广州居民对亚运举办民生举措的知觉和满意度及其对凝聚力的影响
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摘要
本研究旨在通过采用自编的亚运社会效益知觉量表对亚运举办城市当地居民进行实证研究,验证广州亚运会举办背景下当地居民民生举措知觉和满意度与凝聚力等三者之间关系的理论模型假设,了解广州居民民生举措知觉和满意度及凝聚力的变化特征,挖掘出影响居民凝聚力的关键性因子,为政府今后科学办赛,实现体育惠民宗旨提供理论依据。基于文献分析和广州政府办赛中所采取的一系列民生举措,本研究采用文献资料法、数理统计法、调查法、追踪研究法等心理测量学方法,并注重质性研究和量化研究的有效结合,对广州居民的民生举措知觉和满意度及居民凝聚力的关系进行了一系列的实证研究,得到的主要结论如下：
1、所开发与设计的亚运背景下的居民民生举措知觉和满意度量表及居民凝聚力量表具有较好的信效度,有一定的推广价值。
2、居民在赛事举办中所知觉到的民生举措及其满意度是影响居民凝聚力的重要因素。
3、亚运前后当地居民的民生举措知觉存在差异,赛后知觉比赛前要高；亚运前后当地居民的民生满意度存在差异,赛后民生满意度比赛前要高；亚运前后居民凝聚力存在差异,赛后居民凝聚力比赛前要高
4、亚运举办下当地居民民生举措知觉和满意度在性别、年龄、文化程度、社会身份、家庭收入、婚姻状况、户籍性质等人口统计变量上存在差异。
5、亚运举办下,当地居民的凝聚力在年龄、户籍、地区、社会身份、文化程度、家庭收入等人口变量上的存在差异,在性别和婚姻变量上不存在显著差异。这说明,在研究赛事举办对居民凝聚力的影响中,要注重年龄、户籍、地区、社会身份、文化程度、家庭收入等人口变量因素,使得各个层面的大多数群体享受赛事举办带来的好处,从而增强他们的凝聚力。
6、在排除人口统计学变量的影响下,居民民生举措满意度与民生举措知觉、居民凝聚力之间呈两两相关关系。居民的民生举措知觉可以有效预测其民生举措满意度；居民的民生满意度对居民的民生举措知觉与凝聚力起到中介作用。这启迪人们,在今后的赛事举办中,要结合当地实际,加强能够提高当地居民民生举措满意度的项目的建设,特别是对民生举措知觉和居民凝聚力起中介作用的民生项目建设,使得当地居民的凝聚力在赛后较长时间内能够得以保持。
研究表明,居民的住房保障满意度、全民健身满意度、娱乐休闲满意度、民生服务满意度是居民凝聚力的主要预测源；居民的住房保障举措知觉,能源保障举措知觉,就业举措知觉、安全举措知觉是居民认同感和归属感的主要预测源；娱乐休闲满意度和生态环保满意度对居民凝聚力起到间接影响作用。民生举措满意度对娱乐休闲、生态环保、民生服务等举措知觉与认同感具有完全中介作用;民生举措满意度对就业、安全、娱乐休闲、生态环保、民生服务等举措知觉与归属感具有完全中介作用；居民民生举措满意度对全民健身、娱乐休闲、生态环保和民生服务等举措知觉与居民力量感具有完全中介作用。民生满意度对居民的就业保障举措知觉和安全保障举措知觉与居民认同感具有部分中介作用。
By the social benefit perception scale on Asian Games designed by myself,this research has carried out a empirical study for local residents,which aims at verifying the model assumption that construct the relationship among the perception and satisfaction of the local residents's livelihood initiatives and the cohesion with the context of the Guangzhou Asian Games held,and at grasping the changes trend in characteristics about the people's livelihood initiatives satisfaction, and perception,or cohesion, diging out the key factors which has deeply effection on residents' cohension, which purpose for helping the government to do the next game sciencely and providing a theoretical basis for bringing more benefits.
Based on literature analysis and a series of livelihood initiatives adopted by the Guangzhou government, the research used interviews, statistics, survey sampling and other psychometric methods and pay more attention to the effective integration between qualitative research and quantitative research, and has done a series of empirical studies on the residents in Guangzhou, and draws some main conclusions are as follows:
1, The design and development of people's livelihood measures and the satisfaction scale and the residents' cohesion scale in the context of Asian Games have good reliability and validity, and have some promotional value.
