论以美特殊关系的根源
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摘要
本文从理性主义的视角出发,采用微观层次的分析方法,研究影响以美关系发展的重大事件中,以色列历任总理的决策及其成因,以此探寻以美特殊性的根源。工党、前进党和利库德总理分别受制于工具理性和价值理性。前者旨在以最小成本获得最大收益,后者坚持“大以色列”信仰,致力于在巴勒斯坦整个地区建立犹太人的国家。本文提出四个假设。工党和前进党总理在处理以美关系时,配合美国的战略或策略。利库德总理的决策分为三类:强意识形态主义者和强现实主义者把“大以色列”信仰放在首位,但尽量避免损害以美关系;强现实主义者和弱意识形态主义者配合美国战略,必要时摆脱“大以色列”信仰的束缚;强意识形态主义者和弱现实主义者做决策时坚持“大以色列”信仰,愿意为之付出牺牲以美关系的代价。本文通过大样本统计方法,搜集了从以色列建国至奥尔默特时期38个案例,证明了假设的合理性。本文预测,工党、前进党和利库德总理在今后的决策中,仍保持既定的倾向,利库德总理将给以美关系带来不稳定因素。
The paper uses rationalism perspective, adopts micro-level analysis method, researches what decisions the Israeli Prime Ministers made and the reasons concerned regarding significant events influencing Israeli-American relation, and delves into the deep-rooted causes of the special bilateral relation. The Prime Ministers in the Labor, Forward party and the Likud are respectively constructed by instrumental reason and value reason. The former is aimed at getting the largest gains with the smallest cost, while the latter, the Jewish country in the whole Palestine directed by Big Israel belief. The paper puts forward four hypothesizes. The PMs in the Labor or Forward party accommodate American strategies and tactics, while those from the Likud party are grouped into three types: strong realists and meanwhile strong ideologues place the belief first and at the same time try not to harm the bilateral relation with utmost efforts; strong realists but weak ideologues accommodate American strategies and tactics and desist of the belief limitation when necessary; weak realists and strong ideologues insist on the belief at the cost of the bilateral relation. The paper utilizes mass statistical method, collects 38 cases form the building of Israel state to Olmert administration, and proves the rightness of the above mentioned four hypothesizes. The paper predicts the PMs from the three groups will keep the same trend as their predecessors, and above all, the Likud PMs will bring about more instable factors.
The paper uses rationalism perspective, adopts micro-level analysis method, researches what decisions the Israeli Prime Ministers made and the reasons concerned regarding significant events influencing Israeli-American relation, and delves into the deep-rooted causes of the special bilateral relation. The Prime Ministers in the Labor, Forward party and the Likud are respectively constructed by instrumental reason and value reason. The former is aimed at getting the largest gains with the smallest cost, while the latter, the Jewish country in the whole Palestine directed by Big Israel belief. The paper puts forward four hypothesizes. The PMs in the Labor or Forward party accommodate American strategies and tactics, while those from the Likud party are grouped into three types: strong realists and meanwhile strong ideologues place the belief first and at the same time try not to harm the bilateral relation with utmost efforts; strong realists but weak ideologues accommodate American strategies and tactics and desist of the belief limitation when necessary; weak realists and strong ideologues insist on the belief at the cost of the bilateral relation. The paper utilizes mass statistical method, collects 38 cases form the building of Israel state to Olmert administration, and proves the rightness of the above mentioned four hypothesizes. The paper predicts the PMs from the three groups will keep the same trend as their predecessors, and above all, the Likud PMs will bring about more instable factors.
引文
①Michael Thomas, American Policy toward Israel: The Power and Limits of Beliefs, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.4.
②Ibid., p.4.
③【美】吉米.卡特著,裘克安等译:《保持信心——吉米·卡特总统回忆录》,北京:世界知识出版社,1983年版,第317页。
④【以色列】阿巴·埃班著,阎瑞松译:《犹太史》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,1986年版,第126页,第103-104页。
⑤同上,第104页。
①Michael Brecher, The Foreign Policy System of Israel: Setting, Images, Process, London: Oxford University Press, 1972, p.127.
②Ibid., pp.410-413.
③Lily Gardner Feldman, The Special Relationship between West Germany and Israel, New York: George Allen & Unwin Publishers Ltd, 1984, p.81.
④Robert O. Freedman, Iarael in the Begin Era, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1982, p.121.
⑤杨曼苏:《以色列总理拉宾》,北京:世界知识出版社,1994年版,第65-66页。
①杨曼苏:《以色列总理拉宾》,北京:世界知识出版社,1994年版,第139-142页。
②John J. Mearsheimer & Stephen M.Walt, The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2007, pp.168-196.
③【美】斯蒂芬·沃尔特:《联盟的起源》,北京:北京大学出版社,2007年版,第251页。
④Michael Thomas, American Policy toward Israe: The Power and Limits of Beliefs, New York: Routledge, 2007, pp.56-70.
⑤Ibid., pp.148-162.
①舒先林:《美国的中东石油战略与中国能源安全》,载《西亚非洲》,2010年第2期,第10页。
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995.
②【以】本雅明·内塔尼亚胡著,田在玮、莎文译:《持久的和平》,北京:世界知识出版社,2009年版。
③Golda Meir, My life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1975.
④Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.97.
⑤Michael Bar-Zohar, Shimon Peres: The Biography, New York: Random House, 2007.
⑥Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007.
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007.
②Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
③See Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987.
②See Abraham Ben-zvi, John F. Kennedy and the Politics of Arms Sales to Israel, London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2002.
③Michael Thomas, American Policy toward Israel: The Power and Limits of Beliefs, New York: Routledge, 2007.
①John J.Mearsheimer and Stephen M.Walt, The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2007.
②James Lee Ray, The Future of American-Israeli Relations: A Parting of the Ways? Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1985.
③Shai Feldman, The Future of U.S.-Israel Strategic Cooperation, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1996.
①安维华、钱雪梅:《美国与大中东》,北京:世界知识出版社,2006年版。
②赵伟明:《中东问题与美国中东政策》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版。
③李伟建:《以色列与美国关系研究》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版。
④【美】肯尼思·华尔兹著,信强译:《国际政治理论》,上海:上海人民出版社,2003年版,第166-167页。
⑤同上,第217-260页。
①【美】约翰·米尔斯海默著,王义桅,唐小松译:《大国政治的悲剧》,上海:上海人民出版社,2003年版,第52-54页。
②【美】斯蒂芬·沃尔特:《联盟的起源》,北京:北京大学出版社,2007年版,第254-255页。
③【美】罗伯特·基欧汉著,苏长和等译:《霸权之后-世界政治经济中的合作与纷争》,上海:上海人民出版社,2001年版,第104-132页。
④秦亚青、魏玲:《结构、进程与权力的社会化》,载《世界经济与政治》,2007年第3期,第4-5页。
①秦亚青、魏玲:《结构、进程与权力的社会化》,载《世界经济与政治》,2007年第3期,第4-5页;秦亚青:《国际体系的无政府性-读温特的〈国际政治的社会理论〉》,载秦亚青《权力·制度·文化:国际关系理论与方法论研究文集》,北京:北京大学出版社,2005年版,第185-186页。
②【美】亚历山大·温特著,秦亚青译:《国际政治的社会理论》,上海:上海人民出版社,2003年版,第213页。
①【美】马莎·芬尼莫尔、凯瑟琳·斯金克:《国际规范的动与政治变革》,载【美】彼得·卡赞斯坦、罗泊特·基欧汉、斯蒂芬·克拉斯纳主编,秦亚青、苏长和、门洪华、魏玲译:《世界政治理论的探索与争鸣》,上海:上海世纪出版集团,2006年版,第322-323页。
①Ilan Peleg, Begin’s Foreign Policy, 1977-1983: Israel’s Move to the Right, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987, p.5.
