广西地区褐飞虱、白背飞虱及稻纵卷叶螟的毫米波扫描昆虫雷达监测
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摘要
稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟是我国水稻生产上的重大迁飞性害虫,由于其具有远距离迁飞的特性,其种群的发生具有突发性和暴发性,严重危胁我国的水稻生产。研究这两种迁飞性害虫的早期监测预警技术具有重要意义。2007年6～10月,本研究利用毫米波扫描昆虫雷达在广西兴安县进行了稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟的空中种群动态的实时监测,结合灯诱、空中网捕、雌虫生殖系统解剖和田间笼罩,得到了观测区域害虫在不同时空中的发生规律、飞行行为参数,综合异地虫情信息和迁飞高峰期、低空单点气流和中尺度高空气流,分析了稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟空中迁飞场和大气动力场的关系,初步建立了害虫迁入和迁出的顺推和逆推轨迹。主要内容如下:
兴安地区空中昆虫种群数量、种类季节性变化明显,6～9月夜间昆虫虫口密度相对较高,进入10月份夜间昆虫相对减少,雷达回波点密度和灯下诱集虫量有很高的一致性,说明毫米波扫描昆虫雷达观测结果很好地反映了空中昆虫种群动态。
2007年5～10月,白背飞虱和褐飞虱有五个明显的飞行时期,两种飞虱数量消长动态不同,白背飞虱灯下始见期早于褐飞虱,且数量占优势,随着稻飞虱的不断迁入,褐飞虱数量不断增加,6月中旬以后,褐飞虱和白背飞虱数量变化呈现相反的趋势,8月初,白背飞虱数量开始上升,之后两者数量变化趋势一致。稻飞虱夏季高峰期数量明显高于秋季,雷达观测到稻飞虱典型的一次迁出和两次迁入过程。夏季稻飞虱迁出时,雌虫卵巢发育进度2级以下占绝对数量,傍晚起飞持续半小时,雷达回波点数量的变化显示,起飞时低空密度大,半小时后达到高峰,之后会出现昆虫空中集聚成层飞行现象。稻飞虱飞行高度可以达到2200 m,主要在1500～2000 m的高度层飞行。黎明前后雷达回波数量再次增多,但不及黄昏起飞数量,且能观测到昆虫过境成层飞行。利用Hysplit_4模式分析稻飞虱迁出的运行轨迹,12 h、24 h顺推轨迹得出其迁入地可能是湘赣地区、更远可到达湖北省和安徽省部分地区。秋季稻飞虱受到热带风暴影响,出现湘、粤、赣、桂四省灯下同期突增现象,逆推轨迹表明迁入桂东北的虫源主要来自湖南、湖北两省地区。
2007年5～10月,灯下稻纵卷叶螟出现两次显著高峰期,分别是6月9～10日和9月5～8日,雷达观测到后一个峰期稻纵卷叶螟发生的空中种群动态,雌虫卵巢发育进度表明9月6日当地稻纵卷叶螟大量迁出,雷达数据分析得到其飞行高度集中在800 m以下,起飞时间在19:10时以后30～50分钟内。顺推轨迹表明,9月5日稻纵卷叶螟迁出后,在东北气流的运载下,向南迁飞,但9月7日华南地区地面和高空出现强烈的东南气流,这阻止了稻纵卷叶螟继续向南迁移。
本论文得出稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟的飞行行为参数,为进一步研究其迁飞规律和迁飞行为奠定了基础。
The Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (BPH), the White-backed Planthopper Sogatella furcifera (WBPH) , and the rice leaf roller moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae),both reproduce successfully on rice and migrate long distances, They are the most important pests of irrigated rice throughout much of China. Recently , severe losses have been caused by pests in southern China, which threaten the increased production of high quality ,high value rice in this area. In order to explore the pests population dynamic in the aerial distribution , and the trajectory of immigration and emigration, we conducted this experiment by using an 8.0 mm wavelength scanning entomological radar, a searchlight trap and a ground light-trap, ovary development, aerial netting , which obtained insects flight parameter. comprehensive Analysis a relationship between immigration and emigration of pests and atmospheric dynamical fields, which based on exchanged information about pest dynamics in various regions and lower-Level and mesoscale flow filed. We have initially established emigration forward trajectories and immigration backer trajectories of pests.