2, The residents perceived the people's livelihood meacures and the degree of satisfaction in the event is an important factor on the cohesion
3, The overall level, the cohesion level of the residents increase after the game, but the influence of the indicators which constitute the residents' cohesive evaluation on psychological structure is not consistent. Among which the Guangzhou Residents' sense of honor, security, intimacy, responsibility, conscious of people's livelihood, Guangzhou awareness, sportsmanship, Asian Games spiritual significance and other items have also play the important impact on the Coherence.
4, In the Asian Games holding, the sex, age, educational level, social status, family income, marital status, household nature of the differences in demographic variables reached significant levels on the perception of the local population's livelihood initiatives and satisfaction.
5, In the Asian Games holding, the age, residence, region, social status, educational level, family income and other demographic variables reached significant difference level on the local residents cohesion, the difference of gender and marital variables did not reach significant levels. Among them, in terms of regional differences, the sense of identity in Zengcheng District is higher than in Yuexiu District, Baiyun District, and Panyu District; Haizhu District higher than Panyu District. The sense of belonging in Zengcheng District is higher than Yuexiu District and Panyu District; Haizhu District higher than Yuexiu District and Panyu District. The sense of power in zengceng District andTianhe District are higher than Yuexiu District and Panyu District.
Social identity, the staff level, agricultural laborers and rural unemployed, unemployment, more than half of the unemployed sectors of the national identity and social class will be managers, strata managers, private entrepreneurs and higher professional and technical personnel; agricultural laborers and rural unemployed, unemployment, class identity than half of unemployed professional and technical personnel and business service sectors to high; sense of belonging to professional and technical personnel will be managers than the state and social classes, strata managers, private entrepreneurs must be high;the staff level, agricultural laborers and rural unemployed, unemployment, a sense of belonging than half of the unemployed sectors of countries and sectors of society will be managers, strata managers, private entrepreneurs and professionals higher levels; agricultural laborers and rural unemployed, unemployment, a sense of belonging than half of the unemployed sectors of individual business sectors, business services and industrial sectors of the working class people is higher. Individual business sectors, business services and industrial sectors of the working class people a sense of belonging to professional and technical personnel than the high, but lower than the staff level. The staff level and urban and rural unemployed, unemployment, a sense of power semi-unemployed sectors of society will be managers than the state level, managers class, private entrepreneurs and higher professional and technical personnel; business service sectors, industrial working class and sense of power of agricultural laborers state and private entrepreneurs, professional and technical personnel and individual business level to high, is lower than the staff level; urban jobless, unemployed, semi-unemployed class sense of power than individual business sectors commercial service and industrial sectors of the working class is higher.
In terms of education, primary education more than high school identification of residents, the University and residents of the following qualifications to be low. Sense of belonging among the residents of graduate education than the University and residents of the following higher; high school diploma and postgraduate degree the power of the residents a sense of residents in primary education than higher.
In terms of family economic status, family income of less than 5 million people in the sense of identity than the annual household income of 15 million or more,20 million and the following residents to be high.
In age, the age of 46 to 55 year-old resident of identity, belonging and sense of power than other age groups have a higher population.
6, the exclusion under the influence of demographic variables, satisfaction of residents with the livelihood of the people's livelihood initiatives to move between the perception and the residents were cohesive relationship between two. People's livelihood initiatives can effectively predict the perceived satisfaction of people's livelihood initiatives; people's livelihood livelihood satisfaction measures to the residents to play an intermediary role in perception and cohesion.
Studies show that residents of housing security satisfaction, satisfaction with fitness, entertainment, leisure satisfaction, satisfaction with public services is the main predictor of population cohesion; residents of housing security measures perception, perception of energy security initiatives, employment initiatives, perception, safety initiatives perceived sense of identity and belonging to the residents the main predictor; recreation and leisure satisfaction and satisfaction with environmental protection indirect effects on the residents to play the role of cohesion. Livelihood initiatives on the leisure satisfaction, environmental protection, public services and other initiatives to fully mediated by perceived role and identity; livelihood initiatives on employment satisfaction, safety, recreation, environmental protection, public services and other initiatives to fully mediated by perception and a sense of belonging effect; resident satisfaction livelihood initiatives fitness, recreation, ecological services, environmental initiatives and people's livelihood and the residents perceived sense of power with full medium. Livelihood of residents satisfaction with job security initiatives and security measures perceived perception and residents with some intermediary role identity.