②Ibid., p.6.
①Walter Laqueur, A history of Zionism, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p.348.
②Sasson Sofer, Zionism and the Foundations of Israel Diplomacy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, p.217
③Joseph Schectman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961, pp. 476-477.
④Sasson Sofer, Zionism and the Foundations of Israel Diplomacy, p.214.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.176.
②Ibid., p.186.
①Benjamin Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations: Israel and the World, New York: Bantam Books, 1993, P.204.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.49.
②Benjamin Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations: Israel and the World, New York: Bantam Books, 1993, P.383.
③Avi Shlaim,“The Likud in Power: The Historiography of Revisionist Zionism”, Israel Studies, Vol.1, No.2, p.292.
④杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,成都:四川人民出版社,1997年版,第237页。
①王勇辉:《解读小布什时期美国大战略中的中东政策》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,2006年第4期,第14页。
②王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第10页。
③理查德·尼克松著,萧啸等译:《真正的战争》,北京:世界知识出版社,2000年版,第91和95页。
①左文华、肖宪主编:《当代中东国际关系》,北京:世界知识出版社,1999年版,第298-299页;罗爱玲:《当前世界石油格局与美国对中东石油战略》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第7期,第25页。
②安维华、钱雪梅主编:《海湾石油新论》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000年版,第36页;罗爱玲:《当前世界石油格局与美国对中东石油战略》,第25页。
③郑艳萍:《资源、战争与资源战争》,载《太平洋学报》,2005年第4期,第68页;罗爱玲:《当前世界石油格局与美国对中东石油战略》,第25页。
④王京烈:《中东战略地位与美国中东政策调整》,载《西亚非洲》,1998年第2期,第59页。
⑤罗爱玲:《当前世界石油格局与美国对中东石油战略》,第25页。
①Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, p.159.
②Ronald W. Zweig, David Ben-Gurion: Politics and Leadership in Israel, London: Frank Cass, 1991, pp.222-223.
①Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp.218-219.
②Ibid., pp.219-220.
③Ibid., pp.222-224.
①李伟建:《以色列与美国关系研究》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版,第58页。
②王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第11页。
①王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第11页。
②See Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, p.245.
③Ibid.
①王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第12页。
②See Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp.253-254.
③Ibid., pp.255-257.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.11.
①万光:《40年代和50年代美国中东政策回顾》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第2期,第64页。
②潘光、邓新裕:《巴格达条约组织建立的前前后后》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,1989年第1期,第10页。
③Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, pp.13-14.
①See Michael B, Oren, The Origins of the Second Arab-Israel War: Egypt, Israel, and the Great Powers, 1952-1956, London: Frank Cass, 1993, p.83.
②Shimon Shamir,“The Collapse of Project Alpha”, in William Roger Louis and Roger Owen, eds., Suez 1956: The Crisis and Its Consequences, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.73-101.
③See Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, p.265.
④Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, p.20.
⑤Ibid.
⑥Ibid., pp.20-21.
⑦See Uri Blaler, Between East and West, p.271.
①Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, pp.26-27.
②Ibid., pp.27-28.
③Moshe Sharett, Personal Diary, Tel Aviv: Ma’ariv, 1978, pp.1284 & 1294.
④Ibid., pp.1294 & 1303.
⑤See Nissim Bar-Ya’acov, The Israel-Syrian Armistice: Problems of Implementation, 1949-1966, Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1967, pp.220-222.
①Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, p.31.
①Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, pp.81-82.
②Keith Kyle, Suez, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1991, p.538.
③李伟建:《以色列与美国关系研究》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版,第60页。
④Steven Spiegel, The Other Arab-Israeli Conflict, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp.84-85.
⑤李伟建:《以色列与美国关系研究》,第61页。
①Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, pp.87-88
②Ibid., pp.89-90.
③Ibid., p.99.
④Ibid., pp.90-93.
⑤Abraham Ben-Zvi: John Kennedy and the Politics of Arms Sales to Israel, London: Frank Cass, 2001, p.21.
⑥Ibid., p.19.
①Avner Cohen, Israel and the Bomb, New York: Columbia University Press, 1998, p.10.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi: Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, pp.22-25.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.17.
②Ibid., p.19.
①D. Little,“A Puppet in the Search of a Puppeteer? The United States, King Hussein, and Jordan, 1953-1970”, International History Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1995, p. 525.
②Ibid.
③Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, pp.20-22..
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.28.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.29.
②Uriel Dann, King Hussein and the Challenge of Arab Radicalism, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.86-87.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.34.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.39.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.41.
②Ibid., pp.42-43
③Ibid., p.45.
①Hebert M.Druks, John F. Kennedy and Israel, Westport, CT.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, pp.23-24.
①Hebert M.Druks, John F. Kennedy and Israel, Westport, CT.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, pp.34-35.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi, John Kennedy and the Politics of Arms Sales to Israel, London: Frank Cass, 2001, p.47.
③Ibid., pp.47-50.
④Hebert M.Druks, John F. Kennedy and Israel, pp.37-39.
⑤Ibid.
①Hebert M.Druks, John F. Kennedy and Israel, Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, pp.44-46.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi, John F. Kennedy and the Politics of Arms Sales to Israel, London: Frank Cass, 2001, p.88.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.59.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi, John F. Kennedy and Israel, Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, p.61.
③Ibid., p.60.
④D. Little,“A Puppet in the Search of a Puppeteer? The United States, King Hussein, and Jordan, 1953-1970”, International History Review, Vol. 17, No.3, 1995, p.530.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland, Oregon: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.94.
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, pp.88-89.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.66.
②Ibid., p.70.
①Colin Shindler, A history of Modern Israel, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.171.
①Abba Eban, An Autobiography, New York: Random House, 1977, p.321
②Mahmoud Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, London: Quarter Books, 1981, p.18.
③Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.94.
④Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency 1963-1969, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971, P.290.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.70-71
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.95.
③Ibid.
④Michael Bar-Zohar, Embassies in Crisis-Diplomats and Demagogues behind the Six-Day War, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970, p.56.
⑤Ibid., p.59.
①Michael Bar-Zohar, Embassies in Crisis-Diplomats and Demagogues behind the Six-Day War, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970, pp.62-63.
②Ibid., pp.68-69.
③Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.101.
④Anwar el-Sadat, In Search of Identity: An Autobiography, New York: Harper & Row, 1977, p.172
⑤Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.102.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.103.
②Michael Brecher, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, p.121.
