C2H2型锌指蛋白基因ZFP5、ZFP6和GIS3通过植物激素调控表皮细胞形成和发育分子机制研究
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摘要
拟南芥表皮毛和根毛发育是研究植物表皮细胞发育的模式系统,近年来关于拟南芥表皮毛和根毛发育分子遗传机理的研究已取得很大进展,已克隆到许多调控表皮毛和根毛发育过程的关键功能基因。本实验室以前的研究结果表明GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS (GIS)基因家族GIS. GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS2(GIS2)和ZINC FINGER PROTEIN8(ZFPS)通过整合赤霉素和细胞分裂素信号控制拟南芥表皮细胞形成和发育。本研究克隆和分析了3个与GIS基因具有高度同源性的锌指蛋白基因ZINC FINGER PROTEIN5(ZFPS)、ZINC FINGER PROTEIN6(ZFP6)和GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS3(GIS3),利用遗传学和分子生物学技术对它们调控植物表皮细胞发育的分子机制进行分析。取得主要研究结果如下：
1.过量表达ZFP5基因显著促进拟南芥表皮毛形成。功能缺失突变体zfp5与野生型相比在花、茎生叶、分枝和主茎花序上形成表皮毛数量显著减少；而且形成根毛数量比野生型显著减少,根毛长度比野生型显著减短。更重要的是,我们发现ZFP5通过赤霉素调控表皮毛形成,通过细胞分裂素调控根毛的生长发育。zfp5突变体根毛短的表型对外施植物激素细胞分裂素,以及营养成分钾和磷饥饿有响应。分子生物学分析显示,ZFP5作用于GIS、GIS2、ZFP8和表皮毛形成重要调控复合体GL1、GL3的上游调控表皮毛发育。利用化学诱导系统和染色体免疫共沉淀CHIP技术,进一步证实ZFP5通过直接作用于ZFP8和CPC分别调控表皮毛和根毛细胞的生长发育。
2.过量表达ZFP6促进拟南芥花和主茎上表皮毛生长,功能缺失突变体zfp6与野生型相比在花和主茎分枝上形成表皮毛数量显著减少,根毛数量显著减少。分子生物学结果显示,ZFP6作用于表皮毛正向调节因子ZFP5、GIS、GIS2、GL1和GL3的上游,通过赤霉素和细胞分裂素调控表皮毛细胞形成,同时也通过细胞分裂素调控根毛细胞的生长发育。
3.过量表达GIS3促进拟南芥花和其它组织上产生许多表皮毛,功能缺失突变体gis3与野生型相比在花和分枝上形成表皮毛数量减少。进一步分子生物学分析显示,GIS3作用于表皮毛正向调节因子ZFP5、GIS、GIS2、GL1和GL3的上游,通过赤霉素GA和细胞分裂素调控表皮毛生长发育。
以上研究结果显示,拟南芥锌指蛋白基因ZFP5、ZFP6和GIS3是调控表皮毛和根毛细胞形成的关键功能基因。这个研究结果进一步证实和补充GIS家族基因通过整合植物激素信号控制表皮毛和根毛细胞形成的作用机制。这些结果为进一步了解和研究拟南芥根毛和表皮毛细胞形成的作用机制提供了坚实的理论基础。同时这个研究结果对于了解植物表皮毛和根毛细胞发育,根系养分吸收,以及与植物激素、环境的互作关系,具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值。
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) trichome and root hair development is an excellent model system for studying cell development, cell differentiation and cell cycle. Our previous studies have shown that GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS (GIS) family genes, GIS, GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS2(GIS2) and ZINC FINGER PROTEIN8(ZFP8), control shoot maturation and epidermal cell fate by integrating gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that three new C2H2zinc finger proteins, ZINC FINGER PROTEIN5(ZFP5), ZINC FINGER PROTEIN6(ZFP6), GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS3(GIS3) play important roles in controlling root hair and trichome cell development through cytokinin and GA signalings.
1. Overexpression of ZFP5resulted in significantly more trichomes on carpels and other inflorescence organs than wild-type plants. zfp5loss-of-function mutant and RNAi lines exhibited reduced numbers of trichomes on sepals, cauline leaves, paraclades and main inflorescence stems in comparison to wild-type plants. Moreover, loss of ZFP5function resulted in shorter and fewer root hairs. More importantly, ZFP5mediated the regulation of trichome initiation by gibberellins. ZFP5gene expression was regulated by different plant hormones and nutrients. The molecular analyses suggested that ZFP5functions upstream of GIS, GIS2, ZFP8, and the key trichome initiation regulators GLABROUS1(GL1) and GLABROUS3(GL3). We further demonstrated that ZFP8was the direct target of ZFP5in controlling trichome cell differentiation, and CPC was the direct target of ZFP5in controlling root hair cell differentiation by using a steroid-inducible activation of ZFP5and ChIP experiment.
2. Overexpression of ZFP6led to significantly more trichomes on carpels and other inflorescence organs than the control plants. zfp6loss-of-function mutants resulted in fewer trichomes on sepals and lateral branch in comparison to wild-type plants. Moreover, loss of ZFP6function resulted in shorter and less root hairs than their wild type control. ZFP6mediated the regulation of trichome initiation by gibberellins and regulated the development of root hair by cytokinins. The molecular analyses suggested that ZFP6functions upstream of ZFP5, GIS, GIS2, ZFP8, and the key trichome initiation regulators GLABROUS I (GLI) and GLABROUS3(GL3).
3. Overexpression of GIS3resulted in significantly more trichomes on carpels and other inflorescence organs than the control plants. gis3loss-of-function mutants showed a reduced number of trichomes on sepals, and paraclades in comparison to wild-type plants. It was found that GIS3also mediates the regulation of trichome initiation by gibberellins. The molecular analyses demonstrated that GIS3functioned upstream of ZFP6, ZFP5, GIS, GIS2. ZFP8, the key trichome initiation regulators GLABROUS1(GL1) and GLABROUS3(GL3).