1、所开发与设计的亚运背景下的居民民生举措知觉和满意度量表及居民凝聚力量表具有较好的信效度,有一定的推广价值。
2、居民在赛事举办中所知觉到的民生举措及其满意度是影响居民凝聚力的重要因素。
3、亚运前后当地居民的民生举措知觉存在差异,赛后知觉比赛前要高；亚运前后当地居民的民生满意度存在差异,赛后民生满意度比赛前要高；亚运前后居民凝聚力存在差异,赛后居民凝聚力比赛前要高
4、亚运举办下当地居民民生举措知觉和满意度在性别、年龄、文化程度、社会身份、家庭收入、婚姻状况、户籍性质等人口统计变量上存在差异。
5、亚运举办下,当地居民的凝聚力在年龄、户籍、地区、社会身份、文化程度、家庭收入等人口变量上的存在差异,在性别和婚姻变量上不存在显著差异。这说明,在研究赛事举办对居民凝聚力的影响中,要注重年龄、户籍、地区、社会身份、文化程度、家庭收入等人口变量因素,使得各个层面的大多数群体享受赛事举办带来的好处,从而增强他们的凝聚力。
6、在排除人口统计学变量的影响下,居民民生举措满意度与民生举措知觉、居民凝聚力之间呈两两相关关系。居民的民生举措知觉可以有效预测其民生举措满意度；居民的民生满意度对居民的民生举措知觉与凝聚力起到中介作用。这启迪人们,在今后的赛事举办中,要结合当地实际,加强能够提高当地居民民生举措满意度的项目的建设,特别是对民生举措知觉和居民凝聚力起中介作用的民生项目建设,使得当地居民的凝聚力在赛后较长时间内能够得以保持。
研究表明,居民的住房保障满意度、全民健身满意度、娱乐休闲满意度、民生服务满意度是居民凝聚力的主要预测源；居民的住房保障举措知觉,能源保障举措知觉,就业举措知觉、安全举措知觉是居民认同感和归属感的主要预测源；娱乐休闲满意度和生态环保满意度对居民凝聚力起到间接影响作用。民生举措满意度对娱乐休闲、生态环保、民生服务等举措知觉与认同感具有完全中介作用;民生举措满意度对就业、安全、娱乐休闲、生态环保、民生服务等举措知觉与归属感具有完全中介作用；居民民生举措满意度对全民健身、娱乐休闲、生态环保和民生服务等举措知觉与居民力量感具有完全中介作用。民生满意度对居民的就业保障举措知觉和安全保障举措知觉与居民认同感具有部分中介作用。
By the social benefit perception scale on Asian Games designed by myself,this research has carried out a empirical study for local residents,which aims at verifying the model assumption that construct the relationship among the perception and satisfaction of the local residents's livelihood initiatives and the cohesion with the context of the Guangzhou Asian Games held,and at grasping the changes trend in characteristics about the people's livelihood initiatives satisfaction, and perception,or cohesion, diging out the key factors which has deeply effection on residents' cohension, which purpose for helping the government to do the next game sciencely and providing a theoretical basis for bringing more benefits.
Based on literature analysis and a series of livelihood initiatives adopted by the Guangzhou government, the research used interviews, statistics, survey sampling and other psychometric methods and pay more attention to the effective integration between qualitative research and quantitative research, and has done a series of empirical studies on the residents in Guangzhou, and draws some main conclusions are as follows:
1, The design and development of people's livelihood measures and the satisfaction scale and the residents' cohesion scale in the context of Asian Games have good reliability and validity, and have some promotional value.
2, The residents perceived the people's livelihood meacures and the degree of satisfaction in the event is an important factor on the cohesion
3, The overall level, the cohesion level of the residents increase after the game, but the influence of the indicators which constitute the residents' cohesive evaluation on psychological structure is not consistent. Among which the Guangzhou Residents' sense of honor, security, intimacy, responsibility, conscious of people's livelihood, Guangzhou awareness, sportsmanship, Asian Games spiritual significance and other items have also play the important impact on the Coherence.
4, In the Asian Games holding, the sex, age, educational level, social status, family income, marital status, household nature of the differences in demographic variables reached significant levels on the perception of the local population's livelihood initiatives and satisfaction.