③Abba Eban, An Autobiography, New York: Random House, 1977, p.336.
④Ibid., pp.346-347.
⑤Gideon Rafael, Destination Peace: Three Decades of Israel Foreign Policy, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981, p.143.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.84-85.
②Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency 1963-1969, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971, P.293.
③Abba Eban, An Autobiography, New York: Random House, 1977, pp.369-370.
④Ibid., pp.371-372.
⑤Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.120.
①Abba Eban, An Autobiography, New York: Random House, 1977, pp.371-383.
②Ibid., p.385.
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.97.
④Michael Brecher, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, pp.163-164.
⑤Abba Eban, An Autobiography, p.395.
①Michael Brecher, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, p.168.
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, pp.134-136.
③Moshe Dayan, Story of My Life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976, pp.379-380.
①王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第12页。
②Steven L. Spiegel, The Other Arab-Israeli Conflict: Making America’s Middle East Policy, from Truman to Reagan, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp.176-177 & 182-184.
③Henry Kissinger, An Autobiography, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.349-358.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, pp.154-155.
②Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.129.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.158.
②Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.162.
③Ibid., p.162.
④Ibid., pp.163-164.
⑤Lawrence L. Whetten, The Canal War: Four Power Conflict in the Middle East, Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1974, pp.79-80.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.165.
②Mahmoud Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, London: Quarter Books, 1981, p.119.
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.170.
④Henry Kissinger, White House Years, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.562.
⑤Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, p.167.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.165.
②Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.171-172.
③William B. Quandt, Decade of Decisions: American Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1967-1976, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977, p.98.
④Lawrence L. Whetten, The Canal War: Four Power Conflict in the Middle East, Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1974, p.95.
⑤Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.165.
⑥Ibid., p.175.
⑦Henry Kissinger, White House Years, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.570-572.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.174.
②Henry Kissinger, White House Years, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.572.
③Jon Glassman, Arms for the Arabs: The Soviet Union and War in the Middle East, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975, p.78.
④Ibid., p.79.
⑤Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.135.
①Henry Kissinger, White House Years, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.579-580.
②Ibid., p.576.
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.177-178.
④Henry Kissinger, White House Years, p.579.
⑤Ibid.
⑥Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.182.
①Mordechai Gazit, The Peace Process 1969-1973: Efforts and Contacts, Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1983, p.49.
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p. 182.
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.179.
④Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.184.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.138.
②Ibid., p.139.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.139.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.77
③Ibid.
④Ibid., pp.77-78.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.142.
②Ibid.
③Richard Milhous Nixon, The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1978, p.921.
①Michael Brecher, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, p.206.
②Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, p.477.
③Ibid., p.499.
④Moshe Dayan, Story of My Life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976, p.518.
⑤Richard Milhous Nixon, The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1978, pp.926-927.
⑥Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, pp.522-523.
⑦Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.152.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.153.
②Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, pp.562 & 564-565.
③Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.225.
④Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, p.568.
①Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, p.571.
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.228.
③Ibid
④Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, p.574.
⑤Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.228.
①Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, pp.574-575.
②Ibid., p.576.
③Ibid., p.578.
④Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.230.
⑤Moshe Dayan, Story of My Life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976, pp.551-552.
⑥Golda Meir, My Life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1975, p.426.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.233.
②Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, pp.601-602.
③Ibid., p.607.
④Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.234.
⑤Ibid.
⑥Ibid.
⑦Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p.788
①Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel:From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p. 792
②Ibid., p. 795.
①Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p.813.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.255.
②Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p.815
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, p.256.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.256-257.
②Ibid., pp.257-261.
③Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p. 818.
④Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, pp.261-262.
⑤Ibid., pp.262-263.
①Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p.822
②杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,杨曼苏著,1997年版,第219页。
③Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel, pp.818-819.
①Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p. 820.
②杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,成都:四川人民出版社,1997年版,第224页。
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.148.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.45.
②Ilan Peleg, Begin’s Foreign Policy, 1977-1983: Israel’s Move to the Right, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987, p.101.
①Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.158.
②Ilan Peleg, Begin’s Foreign Policy, 1977-1983: Israel’s Move to the Right, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987, p.102.
③Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, p.161.
①The Middle East: U.S. Policy, Israel, Oil and the Arabs, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1979, pp. 220-222.
②Ilan Peleg, Begin’s Foreign Policy, 1977-1983: Israel’s Move to the Right, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987, p.104.
③Arye Naor,“Hawks’Beaks, Doves’Feathers: Likud Prime Ministers between Ideology and Reality”, Israel studies, Vol.10, No.3, p.168.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.97.
②Joseph Nedava, ed., The Arab-Israeli Conflict, Israel: Revivim, 1983, p.461.
③Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream, p.97.
④American Friends Service Committee, A Compassionate Peace: A Future for the Middle East, New York: Hill and Wang, 1982, p.21.
①王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第13页。
②同上。
③【美】彼得·施魏策尔著,殷雄译:《里根政府是怎样搞垮苏联的》,北京:新华出版社,2001年版,第11页。
④同上,第12-33页。
①【美】彼得·施魏策尔著,殷雄译:《里根政府是怎样搞垮苏联的》,北京:新华出版社,2001年版,第28-37页。
②Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.170.
③Laurence I. Barrett, Gambling with History: Ronald Reagan in the White House, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., 1983, p.275.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.179.
②Ibid., p.180.
③Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.150.
④Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel, p.168.
①Laurence I. Barrett, Gambling with History: Ronald Reagan in the White House, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., 1983, p.277.
②Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.173.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.183.
②Ibid., p.188.
③Bob Woodward, Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA 1981-87, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987, p.245.
①Karen L. Puschel, US-Israel Strategic Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: American Perspective, Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post, 1992, p.76.
②Ibid., p.78.
①Michael Bar-Zohar, Shimon Peres: The Biography, New York: Random House, 2007, p.380.
①Karen L. Puschel, US-Israel Strategic Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: American Perspective, Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post, 1992, pp.120-121.
②Ibid.
①Karen L. Puschel, US-Israel Strategic Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: American Perspective, Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post, 1992, pp.129-130.
①Karen L. Puschel, US-Israel Strategic Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: American Perspective, Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post, 1992, pp.135-136.
②达巍、李莉:《试析美国“改造中东”战略及其限度》,载《现代国际关系》,2003年第9期,第16页。
③王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第14页。
①Arye Naor,“Hawks’Beaks, Doves’Feathers: Likud Prime Ministers between Ideology and Reality”, Israel studies, Vol. 10, No. 3, p.170.
②Ibid., p.171.
③Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.252.
④Edgar O. Balance, The Palestinian Intifada, London: Macmillan Press, 1998, p.38.
⑤Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, p.960.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.242.
②Ibid., p.257.
③Ibid., pp.254-257
④Ibid., p.254.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.256.
②Ibid., p.268.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.266.
②Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.218.
③Ibid., p.219.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, pp.219-220.
②Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.276.
①杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,成都:四川人民出版社,1997年,第306页。
②同上,第307页。
③同上,第324页。
④同上,第326-327页。
①杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,成都:四川人民出版社,1997年,第327-328页。
②王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第15页。
①Benjamin Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations: Israel and the World, New York: Bantam, 1993, p.353.