In summary, ZFP5、ZFP6and GIS3are major genes controlling the development of trichomes and root hairs. This study further supports that GIS family genes control the initiation and development of trichomes and root hairs by integrating hormonal signaling.
1.过量表达ZFP5基因显著促进拟南芥表皮毛形成。功能缺失突变体zfp5与野生型相比在花、茎生叶、分枝和主茎花序上形成表皮毛数量显著减少；而且形成根毛数量比野生型显著减少,根毛长度比野生型显著减短。更重要的是,我们发现ZFP5通过赤霉素调控表皮毛形成,通过细胞分裂素调控根毛的生长发育。zfp5突变体根毛短的表型对外施植物激素细胞分裂素,以及营养成分钾和磷饥饿有响应。分子生物学分析显示,ZFP5作用于GIS、GIS2、ZFP8和表皮毛形成重要调控复合体GL1、GL3的上游调控表皮毛发育。利用化学诱导系统和染色体免疫共沉淀CHIP技术,进一步证实ZFP5通过直接作用于ZFP8和CPC分别调控表皮毛和根毛细胞的生长发育。
2.过量表达ZFP6促进拟南芥花和主茎上表皮毛生长,功能缺失突变体zfp6与野生型相比在花和主茎分枝上形成表皮毛数量显著减少,根毛数量显著减少。分子生物学结果显示,ZFP6作用于表皮毛正向调节因子ZFP5、GIS、GIS2、GL1和GL3的上游,通过赤霉素和细胞分裂素调控表皮毛细胞形成,同时也通过细胞分裂素调控根毛细胞的生长发育。
3.过量表达GIS3促进拟南芥花和其它组织上产生许多表皮毛,功能缺失突变体gis3与野生型相比在花和分枝上形成表皮毛数量减少。进一步分子生物学分析显示,GIS3作用于表皮毛正向调节因子ZFP5、GIS、GIS2、GL1和GL3的上游,通过赤霉素GA和细胞分裂素调控表皮毛生长发育。
以上研究结果显示,拟南芥锌指蛋白基因ZFP5、ZFP6和GIS3是调控表皮毛和根毛细胞形成的关键功能基因。这个研究结果进一步证实和补充GIS家族基因通过整合植物激素信号控制表皮毛和根毛细胞形成的作用机制。这些结果为进一步了解和研究拟南芥根毛和表皮毛细胞形成的作用机制提供了坚实的理论基础。同时这个研究结果对于了解植物表皮毛和根毛细胞发育,根系养分吸收,以及与植物激素、环境的互作关系,具有重要的学术意义和实际应用价值。
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) trichome and root hair development is an excellent model system for studying cell development, cell differentiation and cell cycle. Our previous studies have shown that GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS (GIS) family genes, GIS, GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS2(GIS2) and ZINC FINGER PROTEIN8(ZFP8), control shoot maturation and epidermal cell fate by integrating gibberellins (GAs) and cytokinin signaling in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that three new C2H2zinc finger proteins, ZINC FINGER PROTEIN5(ZFP5), ZINC FINGER PROTEIN6(ZFP6), GLABROUS INFLORESCENCE STEMS3(GIS3) play important roles in controlling root hair and trichome cell development through cytokinin and GA signalings.
1. Overexpression of ZFP5resulted in significantly more trichomes on carpels and other inflorescence organs than wild-type plants. zfp5loss-of-function mutant and RNAi lines exhibited reduced numbers of trichomes on sepals, cauline leaves, paraclades and main inflorescence stems in comparison to wild-type plants. Moreover, loss of ZFP5function resulted in shorter and fewer root hairs. More importantly, ZFP5mediated the regulation of trichome initiation by gibberellins. ZFP5gene expression was regulated by different plant hormones and nutrients. The molecular analyses suggested that ZFP5functions upstream of GIS, GIS2, ZFP8, and the key trichome initiation regulators GLABROUS1(GL1) and GLABROUS3(GL3). We further demonstrated that ZFP8was the direct target of ZFP5in controlling trichome cell differentiation, and CPC was the direct target of ZFP5in controlling root hair cell differentiation by using a steroid-inducible activation of ZFP5and ChIP experiment.
2. Overexpression of ZFP6led to significantly more trichomes on carpels and other inflorescence organs than the control plants. zfp6loss-of-function mutants resulted in fewer trichomes on sepals and lateral branch in comparison to wild-type plants. Moreover, loss of ZFP6function resulted in shorter and less root hairs than their wild type control. ZFP6mediated the regulation of trichome initiation by gibberellins and regulated the development of root hair by cytokinins. The molecular analyses suggested that ZFP6functions upstream of ZFP5, GIS, GIS2, ZFP8, and the key trichome initiation regulators GLABROUS I (GLI) and GLABROUS3(GL3).
3. Overexpression of GIS3resulted in significantly more trichomes on carpels and other inflorescence organs than the control plants. gis3loss-of-function mutants showed a reduced number of trichomes on sepals, and paraclades in comparison to wild-type plants. It was found that GIS3also mediates the regulation of trichome initiation by gibberellins. The molecular analyses demonstrated that GIS3functioned upstream of ZFP6, ZFP5, GIS, GIS2. ZFP8, the key trichome initiation regulators GLABROUS1(GL1) and GLABROUS3(GL3).
In summary, ZFP5、ZFP6and GIS3are major genes controlling the development of trichomes and root hairs. This study further supports that GIS family genes control the initiation and development of trichomes and root hairs by integrating hormonal signaling.
引文
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