5, In the Asian Games holding, the age, residence, region, social status, educational level, family income and other demographic variables reached significant difference level on the local residents cohesion, the difference of gender and marital variables did not reach significant levels. Among them, in terms of regional differences, the sense of identity in Zengcheng District is higher than in Yuexiu District, Baiyun District, and Panyu District; Haizhu District higher than Panyu District. The sense of belonging in Zengcheng District is higher than Yuexiu District and Panyu District; Haizhu District higher than Yuexiu District and Panyu District. The sense of power in zengceng District andTianhe District are higher than Yuexiu District and Panyu District.
Social identity, the staff level, agricultural laborers and rural unemployed, unemployment, more than half of the unemployed sectors of the national identity and social class will be managers, strata managers, private entrepreneurs and higher professional and technical personnel; agricultural laborers and rural unemployed, unemployment, class identity than half of unemployed professional and technical personnel and business service sectors to high; sense of belonging to professional and technical personnel will be managers than the state and social classes, strata managers, private entrepreneurs must be high;the staff level, agricultural laborers and rural unemployed, unemployment, a sense of belonging than half of the unemployed sectors of countries and sectors of society will be managers, strata managers, private entrepreneurs and professionals higher levels; agricultural laborers and rural unemployed, unemployment, a sense of belonging than half of the unemployed sectors of individual business sectors, business services and industrial sectors of the working class people is higher. Individual business sectors, business services and industrial sectors of the working class people a sense of belonging to professional and technical personnel than the high, but lower than the staff level. The staff level and urban and rural unemployed, unemployment, a sense of power semi-unemployed sectors of society will be managers than the state level, managers class, private entrepreneurs and higher professional and technical personnel; business service sectors, industrial working class and sense of power of agricultural laborers state and private entrepreneurs, professional and technical personnel and individual business level to high, is lower than the staff level; urban jobless, unemployed, semi-unemployed class sense of power than individual business sectors commercial service and industrial sectors of the working class is higher.
In terms of education, primary education more than high school identification of residents, the University and residents of the following qualifications to be low. Sense of belonging among the residents of graduate education than the University and residents of the following higher; high school diploma and postgraduate degree the power of the residents a sense of residents in primary education than higher.
In terms of family economic status, family income of less than 5 million people in the sense of identity than the annual household income of 15 million or more,20 million and the following residents to be high.
In age, the age of 46 to 55 year-old resident of identity, belonging and sense of power than other age groups have a higher population.
6, the exclusion under the influence of demographic variables, satisfaction of residents with the livelihood of the people's livelihood initiatives to move between the perception and the residents were cohesive relationship between two. People's livelihood initiatives can effectively predict the perceived satisfaction of people's livelihood initiatives; people's livelihood livelihood satisfaction measures to the residents to play an intermediary role in perception and cohesion.
Studies show that residents of housing security satisfaction, satisfaction with fitness, entertainment, leisure satisfaction, satisfaction with public services is the main predictor of population cohesion; residents of housing security measures perception, perception of energy security initiatives, employment initiatives, perception, safety initiatives perceived sense of identity and belonging to the residents the main predictor; recreation and leisure satisfaction and satisfaction with environmental protection indirect effects on the residents to play the role of cohesion. Livelihood initiatives on the leisure satisfaction, environmental protection, public services and other initiatives to fully mediated by perceived role and identity; livelihood initiatives on employment satisfaction, safety, recreation, environmental protection, public services and other initiatives to fully mediated by perception and a sense of belonging effect; resident satisfaction livelihood initiatives fitness, recreation, ecological services, environmental initiatives and people's livelihood and the residents perceived sense of power with full medium. Livelihood of residents satisfaction with job security initiatives and security measures perceived perception and residents with some intermediary role identity.
引文
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[10]侯志武：论民生问题的时代性,理论导报,2008年第8期
[11]刘芳梅：苏平.奥运旅游对举办城市的综合效应,辽宁体育科技,2006年第1期.