②Yael S. Aronoff,“From Warfare to Withdrawal: the Legacy of Ariel Sharon”, Israel studies, Vol.15, No.2, p.157.
③Arye Naor,“Hawks’Beaks, Doves’Feathers: Likud Prime Ministers between Ideology and Reality”, Israel studies, Vol.10, No.3, p.177.
④Ibid., p.178.
①Guy Ben-Porat,“Netanyahu’s Second Coming: A Neoconservative Policy Paradigm?”Israel studies, Vol.10. No.3, p.236.
②Arye Naor,“Hawks’Beaks, Doves’Feathers: Likud Prime Ministers between Ideology and Reality”, Israel studies, Vol.10, No.3, p.180.
③Guy Ben-Porat,“Netanyahu’s Second Coming”, p.235.
④Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007, pp.20-21.
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007, p.26.
②叶国玲:《强硬的内塔尼亚胡,艰难的执政岁月》,载《当代世界》,1997年第2期,第23页。
③余建华:《1997:中东和平进程面临严重危机》,载《阿拉伯世界》,1998年第1期,第27页。
④Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine, p.27.
①叶国玲:《强硬的内塔尼亚胡,艰难的执政岁月》,载《当代世界》,1997年第2期,第23页。
②余建华:《1997:中东和平进程面临严重危机》,载《阿拉伯世界》,1998年第1期,第28页。
③同上,第28-29页。
①余建华:《1997:中东和平进程面临严重危机》,载《阿拉伯世界》,1998年第1期,第29-30页。
②同上,第31页。
③同上,第31-32页。
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007, pp.29-30.
②Ibid., p.32.
①万光:《希伯伦协议和巴以矛盾的新发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1997年第3期,第12页。
②赵宏图、李荣:《当前中东形势走向》,载《现代国际关系》,1998年第7期,第25页。
③《内塔尼亚胡成了“西方的萨达姆”》,载《当代世界》,1998年第1期,第27页。
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007. p.39.
②Ibid., pp.45-46.
③Ibid., p.50.
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, pp.50-53.
①赵伟明:《中东问题与美国中东政策》,北京:世界知识出版社,2006年版,第410页。
②马丽蓉:《反观九一一事件:对美国反恐战略的解读(上)》,载《西亚非洲》,2007年第9期,第6-7页。
①Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.294.
②王勇辉:《解读小布什时期美国大战略中的中东政策》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,2006年第4期,第16页。
③马丽蓉:《反观九一一事件:对美国反恐战略的解读(上)》,载《西亚非洲》,2007年第9期,第6页。
④《巴勒斯坦民族权利机构》,载http://baike.baidu.com/view/187830.htm?fr=ala0_1。
⑤(《以色列围困阿拉法特3年终愿放行,巴方予以拒绝》,载http://www.shm.com.cn/newscenter/2004-10/26/content_476228.htm。
①王勇辉:《解读小布什时期美国大战略中的中东政策》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,2006年第4期,第15页。
②同上,第16页。
③同上,第18页
①王勇辉:《解读小布什时期美国大战略中的中东政策》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,2006年第4期,第19页。
②Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp.296-297.
③Ibid., p.305.
①孙德刚:《中东和平“路线图”浅析》,载《西亚非洲》,2004年第1期,第19页。
②Yael S. Aronoff,“From Warfare to Withdrawal: the Legacy of Ariel Sharon”, Israel studies, Vol.15, No.2, p.162.
③Ibid., p.163.
④Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.319.
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007, pp.94-97.
②Colin Shindler, A history of Modern Israel, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.314.
③Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine, p.131.
④Ibid., pp.132-133.
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第6页。
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第6页。
②同上,第7页。
③《沙龙脑溢血牵动中东格局》,载《参考消息》,2006年1月6日第1版。
④Yael S. Aronoff,“From Warfare to Withdrawal: The Legacy of Ariel Sharon”, Israel studies, Vol.15, No.2, p.164.
①《奥尔默特首次发表政策演讲称以色列将继续推行单边路线》,载《参考消息》,2006年1月26日第2版。
②Jonathan Rynhold,“Peace and Security in the 2006 Election”, Israel Affairs, Vol.13, No.2, p.390.
③《奥尔默特称继续单边撤离哈马斯表示不会释放以士兵》,载《参考消息》,2006年7月11日第2版。
④《黎以局势剑拔弩张》,载《参考消息》,2006年7月13日第1版。
⑤《联合国军事观察员血洒黎巴嫩》,载《参考消息》,2006年7月27日第1版。
⑥《安南称以军忽视反复警告美阻挠安理会谴责以色列》,载《参考消息》,2006年7月28日第1版。
⑦《安理会授权在黎南部属联合国部队》,载《参考消息》,2006年8月13日第1版。
⑧《黎以终于实现停火》,载《参考消息》,2006年8月15日第2版。
⑨《哈马斯开出联合组阁条件以色列搁置单边行动计划》,载《参考消息》,2006年8月19日第2版。
①《巴以美准备举行三方会谈以色列要扩建西岸定居点》,载《参考消息》,2007年1月16日第2版。
②see Nathan J. Brown, Palestinian Politics after the Oslo Accords, London: University of California Press, 2003, pp.94-137.
③李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第9页。
④余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第9页。
①李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第5-6页。
②余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第9页;李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,第5-6页。
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第9页。
②同上。
③李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第7-8页。
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第10页。
②李荣、田文林:《美国在中东的战略困境及前景评估》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第7期,第7页。
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第9页。
②同上,第10页。
③李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第9页。
④储昭根:《哈马斯上台,中东未必乱》,载人民网网站http://www.people.com.cn/GB/news/37454/37459/4111956.html。
①马丽蓉:《多向维度中的中东民主问题考量(上)》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第7期,第15页。
②李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第9页。
③李荣、田文林:《美国在中东的战略困境及前景评估》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第7期,第7页。
④万光:《当今中东的新力量和新格局》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第1期,第6页。
①朱建慧:《奥尔默特难脱政治泥淖》,载《瞭望》,2007年第20期,第56页。
②孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第5页。
①孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第5页。
②秦轩:《奥尔默特:拒绝失败》,载《中国新闻周刊》,2007年5月14日,第56页。
③2006年12月11日,奥尔默特在接受德国卫星电视一台采访时,将以色列与世界上拥有核武器的国家相提并论。参见刘中伟:《聚焦奥尔默特》,载《百科知识》(上),2007年第7期,第33页。
④孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,第8页。
⑤同上。
①孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第8-9页。
②Jim Rutenburg and Helene Cooper,“Lair Push Plan to End Mideast Fighting”, New York Times, July 29, 2006.
①孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第9页。
②《以军空袭再造“加纳村惨案”》,http://finance1.jrj.com.cn/news/2006-07-31/000001564959.html。
③Helen Cooper,“Rice Says Mideast Cease-Fire Is within Reach”, New York Times, July 31, 2006.
