推行BPR，防范与控制民航维修人为差错
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摘要
民航维修企业承受着飞行安全与经济效益的双重压力。安全第一，安全是民航维修企业的生命线，是经济效益的前提和保障。国际航空运输协会(IATA)统计，所有飞行事故的80％都与人的不安全行为有关。“人的不安全行为”在航空器采用的术语是“人为差错”，指人的行为明显偏离了预定的、要求的或希望的标准导致不希望的时间拖延、困难、问题、麻烦、意外事件或事故。并不特指“人为”主观故意造成。墨菲(Murphy)定律证明了任何事只要有出错的可能，就一定有人做错。因此，如何在维修活动中防范与控制人为差错就成了全世界民航维修界永恒的难题和持续关注的热点。
以波音公司MEDA(维修差错判断辅助程序)为代表的人为差错研究指出大部分诱因与管理有关，改善管理可以防范与控制人为差错。缺乏应用系统的管理科学方法指导管理改善的实践造成防范与控制人为差错工作没有突破性进展。BPR(企业流程再造)是一项战略性企业再造工程，涉及业务流程、组织结构，企业战略，企业文化，人力资源等诸多方面。应用BPR思想，以人为差错为中心进行管理创新是本文对防范与控制人为差错工作的全新探索。
本文旨在以人为差错理论为指导，全面推行BPR思想，通过流程再造为核心的管理创新而不是只改变个体行为来实现差错减少、差错捕获、差错包容的目标。
Aircrafts maintenance enterprises are undertaking two fold of pressure in terms of flight safety and profit performance. Safety first is the foundation for these enterprises to survive, which in turn is the premise and assurance for profit gathering. According to International Aviation Transportation Association (IATA) statistics, 80 percent of civil aviation flight accidents are now attributed to human unsafely factors. These factors are defined as "Human Error" in aviation field which means undesirable events like time delay, problem, issue and trouble caused by predefined, required or expected standard not being strictly processed by people. Although these human errors are not caused in purpose, Murphy Law has proved that "if anything can do wrong, it will.". Therefore, preventing and controlling human error is becoming an everlasting problem and hot topic for global civil aviation maintenance.
Human error researches like Boeing's MEDA (Maintenance Error Decision Aid) has pinpointed that most of reasons related to poor management and then improving it could achieve error reduction and controlling. In fact, it is the reason that lacking scientific managing method for application system which could guide the practice of management improving leads to lacking breakthrough progresses for preventing and controlling human error. BPR (Business Process Reengineering) is a strategic engineering for enterprise, covering enterprise service process, structure ,strategy, culture ,human resource and so forth. By applying BPR theory, this article will do
some new research about implementation management reconstruction focus on human error to achieve error preventing and controlling.
This article aim at promoting BPR thoughts based on humam error theory. Through management reform concentrating on process reengineering other than just individual performance enhancement, error reduction, capture and redundancy can be achieved.
以波音公司MEDA(维修差错判断辅助程序)为代表的人为差错研究指出大部分诱因与管理有关，改善管理可以防范与控制人为差错。缺乏应用系统的管理科学方法指导管理改善的实践造成防范与控制人为差错工作没有突破性进展。BPR(企业流程再造)是一项战略性企业再造工程，涉及业务流程、组织结构，企业战略，企业文化，人力资源等诸多方面。应用BPR思想，以人为差错为中心进行管理创新是本文对防范与控制人为差错工作的全新探索。
本文旨在以人为差错理论为指导，全面推行BPR思想，通过流程再造为核心的管理创新而不是只改变个体行为来实现差错减少、差错捕获、差错包容的目标。
Aircrafts maintenance enterprises are undertaking two fold of pressure in terms of flight safety and profit performance. Safety first is the foundation for these enterprises to survive, which in turn is the premise and assurance for profit gathering. According to International Aviation Transportation Association (IATA) statistics, 80 percent of civil aviation flight accidents are now attributed to human unsafely factors. These factors are defined as "Human Error" in aviation field which means undesirable events like time delay, problem, issue and trouble caused by predefined, required or expected standard not being strictly processed by people. Although these human errors are not caused in purpose, Murphy Law has proved that "if anything can do wrong, it will.". Therefore, preventing and controlling human error is becoming an everlasting problem and hot topic for global civil aviation maintenance.
Human error researches like Boeing's MEDA (Maintenance Error Decision Aid) has pinpointed that most of reasons related to poor management and then improving it could achieve error reduction and controlling. In fact, it is the reason that lacking scientific managing method for application system which could guide the practice of management improving leads to lacking breakthrough progresses for preventing and controlling human error. BPR (Business Process Reengineering) is a strategic engineering for enterprise, covering enterprise service process, structure ,strategy, culture ,human resource and so forth. By applying BPR theory, this article will do
some new research about implementation management reconstruction focus on human error to achieve error preventing and controlling.