[12]刘飞、杨建梅、关欣等：举办亚运会对广州经济和社会发展的影响,体育学刊,2005年第2期
[13]刘敬孝,杨晓莹等：国外群体凝聚力研究评介,国外经济与管理,2006年第3期
[14]刘书元,王智慧.大型体育赛事的举办对GNH的影响及相关测量指标体系的初步构建[J]北京体育大学学报,2007第12期
[15]刘彦：大型体育赛事对城市经济和社会发展的推动作用,南京体育学院学报,2008第3期
[16]马红宇.群体环境问卷的修订,北京体育大学学报,2008年第3期
[17]米庆成：进城农民工的归属感问题探析,青年研究,2004年第3期
[17]沈建华：肖峰.大型体育赛事对城市形象的塑造,沈阳体育学院学报,2004年第6期
[19]唐眉江：民生的时代内涵及其实现途径,山西师大学报(社会科学版),2009年第9期
[20]唐晓彤：大型国际体育赛事对社会发展的波及效应,广州体育学院学报,2007年
[21]唐子畏：影响群体凝聚力的心理因素,湖南师范大学社会科学学报,1990第8期
[22]王科峰等：举办北京奥运会的社会效益评价研究,沈阳体育学院学报,2009第8期
[23]王明黔：应当重视企业集团社会效益评价问题,贵州社会科学,2000年第6期
[24]王守恒：体育赛事的界定及分类,首都体育学院,2005年第2期
[25]吴强等：大型体育赛事疾病预防控制保障工作初探,预防医学论坛,2008年第1期
[26]吴文元：王志成.大型体育赛事对城市旅游业的影响,体育成人教育学刊,2006年第1期
[27]徐伟等：体育赛事基本理论研究,吉林体育学院学报,2006第2期
[28]杨国华等：2010亚运会对广州可持续发展的影响,城市环境与生态,2006第2期
[29]易剑东：大型赛事对中国经济和社会发展的影响论纲,山东体育学院学报,2005年第6期
[30]张彬等：浅谈民生问题的涵义和本质,法制与社会,2009年第11期
[31]张新萍等：大型体育赛事综合影响研究的若干问题探讨.山东体育科技,2009第9期
[32]章建成等：北京奥运会增强五大城市成年人凝聚力的研究,体育科学,2008年第5期
[33]Zhang xiancheng, Wang bin. A review of organizational communications [R] Conference article 2009
[1]2007年政府工作报告http://news.dichan.sina.com.cn/2010/03/01/127708.html
[2]2009广州民生蓝皮书,信息时报,2008-12-23
[3]24亿改善空气迎亚运环保部官员赞空气清洁,广州日报,2010-07-22
[3]24亿改善空气迎亚运环保部官员赞空气清洁,广州日报.2010-07-22 http://www.ce.cn/bjnews/zhengzhi/news/200801/19/t20080119_14288096.shtml
[4]奥运和民生问题要办好刘淇会见市政协港澳委员
[5]保亚运食品安全广州引进1900万元监测仪器,广州日报.2010-07-24
[6]保亚运食品安全广州引进1900万元监测仪器,广州日报.2010-07-24
[7]慈鑫：竞争日趋白热化,负面评价挡不住中国各地申办全运会,中国青年报,2011-01-17
[8]邓仲谋.亚运为广州新增30万就业岗位10万年薪招聘保安,广州日报.2010-08-16
[9]官员为亚运扰民作揖道歉,市民高呼拯救广州；
[10]http://2010.163.com/10/0122/09/5TKFNMOU00863AUC.html
[11]广州政府工作报告列民生十件事就业排第一,广州日报,2010年04月13日
[12]广州政府工作报告列民生十件事就业排第一,广州日报,2010年04月13日
[13]郭尧：明日民生论坛议题：学校开放体育设施,羊城晚报.2010-07-09
[14]胡锦涛在党的十七大上的报告http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2007-10/24/content_6938568
[15]花岗岩路基被叫停“口罩男”助广州省五千万,http://2010.163.com/10/0123/08/5TMTJTGD00863AUC.html
[16]黄华华到广州市检查迎亚运人居环境综合整治情况,广东省政府网,2010-07-23
[17]黄华华到广州市检查迎亚运人居环境综合整治情况,广东省政府网,2010-07-23
[18]简文豪三鞠躬,请企业文明施工：不要把好事变坏事,金羊网.2010-02-02
[19]十七大报告提出民生问题做到了两个符合,http://news.qq.com/a/20071218/003327.htm
[20]许立群.刘鹏：体育要坚持举国体制“劳民伤财说太荒诞”,人民日报,2008-09-06,
[21]亚运场馆医疗服务全免费解观众后顾之忧,南方日报网络版,2010-06-10