In Xing’an, there are variation of number of species and catches daily caught in the light-trap through seasons. From June to September , number of insect’s species and catches is more high than in October . There is a high consistency between the radar echoes and catches in searchlight trap , which reveals that the millimetric scanning radar can reflect well insect population dynamics in the air.
From May to October in 2007, There have five significant flight period of WBPH and BPH in light-traps. However, there are different the population dynamics . The time that WBPH being catched in light-trap more early than BPH, but we can see number of BPH more than WBPH with time process and the number of WBPH has decreased. Planthoppers summer peak number was significantly higher than that fall. Typical planthoppers’immigration and emigration has been observed by radar. In summer, When planthoppers emigrated, most of female adults’ovarian development are two grade. In the late afternoon, the planthoppers have taken off for half an hour. Radar registered the take-off of the planthoppers between 19:00 and 19:45 h, at 19:00 h the first hint of this speckle on the PPI appeared. The speckle thickened quickly during the next twenty minutes or so, reached maximum density at 19:20 and 19:45, Later in the evening, the vertical profile of insect density became stratified. Planthoppers flight altitude can reach 2200 m , mainly in the 1500~2000 m. The dawn emigration thus took place, but the densities are less than that at dusk.
Forward trajectories were constructed by using Hysplit_4 patterns in order to estimate possible sink areas of the planthopper observed taking off from Xing’an at dust. A flight duration of 12 h and 24 h was assumed, they would have reached rice-growing areas in Hunan and Jiangxi, or even part of Hubei and Anhui. In autumn, planthoppers affected by the tropical storm , there are sudden increase catches in light-trap in the same period in Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Guangxi. The back-trajectory indicated that the source of these insects in northeast Guangxi from Hunan and Hubei.
From May to October in 2007, There have two significant flight period of the rice leaf roller catches in light-traps, inside June 9~10 and September 5~8. However, radar observed last one population dynamics, most of female adults’ovarian development are low-grade. It show that most of pests have immigration, Radar registered the take-off of the rice leaf roller between 19:10 and 20:00 h, and flight altitude can reach 800 m . Forward trajectories were constructed by using Hysplit_4 patterns in order to estimate possible sink areas of the rice leaf roller observed taking off from Xing’an at dusk. A flight duration of 6 h , 12 h and 24 h was assumed, they would have reached rice-growing areas in southwestern Guangxi, but the rice leaf roller would stop to emigrate by the strong airflow impact of the southeast on 7 September.
The flight parameters of planthopper and rice leaf roller would provide a scientific and effective basis. for the next step on its migration laws and acts of migration.
兴安地区空中昆虫种群数量、种类季节性变化明显,6～9月夜间昆虫虫口密度相对较高,进入10月份夜间昆虫相对减少,雷达回波点密度和灯下诱集虫量有很高的一致性,说明毫米波扫描昆虫雷达观测结果很好地反映了空中昆虫种群动态。
2007年5～10月,白背飞虱和褐飞虱有五个明显的飞行时期,两种飞虱数量消长动态不同,白背飞虱灯下始见期早于褐飞虱,且数量占优势,随着稻飞虱的不断迁入,褐飞虱数量不断增加,6月中旬以后,褐飞虱和白背飞虱数量变化呈现相反的趋势,8月初,白背飞虱数量开始上升,之后两者数量变化趋势一致。稻飞虱夏季高峰期数量明显高于秋季,雷达观测到稻飞虱典型的一次迁出和两次迁入过程。夏季稻飞虱迁出时,雌虫卵巢发育进度2级以下占绝对数量,傍晚起飞持续半小时,雷达回波点数量的变化显示,起飞时低空密度大,半小时后达到高峰,之后会出现昆虫空中集聚成层飞行现象。稻飞虱飞行高度可以达到2200 m,主要在1500～2000 m的高度层飞行。黎明前后雷达回波数量再次增多,但不及黄昏起飞数量,且能观测到昆虫过境成层飞行。利用Hysplit_4模式分析稻飞虱迁出的运行轨迹,12 h、24 h顺推轨迹得出其迁入地可能是湘赣地区、更远可到达湖北省和安徽省部分地区。秋季稻飞虱受到热带风暴影响,出现湘、粤、赣、桂四省灯下同期突增现象,逆推轨迹表明迁入桂东北的虫源主要来自湖南、湖北两省地区。
2007年5～10月,灯下稻纵卷叶螟出现两次显著高峰期,分别是6月9～10日和9月5～8日,雷达观测到后一个峰期稻纵卷叶螟发生的空中种群动态,雌虫卵巢发育进度表明9月6日当地稻纵卷叶螟大量迁出,雷达数据分析得到其飞行高度集中在800 m以下,起飞时间在19:10时以后30～50分钟内。顺推轨迹表明,9月5日稻纵卷叶螟迁出后,在东北气流的运载下,向南迁飞,但9月7日华南地区地面和高空出现强烈的东南气流,这阻止了稻纵卷叶螟继续向南迁移。
本论文得出稻飞虱和稻纵卷叶螟的飞行行为参数,为进一步研究其迁飞规律和迁飞行为奠定了基础。
The Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (BPH), the White-backed Planthopper Sogatella furcifera (WBPH) , and the rice leaf roller moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae),both reproduce successfully on rice and migrate long distances, They are the most important pests of irrigated rice throughout much of China. Recently , severe losses have been caused by pests in southern China, which threaten the increased production of high quality ,high value rice in this area. In order to explore the pests population dynamic in the aerial distribution , and the trajectory of immigration and emigration, we conducted this experiment by using an 8.0 mm wavelength scanning entomological radar, a searchlight trap and a ground light-trap, ovary development, aerial netting , which obtained insects flight parameter. comprehensive Analysis a relationship between immigration and emigration of pests and atmospheric dynamical fields, which based on exchanged information about pest dynamics in various regions and lower-Level and mesoscale flow filed. We have initially established emigration forward trajectories and immigration backer trajectories of pests.
In Xing’an, there are variation of number of species and catches daily caught in the light-trap through seasons. From June to September , number of insect’s species and catches is more high than in October . There is a high consistency between the radar echoes and catches in searchlight trap , which reveals that the millimetric scanning radar can reflect well insect population dynamics in the air.
From May to October in 2007, There have five significant flight period of WBPH and BPH in light-traps. However, there are different the population dynamics . The time that WBPH being catched in light-trap more early than BPH, but we can see number of BPH more than WBPH with time process and the number of WBPH has decreased. Planthoppers summer peak number was significantly higher than that fall. Typical planthoppers’immigration and emigration has been observed by radar. In summer, When planthoppers emigrated, most of female adults’ovarian development are two grade. In the late afternoon, the planthoppers have taken off for half an hour. Radar registered the take-off of the planthoppers between 19:00 and 19:45 h, at 19:00 h the first hint of this speckle on the PPI appeared. The speckle thickened quickly during the next twenty minutes or so, reached maximum density at 19:20 and 19:45, Later in the evening, the vertical profile of insect density became stratified. Planthoppers flight altitude can reach 2200 m , mainly in the 1500~2000 m. The dawn emigration thus took place, but the densities are less than that at dusk.
Forward trajectories were constructed by using Hysplit_4 patterns in order to estimate possible sink areas of the planthopper observed taking off from Xing’an at dust. A flight duration of 12 h and 24 h was assumed, they would have reached rice-growing areas in Hunan and Jiangxi, or even part of Hubei and Anhui. In autumn, planthoppers affected by the tropical storm , there are sudden increase catches in light-trap in the same period in Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangxi and Guangxi. The back-trajectory indicated that the source of these insects in northeast Guangxi from Hunan and Hubei.
From May to October in 2007, There have two significant flight period of the rice leaf roller catches in light-traps, inside June 9~10 and September 5~8. However, radar observed last one population dynamics, most of female adults’ovarian development are low-grade. It show that most of pests have immigration, Radar registered the take-off of the rice leaf roller between 19:10 and 20:00 h, and flight altitude can reach 800 m . Forward trajectories were constructed by using Hysplit_4 patterns in order to estimate possible sink areas of the rice leaf roller observed taking off from Xing’an at dusk. A flight duration of 6 h , 12 h and 24 h was assumed, they would have reached rice-growing areas in southwestern Guangxi, but the rice leaf roller would stop to emigrate by the strong airflow impact of the southeast on 7 September.
The flight parameters of planthopper and rice leaf roller would provide a scientific and effective basis. for the next step on its migration laws and acts of migration.
引文
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