①陆西亚:《美国中东政策调整与中东局势变化》,载《现代国际关系》,2008年第5期,第37页。
②《综合消息:中东和会在美举行,巴以双方将开始和谈》,载http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2007-11/28/content_7159360.htm。
①赵国忠:《美国在中东的军事存在及其战略企图》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第1期,第35页。
②同上,第36页。
③晓凡:《中东“大棋局”中的巴以和平》,载《当代世界》,2009年第4期,第24页。
①赵伟明:《挑战美国地位,重塑大国形象——俄罗斯对中东战略的变化与俄美关系》,载《西亚非洲》,2007年第7期,第33页。
②杨鸿玺、杨中强:《美国对中东战略与伊朗核问题的发展》,载《西亚非洲》,2007年第8期,第6页。
③赵伟明:《挑战美国地位,重塑大国形象》,第33-34页。
④马丽蓉:《多向维度中的中东民主问题考量(下)》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第70页。
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②Ibid., p.4.
③【美】吉米.卡特著,裘克安等译:《保持信心——吉米·卡特总统回忆录》,北京:世界知识出版社,1983年版,第317页。
④【以色列】阿巴·埃班著,阎瑞松译:《犹太史》,北京:中国社会科学出版社,1986年版,第126页,第103-104页。
⑤同上,第104页。
①Michael Brecher, The Foreign Policy System of Israel: Setting, Images, Process, London: Oxford University Press, 1972, p.127.
②Ibid., pp.410-413.
③Lily Gardner Feldman, The Special Relationship between West Germany and Israel, New York: George Allen & Unwin Publishers Ltd, 1984, p.81.
④Robert O. Freedman, Iarael in the Begin Era, New York: Praeger Publishers, 1982, p.121.
⑤杨曼苏:《以色列总理拉宾》,北京:世界知识出版社,1994年版,第65-66页。
①杨曼苏:《以色列总理拉宾》,北京:世界知识出版社,1994年版,第139-142页。
②John J. Mearsheimer & Stephen M.Walt, The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2007, pp.168-196.
③【美】斯蒂芬·沃尔特:《联盟的起源》,北京:北京大学出版社,2007年版,第251页。
④Michael Thomas, American Policy toward Israe: The Power and Limits of Beliefs, New York: Routledge, 2007, pp.56-70.
⑤Ibid., pp.148-162.
①舒先林:《美国的中东石油战略与中国能源安全》,载《西亚非洲》,2010年第2期,第10页。
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995.
②【以】本雅明·内塔尼亚胡著,田在玮、莎文译:《持久的和平》,北京:世界知识出版社,2009年版。
③Golda Meir, My life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1975.
④Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.97.
⑤Michael Bar-Zohar, Shimon Peres: The Biography, New York: Random House, 2007.
⑥Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007.
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007.
②Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997.
③See Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987.
②See Abraham Ben-zvi, John F. Kennedy and the Politics of Arms Sales to Israel, London: Frank Cass Publishers, 2002.
③Michael Thomas, American Policy toward Israel: The Power and Limits of Beliefs, New York: Routledge, 2007.
①John J.Mearsheimer and Stephen M.Walt, The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy, New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2007.
②James Lee Ray, The Future of American-Israeli Relations: A Parting of the Ways? Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1985.
③Shai Feldman, The Future of U.S.-Israel Strategic Cooperation, Washington, D.C.: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1996.
①安维华、钱雪梅:《美国与大中东》,北京:世界知识出版社,2006年版。
②赵伟明:《中东问题与美国中东政策》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版。
③李伟建:《以色列与美国关系研究》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版。
④【美】肯尼思·华尔兹著,信强译:《国际政治理论》,上海:上海人民出版社,2003年版,第166-167页。
⑤同上,第217-260页。
①【美】约翰·米尔斯海默著,王义桅,唐小松译:《大国政治的悲剧》,上海:上海人民出版社,2003年版,第52-54页。
②【美】斯蒂芬·沃尔特:《联盟的起源》,北京:北京大学出版社,2007年版,第254-255页。
③【美】罗伯特·基欧汉著,苏长和等译:《霸权之后-世界政治经济中的合作与纷争》,上海:上海人民出版社,2001年版,第104-132页。
④秦亚青、魏玲:《结构、进程与权力的社会化》,载《世界经济与政治》,2007年第3期,第4-5页。
①秦亚青、魏玲:《结构、进程与权力的社会化》,载《世界经济与政治》,2007年第3期,第4-5页;秦亚青:《国际体系的无政府性-读温特的〈国际政治的社会理论〉》,载秦亚青《权力·制度·文化:国际关系理论与方法论研究文集》,北京:北京大学出版社,2005年版,第185-186页。
②【美】亚历山大·温特著,秦亚青译:《国际政治的社会理论》,上海:上海人民出版社,2003年版,第213页。
①【美】马莎·芬尼莫尔、凯瑟琳·斯金克:《国际规范的动与政治变革》,载【美】彼得·卡赞斯坦、罗泊特·基欧汉、斯蒂芬·克拉斯纳主编,秦亚青、苏长和、门洪华、魏玲译:《世界政治理论的探索与争鸣》,上海:上海世纪出版集团,2006年版,第322-323页。
①Ilan Peleg, Begin’s Foreign Policy, 1977-1983: Israel’s Move to the Right, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987, p.5.
②Ibid., p.6.
①Walter Laqueur, A history of Zionism, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p.348.
②Sasson Sofer, Zionism and the Foundations of Israel Diplomacy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, p.217
③Joseph Schectman, Fighter and Prophet: The Vladimir Jabotinsky Story, New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1961, pp. 476-477.
④Sasson Sofer, Zionism and the Foundations of Israel Diplomacy, p.214.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.176.
②Ibid., p.186.
①Benjamin Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations: Israel and the World, New York: Bantam Books, 1993, P.204.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.49.
②Benjamin Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations: Israel and the World, New York: Bantam Books, 1993, P.383.
③Avi Shlaim,“The Likud in Power: The Historiography of Revisionist Zionism”, Israel Studies, Vol.1, No.2, p.292.
④杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,成都:四川人民出版社,1997年版,第237页。
①王勇辉:《解读小布什时期美国大战略中的中东政策》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,2006年第4期,第14页。
②王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第10页。
③理查德·尼克松著,萧啸等译:《真正的战争》,北京:世界知识出版社,2000年版,第91和95页。
①左文华、肖宪主编:《当代中东国际关系》,北京:世界知识出版社,1999年版,第298-299页;罗爱玲:《当前世界石油格局与美国对中东石油战略》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第7期,第25页。
②安维华、钱雪梅主编:《海湾石油新论》,北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000年版,第36页;罗爱玲:《当前世界石油格局与美国对中东石油战略》,第25页。
③郑艳萍:《资源、战争与资源战争》,载《太平洋学报》,2005年第4期,第68页;罗爱玲:《当前世界石油格局与美国对中东石油战略》,第25页。
④王京烈:《中东战略地位与美国中东政策调整》,载《西亚非洲》,1998年第2期,第59页。
⑤罗爱玲:《当前世界石油格局与美国对中东石油战略》,第25页。
①Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, p.159.
②Ronald W. Zweig, David Ben-Gurion: Politics and Leadership in Israel, London: Frank Cass, 1991, pp.222-223.
①Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp.218-219.
②Ibid., pp.219-220.
③Ibid., pp.222-224.
①李伟建:《以色列与美国关系研究》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版,第58页。
②王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第11页。
①王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第11页。
②See Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, p.245.
③Ibid.
①王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第12页。
②See Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp.253-254.
③Ibid., pp.255-257.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.11.
①万光:《40年代和50年代美国中东政策回顾》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第2期,第64页。
②潘光、邓新裕:《巴格达条约组织建立的前前后后》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,1989年第1期,第10页。
③Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, pp.13-14.
①See Michael B, Oren, The Origins of the Second Arab-Israel War: Egypt, Israel, and the Great Powers, 1952-1956, London: Frank Cass, 1993, p.83.
②Shimon Shamir,“The Collapse of Project Alpha”, in William Roger Louis and Roger Owen, eds., Suez 1956: The Crisis and Its Consequences, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.73-101.
③See Uri Blaler, Between East and West: Israel’s Foreign Policy Orientation 1948-1956, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990, p.265.
④Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, p.20.
⑤Ibid.
⑥Ibid., pp.20-21.
⑦See Uri Blaler, Between East and West, p.271.
①Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, pp.26-27.
②Ibid., pp.27-28.
③Moshe Sharett, Personal Diary, Tel Aviv: Ma’ariv, 1978, pp.1284 & 1294.
④Ibid., pp.1294 & 1303.
⑤See Nissim Bar-Ya’acov, The Israel-Syrian Armistice: Problems of Implementation, 1949-1966, Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1967, pp.220-222.
①Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, p.31.
①Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, pp.81-82.
②Keith Kyle, Suez, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1991, p.538.
③李伟建:《以色列与美国关系研究》,北京:时事出版社,2006年版,第60页。
④Steven Spiegel, The Other Arab-Israeli Conflict, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp.84-85.
⑤李伟建:《以色列与美国关系研究》,第61页。
①Zach Levey, Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, pp.87-88
②Ibid., pp.89-90.
③Ibid., p.99.
④Ibid., pp.90-93.
⑤Abraham Ben-Zvi: John Kennedy and the Politics of Arms Sales to Israel, London: Frank Cass, 2001, p.21.
⑥Ibid., p.19.
①Avner Cohen, Israel and the Bomb, New York: Columbia University Press, 1998, p.10.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi: Israel and the Western Powers, 1952-1960, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1997, pp.22-25.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.17.
②Ibid., p.19.
①D. Little,“A Puppet in the Search of a Puppeteer? The United States, King Hussein, and Jordan, 1953-1970”, International History Review, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1995, p. 525.
②Ibid.
③Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, pp.20-22..
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.28.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.29.
②Uriel Dann, King Hussein and the Challenge of Arab Radicalism, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.86-87.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.34.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.39.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.41.
②Ibid., pp.42-43
③Ibid., p.45.
①Hebert M.Druks, John F. Kennedy and Israel, Westport, CT.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, pp.23-24.
①Hebert M.Druks, John F. Kennedy and Israel, Westport, CT.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, pp.34-35.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi, John Kennedy and the Politics of Arms Sales to Israel, London: Frank Cass, 2001, p.47.
③Ibid., pp.47-50.
④Hebert M.Druks, John F. Kennedy and Israel, pp.37-39.
⑤Ibid.
①Hebert M.Druks, John F. Kennedy and Israel, Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, pp.44-46.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi, John F. Kennedy and the Politics of Arms Sales to Israel, London: Frank Cass, 2001, p.88.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.59.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi, John F. Kennedy and Israel, Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005, p.61.
③Ibid., p.60.
④D. Little,“A Puppet in the Search of a Puppeteer? The United States, King Hussein, and Jordan, 1953-1970”, International History Review, Vol. 17, No.3, 1995, p.530.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland, Oregon: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.94.
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, pp.88-89.
①Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.66.
②Ibid., p.70.
①Colin Shindler, A history of Modern Israel, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.171.
①Abba Eban, An Autobiography, New York: Random House, 1977, p.321
②Mahmoud Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, London: Quarter Books, 1981, p.18.
③Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.94.
④Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency 1963-1969, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971, P.290.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.70-71
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.95.
③Ibid.
④Michael Bar-Zohar, Embassies in Crisis-Diplomats and Demagogues behind the Six-Day War, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970, p.56.
⑤Ibid., p.59.
①Michael Bar-Zohar, Embassies in Crisis-Diplomats and Demagogues behind the Six-Day War, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970, pp.62-63.
②Ibid., pp.68-69.
③Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.101.
④Anwar el-Sadat, In Search of Identity: An Autobiography, New York: Harper & Row, 1977, p.172
⑤Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.102.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.103.
②Michael Brecher, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, p.121.
③Abba Eban, An Autobiography, New York: Random House, 1977, p.336.
④Ibid., pp.346-347.
⑤Gideon Rafael, Destination Peace: Three Decades of Israel Foreign Policy, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981, p.143.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.84-85.
②Lyndon B. Johnson, The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency 1963-1969, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1971, P.293.
③Abba Eban, An Autobiography, New York: Random House, 1977, pp.369-370.
④Ibid., pp.371-372.
⑤Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.120.
①Abba Eban, An Autobiography, New York: Random House, 1977, pp.371-383.
②Ibid., p.385.
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.97.
④Michael Brecher, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, pp.163-164.
⑤Abba Eban, An Autobiography, p.395.
①Michael Brecher, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, p.168.
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, pp.134-136.
③Moshe Dayan, Story of My Life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976, pp.379-380.
①王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第12页。
②Steven L. Spiegel, The Other Arab-Israeli Conflict: Making America’s Middle East Policy, from Truman to Reagan, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1985, pp.176-177 & 182-184.
③Henry Kissinger, An Autobiography, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.349-358.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, pp.154-155.
②Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.129.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.158.
②Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.162.
③Ibid., p.162.
④Ibid., pp.163-164.
⑤Lawrence L. Whetten, The Canal War: Four Power Conflict in the Middle East, Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1974, pp.79-80.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.165.
②Mahmoud Riad, The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, London: Quarter Books, 1981, p.119.
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.170.
④Henry Kissinger, White House Years, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.562.
⑤Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, p.167.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.165.
②Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.171-172.
③William B. Quandt, Decade of Decisions: American Policy toward the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1967-1976, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977, p.98.
④Lawrence L. Whetten, The Canal War: Four Power Conflict in the Middle East, Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1974, p.95.
⑤Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.165.
⑥Ibid., p.175.
⑦Henry Kissinger, White House Years, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.570-572.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.174.
②Henry Kissinger, White House Years, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.572.
③Jon Glassman, Arms for the Arabs: The Soviet Union and War in the Middle East, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975, p.78.
④Ibid., p.79.
⑤Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.135.
①Henry Kissinger, White House Years, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.579-580.
②Ibid., p.576.
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.177-178.
④Henry Kissinger, White House Years, p.579.
⑤Ibid.
⑥Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.182.
①Mordechai Gazit, The Peace Process 1969-1973: Efforts and Contacts, Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1983, p.49.
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p. 182.
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.179.
④Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.184.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.138.
②Ibid., p.139.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.139.