[22]严厉整治“地沟油”严惩顶风作案确保亚运食品安全,广东省政府网站,2010-04-20
[23]一座亚运之城的阵痛与新生,南方日报,2010-04-27
[24]迎亚运广州番禺区侨务部门举办英语培训班,中国新闻网(北京)2010-07-16
[25]迎亚运,学英语：办“亚运培训”促群众就业, 教育客服,2009-09-18
[26]粤办亚运改善民生,澳门日报,2010-10-07,
[27]粤闽签订警务协作协议对实现”平安亚运”具有重要意义,南方日报,2010-05-31
[28]张广宁:2010年4月12日在广州市第十三届人民代表大会第五次会议上的讲话,广州日报,2010-04-19
[29]中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定,http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2006-10/18/
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①2009广州民生蓝皮书,信息时报,2008-12-23
②广州政府工作报告列民生十件事就业排第一,广州日报,2010-04-13
③关正春等：型体育赛事对城市发展的影响,理论界,2007,10,122-123
④粤闽签订警务协作协议对实现“平安亚运”具有重要意义,南方日报网络版,2010-05-31
⑤严厉整治”地沟油”严惩顶风作案确保亚运食品安全,广东省政府网.2010-04-20
①保亚运食品安全广州引进1900万元监测仪器,广州日报.2010-07-24
②24亿改善空气迎亚运环保部官员赞空气清洁,广州日报.2010-07-22
③黄华华到广州市检查迎亚运人居环境综合整治情况,广东省政府网.2010-07-23
④郭尧.明日民生论坛议题：学校开放体育设施,羊城晚报,2010-07-09
①亚运场馆医疗服务全免费 解观众后顾之忧,南方日报网络版,2010-06-10
②简文豪三鞠躬请企业文明施工：不要把好事变坏事,金羊网.2010-02-02
①刘国新,论中国发展道路和发展模式中的制度安排,人民网,2009-01-16,http://theory.people.com.cn/GB/41038/8687093.html
②吴忠民.十七大报告提出民生问题做到两个符合, http://news.sohu.com/20071218/n254152994.shtml
①柳礼泉.新中国民生60年,湖南大学出版社,2009年9月第一版,P22
① Robby政府工作报告：今年广州将办十件民生大实事,http://news.ycwb.com/2010-04/13/content_2488209_3.htm
① Carron, A. V.Widmeyer, W. N.,& Brawley, L. R. The development of an instrument to assess cohesion in sport teams:The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology,1985,7:244-266.
①李洪涛等人.居民的社区满意度及其对社会归属感的影响——对武汉市411位居民的调查与分析.硕士学位论文,华中科技大学,2007年
②章建成、金亚虹、司虎克、周成林、张春华、金学斌等.北京奥运会增强五大城市成年人凝聚力的研究,体育科学,2008(第28卷)第5期
①马红宇.群体环境问卷的修订,北京体育大学学报,2008年第3期,P339-342
①肖思思.中国制造LED灯光耀亚运会,中国军网,2010-11-03http://chn.chinamil.com.cn/xwpdxw/kjxwxw/2010-11/03/content_4327334.htm
②简文豪三鞠躬请企业文明施工：不要把好事变坏事,金羊网.2010-02-02
①花岗岩路基被叫停“口罩男”助广州省五千万,http://2010.163.com/10/0123/08/5TMTJTGD00863AUC.html
②官员为亚运扰民作揖道歉,市民高呼拯救广州；http://2010.163.com/10/0122/09/5TKFNMOU00863AUC.html
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[1]毕明星：周巍.如何衡量民生质量——以青岛市为例,中国统计,2006年第52期
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[9]阂新亚.2003年五城会对推动长沙城市建设现代化水平及市场化运作的分析[J],安徽体育科技,2005第3期
[10]侯志武：论民生问题的时代性,理论导报,2008年第8期
[11]刘芳梅：苏平.奥运旅游对举办城市的综合效应,辽宁体育科技,2006年第1期.
