, Issue: 2-4, June 9,2000, pp. 221-238
[37] Mantriota, Giacomo, Performances of a parallel infinitely variable transmissions with a type Ⅱ power flow, Mechanism and Machine Theory, Volume: 37, Issue: 6, June, 2002, pp. 555-578
[38] Mucino, Victor H. (West Virginia Univ); Smith, James E.; Sharma, Pradeep K.; Cowan, Ben; Kmicikiewicz, Marek. Double planetary gear train-CVT transmission with multiple applications, Futuristic Concepts in Engines and Components, 1995, p 91-100
[39] Naude, Johannes Jacobus, Radical innovative CVT technology - A transmission replacement example, Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Division - 2003 Volume 1, 2003, p 229-235
[40] Hsieh, Long-Chang (Natl Cheng Kung Univ); Yan, Hong-Sen, On the mechanical efficiency of continuously variable transmissions with planetary gear trains, International Journal of Vehicle Design, v 11, n 2, 1990, p 176-187
[41] Hebbale, Kumar, Carpenter, Marv, Control of the Geared Neutral Point in a Traction Drive CVT, Proceedings of the American Control Conference, v 3, 2003, p 2572-2577
[42] Borner, Martin, The cone ring CVT, AutoTechnology, v 4, n APR., April, 2004, p 66-69
[43] Christensen, Myles T. Magleby, Spencer P.; Howell, Larry L.; Todd, Robert H.; Mortensen, Clint, A New Self-Adjusting CVT Configuration Using Compliant Mechanisms, Adaptive Structures and Materials Systems — 2002,2002, p 217-233
[44] Toyoda, Nozomi, Tanaka, Hirohisa; Imanishi, Takashi; Machida, Hisashi, Development of a 6 power-roller half-toroidal CVT - Mechanism and efficiency, Review of Automotive Engineering, v 26, n 1, January, 2005, p 027-032
[45] Power-Matic Corporation, Variable Speed Transmission, US, Patent, No.s, 3803931
[46] U. Handra-Luca, the Study of Adjustable Oscillating Mechanism, J, Trans ASME (B), 1973
[2] 郭江霞，任家骏，吴凤林等，齿轮式无级变速传动的发展前景，太原，机械管理开发杂志社，2007年
[3] 阮忠唐，机械无级变速器设计与选用指南，北京，化学工业出版社，1999年
[4] 柳晋伟，环锥行星式(RX)无级变速传动的研究及仿真，太原，太原理工大学，2005．5
[5] 丽舍，发展中的无级变速器，汽车与配件，2004年01期
[6] 阮忠唐，机械无级变速器，北京：机械工业出版社，1983年
[7] 周有强，崔学良，董志峰，机械无级变速器发展概述，机械传动，2005年第1期，P65～68
[8] 韩凤起等，UG NX 3.0中文版 机械设计范例解析，机械工业出版社，2006．1
[9] 崔凤奎，UG机械设计，机械工业出版社，2004．1
[10] 赵波等，UG CAD实用教程(NX2版)，清华大学出版社，2004．12
[11] 左昉等，Unigraphics NX4.0，机械工业出版社，2006．3
[12] 陈立平等，机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程，清华大学出版社，2005．1
[13] 郑建荣编著，ADAMS——虚拟样机技术入门与提高．北京：机械工业出版社，2001．11
[14] 李军，邢俊文，覃文洁等 编著，ADAMS实例教程．北京理工大学出版社，2002．7
[15] 焦映厚，夏松波，徐晓俊，陈照波，RX-AT型环锥行星无级变速器机械效率的研究，哈尔滨工业大学学报，1998，(12)：57～60
[16] 邱宣怀，机械设计(第四版)，北京，高等教育出版社，1997年
[17] 单鹏，王宏祥，王纪周，RX型无级变速器的受力分析，机械设计与制造，1998．8
[18] 孙桓，陈作模，机械原理，高等教育出版社，1996
[19] 冯樱，CVT——无级变速器的发展综述，湖北汽车工业学院学报，1999年04期，P12～15
[20] 毛虎平，功率分流无级变速器的研究，太原，太原理工大学，2004．5
[21] 张国瑞，张展，行星传动技术，上海交通大学出版社出版，1989．
[22] 张春林，机械创新设计，北京，机械工业出版社，1999年