②Abraham Ben-Zvi, The Origin of the American-Israel Alliance: The Jordanian Factor, New York: Routledge, 2007, p.77
③Ibid.
④Ibid., pp.77-78.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.142.
②Ibid.
③Richard Milhous Nixon, The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1978, p.921.
①Michael Brecher, Decisions in Crisis: Israel, 1967 and 1973, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980, p.206.
②Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, p.477.
③Ibid., p.499.
④Moshe Dayan, Story of My Life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976, p.518.
⑤Richard Milhous Nixon, The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1978, pp.926-927.
⑥Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, pp.522-523.
⑦Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.152.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.153.
②Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, pp.562 & 564-565.
③Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.225.
④Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, p.568.
①Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, p.571.
②Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.228.
③Ibid
④Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, p.574.
⑤Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.228.
①Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, pp.574-575.
②Ibid., p.576.
③Ibid., p.578.
④Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.230.
⑤Moshe Dayan, Story of My Life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976, pp.551-552.
⑥Golda Meir, My Life, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1975, p.426.
①Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, New York: Praeger, 1987, p.233.
②Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval, Boston: Little, Brown, 1982, pp.601-602.
③Ibid., p.607.
④Yaacov Bar-Siman-Tov, Israel, the Superpowers, and the War in the Middle East, p.234.
⑤Ibid.
⑥Ibid.
⑦Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p.788
①Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel:From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p. 792
②Ibid., p. 795.
①Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p.813.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, p.255.
②Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p.815
③Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, p.256.
①Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, Boston: Little, Brown, 1979, pp.256-257.
②Ibid., pp.257-261.
③Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p. 818.
④Yitzhak Rabin, The Rabin Memoirs, pp.261-262.
⑤Ibid., pp.262-263.
①Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p.822
②杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,杨曼苏著,1997年版,第219页。
③Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel, pp.818-819.
①Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, p. 820.
②杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,成都:四川人民出版社,1997年版,第224页。
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.148.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.45.
②Ilan Peleg, Begin’s Foreign Policy, 1977-1983: Israel’s Move to the Right, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987, p.101.
①Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.158.
②Ilan Peleg, Begin’s Foreign Policy, 1977-1983: Israel’s Move to the Right, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987, p.102.
③Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, p.161.
①The Middle East: U.S. Policy, Israel, Oil and the Arabs, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1979, pp. 220-222.
②Ilan Peleg, Begin’s Foreign Policy, 1977-1983: Israel’s Move to the Right, New York: Greenwood Press, 1987, p.104.
③Arye Naor,“Hawks’Beaks, Doves’Feathers: Likud Prime Ministers between Ideology and Reality”, Israel studies, Vol.10, No.3, p.168.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.97.
②Joseph Nedava, ed., The Arab-Israeli Conflict, Israel: Revivim, 1983, p.461.
③Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream, p.97.
④American Friends Service Committee, A Compassionate Peace: A Future for the Middle East, New York: Hill and Wang, 1982, p.21.
①王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第13页。
②同上。
③【美】彼得·施魏策尔著,殷雄译:《里根政府是怎样搞垮苏联的》,北京:新华出版社,2001年版,第11页。
④同上,第12-33页。
①【美】彼得·施魏策尔著,殷雄译:《里根政府是怎样搞垮苏联的》,北京:新华出版社,2001年版,第28-37页。
②Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.170.
③Laurence I. Barrett, Gambling with History: Ronald Reagan in the White House, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., 1983, p.275.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.179.
②Ibid., p.180.
③Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.150.
④Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel, p.168.
①Laurence I. Barrett, Gambling with History: Ronald Reagan in the White House, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Co., 1983, p.277.
②Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.173.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.183.
②Ibid., p.188.
③Bob Woodward, Veil: The Secret Wars of the CIA 1981-87, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987, p.245.
①Karen L. Puschel, US-Israel Strategic Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: American Perspective, Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post, 1992, p.76.
②Ibid., p.78.
①Michael Bar-Zohar, Shimon Peres: The Biography, New York: Random House, 2007, p.380.
①Karen L. Puschel, US-Israel Strategic Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: American Perspective, Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post, 1992, pp.120-121.
②Ibid.
①Karen L. Puschel, US-Israel Strategic Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: American Perspective, Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post, 1992, pp.129-130.
①Karen L. Puschel, US-Israel Strategic Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: American Perspective, Jerusalem: The Jerusalem Post, 1992, pp.135-136.
②达巍、李莉:《试析美国“改造中东”战略及其限度》,载《现代国际关系》,2003年第9期,第16页。
③王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第14页。
①Arye Naor,“Hawks’Beaks, Doves’Feathers: Likud Prime Ministers between Ideology and Reality”, Israel studies, Vol. 10, No. 3, p.170.
②Ibid., p.171.
③Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.252.
④Edgar O. Balance, The Palestinian Intifada, London: Macmillan Press, 1998, p.38.
⑤Howard M. Sachar, A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, p.960.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.242.
②Ibid., p.257.
③Ibid., pp.254-257
④Ibid., p.254.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.256.
②Ibid., p.268.
①Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.266.
②Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, p.218.
③Ibid., p.219.
①Elizabeth Stephens, Us Policy towards Israel: The Role of Political Culture in Defining the Special Relationship, Portland: Sussex Academic Press, 2006, pp.219-220.
②Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud, and the Zionist Dream: Power, Politics, and Ideology from Begin to Netanyahu, London: I.B. Tauris, 1995, p.276.
①杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,成都:四川人民出版社,1997年,第306页。
②同上,第307页。
③同上,第324页。
④同上,第326-327页。
①杨曼苏著:《以色列总理拉宾》,成都:四川人民出版社,1997年,第327-328页。
②王京烈:《美国中东政策的演变与发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1993年第4期,第15页。
①Benjamin Netanyahu, A Place among the Nations: Israel and the World, New York: Bantam, 1993, p.353.
②Yael S. Aronoff,“From Warfare to Withdrawal: the Legacy of Ariel Sharon”, Israel studies, Vol.15, No.2, p.157.
③Arye Naor,“Hawks’Beaks, Doves’Feathers: Likud Prime Ministers between Ideology and Reality”, Israel studies, Vol.10, No.3, p.177.
④Ibid., p.178.
①Guy Ben-Porat,“Netanyahu’s Second Coming: A Neoconservative Policy Paradigm?”Israel studies, Vol.10. No.3, p.236.
②Arye Naor,“Hawks’Beaks, Doves’Feathers: Likud Prime Ministers between Ideology and Reality”, Israel studies, Vol.10, No.3, p.180.
③Guy Ben-Porat,“Netanyahu’s Second Coming”, p.235.
④Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007, pp.20-21.
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007, p.26.
②叶国玲:《强硬的内塔尼亚胡,艰难的执政岁月》,载《当代世界》,1997年第2期,第23页。
③余建华:《1997:中东和平进程面临严重危机》,载《阿拉伯世界》,1998年第1期,第27页。
④Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine, p.27.