[12]刘飞、杨建梅、关欣等：举办亚运会对广州经济和社会发展的影响,体育学刊,2005年第2期
[13]刘敬孝,杨晓莹等：国外群体凝聚力研究评介,国外经济与管理,2006年第3期
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[15]刘彦：大型体育赛事对城市经济和社会发展的推动作用,南京体育学院学报,2008第3期
[16]马红宇.群体环境问卷的修订,北京体育大学学报,2008年第3期
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[17]沈建华：肖峰.大型体育赛事对城市形象的塑造,沈阳体育学院学报,2004年第6期
[19]唐眉江：民生的时代内涵及其实现途径,山西师大学报(社会科学版),2009年第9期
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[22]王科峰等：举办北京奥运会的社会效益评价研究,沈阳体育学院学报,2009第8期
[23]王明黔：应当重视企业集团社会效益评价问题,贵州社会科学,2000年第6期
[24]王守恒：体育赛事的界定及分类,首都体育学院,2005年第2期
[25]吴强等：大型体育赛事疾病预防控制保障工作初探,预防医学论坛,2008年第1期
[26]吴文元：王志成.大型体育赛事对城市旅游业的影响,体育成人教育学刊,2006年第1期
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[28]杨国华等：2010亚运会对广州可持续发展的影响,城市环境与生态,2006第2期
[29]易剑东：大型赛事对中国经济和社会发展的影响论纲,山东体育学院学报,2005年第6期
[30]张彬等：浅谈民生问题的涵义和本质,法制与社会,2009年第11期
[31]张新萍等：大型体育赛事综合影响研究的若干问题探讨.山东体育科技,2009第9期
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[33]Zhang xiancheng, Wang bin. A review of organizational communications [R] Conference article 2009
[1]2007年政府工作报告http://news.dichan.sina.com.cn/2010/03/01/127708.html
[2]2009广州民生蓝皮书,信息时报,2008-12-23
[3]24亿改善空气迎亚运环保部官员赞空气清洁,广州日报,2010-07-22
[3]24亿改善空气迎亚运环保部官员赞空气清洁,广州日报.2010-07-22 http://www.ce.cn/bjnews/zhengzhi/news/200801/19/t20080119_14288096.shtml
[4]奥运和民生问题要办好刘淇会见市政协港澳委员
[5]保亚运食品安全广州引进1900万元监测仪器,广州日报.2010-07-24
[6]保亚运食品安全广州引进1900万元监测仪器,广州日报.2010-07-24
[7]慈鑫：竞争日趋白热化,负面评价挡不住中国各地申办全运会,中国青年报,2011-01-17
[8]邓仲谋.亚运为广州新增30万就业岗位10万年薪招聘保安,广州日报.2010-08-16
[9]官员为亚运扰民作揖道歉,市民高呼拯救广州；
[10]http://2010.163.com/10/0122/09/5TKFNMOU00863AUC.html
[11]广州政府工作报告列民生十件事就业排第一,广州日报,2010年04月13日
[12]广州政府工作报告列民生十件事就业排第一,广州日报,2010年04月13日
[13]郭尧：明日民生论坛议题：学校开放体育设施,羊城晚报.2010-07-09
[14]胡锦涛在党的十七大上的报告http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2007-10/24/content_6938568
[15]花岗岩路基被叫停“口罩男”助广州省五千万,http://2010.163.com/10/0123/08/5TMTJTGD00863AUC.html
[16]黄华华到广州市检查迎亚运人居环境综合整治情况,广东省政府网,2010-07-23
[17]黄华华到广州市检查迎亚运人居环境综合整治情况,广东省政府网,2010-07-23
[18]简文豪三鞠躬,请企业文明施工：不要把好事变坏事,金羊网.2010-02-02
[19]十七大报告提出民生问题做到了两个符合,http://news.qq.com/a/20071218/003327.htm
[20]许立群.刘鹏：体育要坚持举国体制“劳民伤财说太荒诞”,人民日报,2008-09-06,
[21]亚运场馆医疗服务全免费解观众后顾之忧,南方日报网络版,2010-06-10
[22]严厉整治“地沟油”严惩顶风作案确保亚运食品安全,广东省政府网站,2010-04-20
[23]一座亚运之城的阵痛与新生,南方日报,2010-04-27
[24]迎亚运广州番禺区侨务部门举办英语培训班,中国新闻网(北京)2010-07-16
[25]迎亚运,学英语：办“亚运培训”促群众就业, 教育客服,2009-09-18
[26]粤办亚运改善民生,澳门日报,2010-10-07,
[27]粤闽签订警务协作协议对实现”平安亚运”具有重要意义,南方日报,2010-05-31
[28]张广宁:2010年4月12日在广州市第十三届人民代表大会第五次会议上的讲话,广州日报,2010-04-19
[29]中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定,http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2006-10/18/
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