船舶维修策略研究及系统开发
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摘要
维修作业是人类一项历史悠久的生产活动。由于世界技术革命的影响，新技术、新工艺不断涌现。特别是近年来微电子技术、通讯技术的飞速发展，导致企业中所用设备发生了巨大的变化，其机械化、自动化程度急剧上升，高精度、微电脑自动检测与控制等方面的技术更加日新月异，层出不穷。因此，对设备维修活动所涉及的人员素质、维修装备、维修策略、维修计划、维修费用等方面都提出了新的严峻的挑战。
多年来，我国交通部门在船舶维修管理方面一直沿袭原苏联五十年代所推行的一套传统的管理模式，该模式在维修方式上采用以工作时间为基础的计划预防维修制，这种维修制度显然已不能适应工业交通事业发展的需要，必须研究以可靠性维修为中心的新的维修策略。采用设备管理工程学及运筹学的有关理论、方法，以确保系统综合维修管理费用最低为原则，对整个维修管理对象按设备、总成预以分类，分别实施不同的维修方式。由于设备分类、最佳维修周期求解或预测、决策分析处理，都将涉及大量复杂的信息，要想从中获取对实施维修有指导意义的结论，仍采用老式的经验判断是不够的，必须利用现代的信息分析、处理及推理方法，广泛收集该领域专家的经验、知识，建立相应的知识库、数据库、模型库、推理机等，借助计算机完成设备的综合维修决策，实现对这一系统具有真正价值的维修指导。
本文通过大量资料收集和整理，提出了针对船舶修理的维修策略，运用运筹学的方法对维修生产过程进行了规划和控制，同时运用计算机语言编制了基于网络的维修决策支持系统。其主要内容如下：
1、在总结和归纳我国船舶维修保养制度的前提下，提出了将CWBT和视情维修有机结合的船舶维修策略，讨论了基于该维修策略的维修决策支持系统。
2、运用运筹学理论中的网络计划技术，对维修过程进行规划和优化。针对实船绘制了修理网络图。
3、运用计算机编程语言编制了基于网络的维修决策支持系统。
Maintenance is an old-line human production activity. As to the influence of the world technology revolution, new technology and new technique well up incessantly, especially microelectronics technology and communication technology develop rapidly recently. As a result, it makes the equipments of the enterprises changed greatly, the mechanization degree and autoimmunization degree improve rapidly, and the highly precise technology of the microcomputer automatism inspection and control changes quickly. So the personnel diathesis, maintenance equipment, maintenance strategy, maintenance plan and maintenance fare involved in maintenance activity is austerely challenged.
For many years, the marine maintenance management methods of our country is similar with the former Soviet Union, which is schedule maintenance based on the operating time. With the development of the society, the strategy can not satisfy with the requirement. The best choice is the RCM. In order to ensure the lowest cost, using the methods of the plant management and operational research theory realize the maintenance according to the classification of the plant. Because of the data which associated with the classification, optimized maintenance cycle, maintenance decision is very much, we must setup the plant maintenance decision support system which includes knowledge database, database, model database, and reasoning mechanism based on the using of the modern information analysis and collection of the experience and knowledge of the experts.
The paper brings forward the maintenance strategy to the ship maintenance
by collecting and cleaning up a large of information. And it programs and controls the process of the maintenance and production by using operational research. At the same time it programs the decision support system based on network in computer language. The mostly contents are as follows:
1. It brings forward the ship maintenance strategy, which combines the CWBT and condition monitoring maintenance, and it discusses the maintenance decision support system on the maintenance strategy by summarizing Chinese ship maintenance system.
2. It programs and optimizes the maintenance process by using the network plan method of operational research. And it draws maintenance network map according to the real ship.