①叶国玲:《强硬的内塔尼亚胡,艰难的执政岁月》,载《当代世界》,1997年第2期,第23页。
②余建华:《1997:中东和平进程面临严重危机》,载《阿拉伯世界》,1998年第1期,第28页。
③同上,第28-29页。
①余建华:《1997:中东和平进程面临严重危机》,载《阿拉伯世界》,1998年第1期,第29-30页。
②同上,第31页。
③同上,第31-32页。
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007, pp.29-30.
②Ibid., p.32.
①万光:《希伯伦协议和巴以矛盾的新发展》,载《西亚非洲》,1997年第3期,第12页。
②赵宏图、李荣:《当前中东形势走向》,载《现代国际关系》,1998年第7期,第25页。
③《内塔尼亚胡成了“西方的萨达姆”》,载《当代世界》,1998年第1期,第27页。
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007. p.39.
②Ibid., pp.45-46.
③Ibid., p.50.
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener Pubishers, pp.50-53.
①赵伟明:《中东问题与美国中东政策》,北京:世界知识出版社,2006年版,第410页。
②马丽蓉:《反观九一一事件:对美国反恐战略的解读(上)》,载《西亚非洲》,2007年第9期,第6-7页。
①Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.294.
②王勇辉:《解读小布什时期美国大战略中的中东政策》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,2006年第4期,第16页。
③马丽蓉:《反观九一一事件:对美国反恐战略的解读(上)》,载《西亚非洲》,2007年第9期,第6页。
④《巴勒斯坦民族权利机构》,载http://baike.baidu.com/view/187830.htm?fr=ala0_1。
⑤(《以色列围困阿拉法特3年终愿放行,巴方予以拒绝》,载http://www.shm.com.cn/newscenter/2004-10/26/content_476228.htm。
①王勇辉:《解读小布什时期美国大战略中的中东政策》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,2006年第4期,第15页。
②同上,第16页。
③同上,第18页
①王勇辉:《解读小布什时期美国大战略中的中东政策》,载《阿拉伯世界研究》,2006年第4期,第19页。
②Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, pp.296-297.
③Ibid., p.305.
①孙德刚:《中东和平“路线图”浅析》,载《西亚非洲》,2004年第1期,第19页。
②Yael S. Aronoff,“From Warfare to Withdrawal: the Legacy of Ariel Sharon”, Israel studies, Vol.15, No.2, p.162.
③Ibid., p.163.
④Colin Shindler, A History of Modern Israel, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.319.
①Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine: Peace Plan from Oslo to Disengagement, Princeton: Markus Wiener Pubishers, 2007, pp.94-97.
②Colin Shindler, A history of Modern Israel, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, p.314.
③Galia Golan, Israel and Palestine, p.131.
④Ibid., pp.132-133.
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第6页。
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第6页。
②同上,第7页。
③《沙龙脑溢血牵动中东格局》,载《参考消息》,2006年1月6日第1版。
④Yael S. Aronoff,“From Warfare to Withdrawal: The Legacy of Ariel Sharon”, Israel studies, Vol.15, No.2, p.164.
①《奥尔默特首次发表政策演讲称以色列将继续推行单边路线》,载《参考消息》,2006年1月26日第2版。
②Jonathan Rynhold,“Peace and Security in the 2006 Election”, Israel Affairs, Vol.13, No.2, p.390.
③《奥尔默特称继续单边撤离哈马斯表示不会释放以士兵》,载《参考消息》,2006年7月11日第2版。
④《黎以局势剑拔弩张》,载《参考消息》,2006年7月13日第1版。
⑤《联合国军事观察员血洒黎巴嫩》,载《参考消息》,2006年7月27日第1版。
⑥《安南称以军忽视反复警告美阻挠安理会谴责以色列》,载《参考消息》,2006年7月28日第1版。
⑦《安理会授权在黎南部属联合国部队》,载《参考消息》,2006年8月13日第1版。
⑧《黎以终于实现停火》,载《参考消息》,2006年8月15日第2版。
⑨《哈马斯开出联合组阁条件以色列搁置单边行动计划》,载《参考消息》,2006年8月19日第2版。
①《巴以美准备举行三方会谈以色列要扩建西岸定居点》,载《参考消息》,2007年1月16日第2版。
②see Nathan J. Brown, Palestinian Politics after the Oslo Accords, London: University of California Press, 2003, pp.94-137.
③李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第9页。
④余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第9页。
①李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第5-6页。
②余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第9页;李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,第5-6页。
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第9页。
②同上。
③李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第7-8页。
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第10页。
②李荣、田文林:《美国在中东的战略困境及前景评估》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第7期,第7页。
①余国庆:《后沙龙时代以色列政局及对以巴关系的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第2期,第9页。
②同上,第10页。
③李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第9页。
④储昭根:《哈马斯上台,中东未必乱》,载人民网网站http://www.people.com.cn/GB/news/37454/37459/4111956.html。
①马丽蓉:《多向维度中的中东民主问题考量(上)》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第7期,第15页。
②李志芬:《哈马斯政策的变化及对巴勒斯坦政局的影响》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第2期,第9页。
③李荣、田文林:《美国在中东的战略困境及前景评估》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第7期,第7页。
④万光:《当今中东的新力量和新格局》,载《西亚非洲》,2008年第1期,第6页。
①朱建慧:《奥尔默特难脱政治泥淖》,载《瞭望》,2007年第20期,第56页。
②孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第5页。
①孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第5页。
②秦轩:《奥尔默特:拒绝失败》,载《中国新闻周刊》,2007年5月14日,第56页。
③2006年12月11日,奥尔默特在接受德国卫星电视一台采访时,将以色列与世界上拥有核武器的国家相提并论。参见刘中伟:《聚焦奥尔默特》,载《百科知识》(上),2007年第7期,第33页。
④孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,第8页。
⑤同上。
①孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第8-9页。
②Jim Rutenburg and Helene Cooper,“Lair Push Plan to End Mideast Fighting”, New York Times, July 29, 2006.
①孙德刚、赵伟明:《限战争理论与以色列在黎巴嫩的军事行动》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第9页。
②《以军空袭再造“加纳村惨案”》,http://finance1.jrj.com.cn/news/2006-07-31/000001564959.html。
③Helen Cooper,“Rice Says Mideast Cease-Fire Is within Reach”, New York Times, July 31, 2006.
①陆西亚:《美国中东政策调整与中东局势变化》,载《现代国际关系》,2008年第5期,第37页。
②《综合消息:中东和会在美举行,巴以双方将开始和谈》,载http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2007-11/28/content_7159360.htm。
①赵国忠:《美国在中东的军事存在及其战略企图》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第1期,第35页。
②同上,第36页。
③晓凡:《中东“大棋局”中的巴以和平》,载《当代世界》,2009年第4期,第24页。
①赵伟明:《挑战美国地位,重塑大国形象——俄罗斯对中东战略的变化与俄美关系》,载《西亚非洲》,2007年第7期,第33页。
②杨鸿玺、杨中强:《美国对中东战略与伊朗核问题的发展》,载《西亚非洲》,2007年第8期,第6页。
③赵伟明:《挑战美国地位,重塑大国形象》,第33-34页。
④马丽蓉:《多向维度中的中东民主问题考量(下)》,载《西亚非洲》,2006年第8期,第70页。
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