This article aim at promoting BPR thoughts based on humam error theory. Through management reform concentrating on process reengineering other than just individual performance enhancement, error reduction, capture and redundancy can be achieved.
引文
[1] 人为因素．北京：中国民用航空总局适航司．2001．
[2] 中国民航总局规章汇编．北京：中国民航总局政策法规司．2001．
[3] 民用航空飞行事故汇编1-5册．北京：中国民用航空总局编印．
[4] 陈佳贵．企业再造-重组企业的业务流程．广东：广东经济出版社．2000．
[5] 朱祖平．变革管理．北京：经济科学出版社．2001．
[6] 芮明杰．再造流程．浙江：浙江人民出社．1997．
[7] 斯蒂芬．P．罗宾斯．组织行为学(第七版)．北京：中国人民大学出版社．1997．
[8] 弗雷德．R．戴维 李光宁 译．战略管理(第八版)．北京：经济科学出版社．2001．
[9] 周国华 井润田 叶成炯等．生产与运作管理．成都：西南交通大学出版社．2002．
[10] 张永生．民用航空维修工程管理概论．北京：中国民航出版社．1999．
[11] 王再兴．民用航空器外场维修．北京：中国民航出版社．2000．
[12] 史蒂芬．柯维．与领导有约．台北：天下远见出版股份有限公司．1998．
[13] 李洪芬．研究人为因素，减少维修差错，保证航空安全．适航与维修．1999，(1)：8～12
[14] 曾志钦．人为因素的开发与管理．适航与维修．1999，(1)：49～50
[15] 原思玉．人为因素与航空安全．适航与维修．1999，(1)：13
[16] 樊军编译．MEDA(Haintenance Error Decision Aid)，维修差错判断辅助程序．适航与维修．1999，(1)：59～60
[17] Michael Hammer.发现流程之旅。http://www.hiwincn.com/publication42. html
[18] http://www. gztianhong.com. cn/qiyeinfo/lesson/bpr/index.html
[19] FAR145-维修单位许可审定的规定．中国民航出版社．1994
[20] CCAR145-维修单位许可审定的规定．中国民航出版社．1996
[21] 中国民用航空行业标准(MH3145.5—1996)．中国民航出版社．1996
[22] 宋伟．新技术革命与企业组织结构创新．四川大学出版社 2002
[2] 中国民航总局规章汇编．北京：中国民航总局政策法规司．2001．
[3] 民用航空飞行事故汇编1-5册．北京：中国民用航空总局编印．
[4] 陈佳贵．企业再造-重组企业的业务流程．广东：广东经济出版社．2000．
[5] 朱祖平．变革管理．北京：经济科学出版社．2001．
[6] 芮明杰．再造流程．浙江：浙江人民出社．1997．
[7] 斯蒂芬．P．罗宾斯．组织行为学(第七版)．北京：中国人民大学出版社．1997．
[8] 弗雷德．R．戴维 李光宁 译．战略管理(第八版)．北京：经济科学出版社．2001．
[9] 周国华 井润田 叶成炯等．生产与运作管理．成都：西南交通大学出版社．2002．
[10] 张永生．民用航空维修工程管理概论．北京：中国民航出版社．1999．
[11] 王再兴．民用航空器外场维修．北京：中国民航出版社．2000．
[12] 史蒂芬．柯维．与领导有约．台北：天下远见出版股份有限公司．1998．
[13] 李洪芬．研究人为因素，减少维修差错，保证航空安全．适航与维修．1999，(1)：8～12
[14] 曾志钦．人为因素的开发与管理．适航与维修．1999，(1)：49～50
[15] 原思玉．人为因素与航空安全．适航与维修．1999，(1)：13
[16] 樊军编译．MEDA(Haintenance Error Decision Aid)，维修差错判断辅助程序．适航与维修．1999，(1)：59～60
[17] Michael Hammer.发现流程之旅。http://www.hiwincn.com/publication42. html
[18] http://www. gztianhong.com. cn/qiyeinfo/lesson/bpr/index.html
[19] FAR145-维修单位许可审定的规定．中国民航出版社．1994
[20] CCAR145-维修单位许可审定的规定．中国民航出版社．1996
[21] 中国民用航空行业标准(MH3145.5—1996)．中国民航出版社．1996
[22] 宋伟．新技术革命与企业组织结构创新．四川大学出版社 2002