[23] 周有强，崔学良，董志锋，机械无级变速器的发展概述，机械传动，第29卷，第1期
[24] 杨基厚，机械运动学与动力学，北京，机械工业出版社，1987
[25] 冯云华，非摩擦式连续作用无级变速器的结构创新及设计，重庆大学学报，2003年第9期，P81～86
[26] 郑甲红，梁志国等，NW型行星传动演化的行星齿轮无级变速器，机械传动，1995年01期，P291～298
[27] 饶振纲，行星齿轮传动设计，北京，化学工业出版社，2003．9
[28] 单鹏，曲锋，XZW行星摩擦轮无级变速器传动效率的分析，锦州工学院学报，1991年02期，P49～54
[29] 周杰，周少华，RX型无级变速器的优化设计，武汉交通科技大学报．1996．8
[30] 张明成，金国光，行星锥式无级变速器的自由度及运动分析，郑州工学院学报，1992，13(4)
[31] 梁达鑫，啮合式行星无级变速传动的研究及优化设计，太原，太原理工大学，2006．5
[32] 马秋成，肖良红，聂松辉，罗益宁，UG建模方法探讨，机械设计与研究，2002．1：40～41
[33] 李增刚，ADAMS入门详解与实例，国防工业出版社，2006．4
[34] United States Patent, Continuously Variable Transmission, Patent Number 4909101, Mar20, 1990
[35] Ang, K.K.; Quek, C.; Wahab, A., MCMAC-CVT: a novel on-line associative memory based CVT transmission control system, Neural Networks, Volume: 15, Issue: 2, March, 2002, pp. 219-236
[36] Cantu-Paz, Erick; Goldberg, David E, Efficient parallel genetic algorithms: theory and practice, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, Volume: 186, Issue: 2-4, June 9,2000, pp. 221-238
[37] Mantriota, Giacomo, Performances of a parallel infinitely variable transmissions with a type Ⅱ power flow, Mechanism and Machine Theory, Volume: 37, Issue: 6, June, 2002, pp. 555-578
[38] Mucino, Victor H. (West Virginia Univ); Smith, James E.; Sharma, Pradeep K.; Cowan, Ben; Kmicikiewicz, Marek. Double planetary gear train-CVT transmission with multiple applications, Futuristic Concepts in Engines and Components, 1995, p 91-100
[39] Naude, Johannes Jacobus, Radical innovative CVT technology - A transmission replacement example, Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Division - 2003 Volume 1, 2003, p 229-235
[40] Hsieh, Long-Chang (Natl Cheng Kung Univ); Yan, Hong-Sen, On the mechanical efficiency of continuously variable transmissions with planetary gear trains, International Journal of Vehicle Design, v 11, n 2, 1990, p 176-187
[41] Hebbale, Kumar, Carpenter, Marv, Control of the Geared Neutral Point in a Traction Drive CVT, Proceedings of the American Control Conference, v 3, 2003, p 2572-2577
[42] Borner, Martin, The cone ring CVT, AutoTechnology, v 4, n APR., April, 2004, p 66-69
[43] Christensen, Myles T. Magleby, Spencer P.; Howell, Larry L.; Todd, Robert H.; Mortensen, Clint, A New Self-Adjusting CVT Configuration Using Compliant Mechanisms, Adaptive Structures and Materials Systems — 2002,2002, p 217-233
[44] Toyoda, Nozomi, Tanaka, Hirohisa; Imanishi, Takashi; Machida, Hisashi, Development of a 6 power-roller half-toroidal CVT - Mechanism and efficiency, Review of Automotive Engineering, v 26, n 1, January, 2005, p 027-032
[45] Power-Matic Corporation, Variable Speed Transmission, US, Patent, No.s, 3803931
[46] U. Handra-Luca, the Study of Adjustable Oscillating Mechanism, J, Trans ASME (B), 1973