3. It programs the maintenance decision support system based on network in computer language.
多年来，我国交通部门在船舶维修管理方面一直沿袭原苏联五十年代所推行的一套传统的管理模式，该模式在维修方式上采用以工作时间为基础的计划预防维修制，这种维修制度显然已不能适应工业交通事业发展的需要，必须研究以可靠性维修为中心的新的维修策略。采用设备管理工程学及运筹学的有关理论、方法，以确保系统综合维修管理费用最低为原则，对整个维修管理对象按设备、总成预以分类，分别实施不同的维修方式。由于设备分类、最佳维修周期求解或预测、决策分析处理，都将涉及大量复杂的信息，要想从中获取对实施维修有指导意义的结论，仍采用老式的经验判断是不够的，必须利用现代的信息分析、处理及推理方法，广泛收集该领域专家的经验、知识，建立相应的知识库、数据库、模型库、推理机等，借助计算机完成设备的综合维修决策，实现对这一系统具有真正价值的维修指导。
本文通过大量资料收集和整理，提出了针对船舶修理的维修策略，运用运筹学的方法对维修生产过程进行了规划和控制，同时运用计算机语言编制了基于网络的维修决策支持系统。其主要内容如下：
1、在总结和归纳我国船舶维修保养制度的前提下，提出了将CWBT和视情维修有机结合的船舶维修策略，讨论了基于该维修策略的维修决策支持系统。
2、运用运筹学理论中的网络计划技术，对维修过程进行规划和优化。针对实船绘制了修理网络图。
3、运用计算机编程语言编制了基于网络的维修决策支持系统。
Maintenance is an old-line human production activity. As to the influence of the world technology revolution, new technology and new technique well up incessantly, especially microelectronics technology and communication technology develop rapidly recently. As a result, it makes the equipments of the enterprises changed greatly, the mechanization degree and autoimmunization degree improve rapidly, and the highly precise technology of the microcomputer automatism inspection and control changes quickly. So the personnel diathesis, maintenance equipment, maintenance strategy, maintenance plan and maintenance fare involved in maintenance activity is austerely challenged.
For many years, the marine maintenance management methods of our country is similar with the former Soviet Union, which is schedule maintenance based on the operating time. With the development of the society, the strategy can not satisfy with the requirement. The best choice is the RCM. In order to ensure the lowest cost, using the methods of the plant management and operational research theory realize the maintenance according to the classification of the plant. Because of the data which associated with the classification, optimized maintenance cycle, maintenance decision is very much, we must setup the plant maintenance decision support system which includes knowledge database, database, model database, and reasoning mechanism based on the using of the modern information analysis and collection of the experience and knowledge of the experts.
The paper brings forward the maintenance strategy to the ship maintenance
by collecting and cleaning up a large of information. And it programs and controls the process of the maintenance and production by using operational research. At the same time it programs the decision support system based on network in computer language. The mostly contents are as follows:
1. It brings forward the ship maintenance strategy, which combines the CWBT and condition monitoring maintenance, and it discusses the maintenance decision support system on the maintenance strategy by summarizing Chinese ship maintenance system.
2. It programs and optimizes the maintenance process by using the network plan method of operational research. And it draws maintenance network map according to the real ship.
3. It programs the maintenance decision support system based on network in computer language.
引文
[1] 甘茂治等著，军用装备维修工程学，北京，国防工业出版社，1999
[2] 王世泽等编著，电子机械可靠性与维修性，北京，清华大学出版社，2000
[3] J·莫布雷著[美]，以可靠性为中心维修，北京，机械工业出版社，1991
[4] 万小鹏等，民航维修企业并行工程应用初探，航空工程与维修，2000(2)P15-17
[5] 黄昭毅等，设备诊断技术是维修工程基有活力的高新科技，中国机械工程，Vol．12，No．3，2001(3)P361-364
[6] 李宗吉等，武器装备系统效能评估的几种方法，海军工程大学学报，Vol．90，2001(1)P97-101
[7] 孙斌等，设备重要维修项目视情工作的间隔时间确定，海军工程大学学报，Vol．90，2001(1)P102-105
[8] 吴正勇，军用飞机综合后勤保障工程的应用，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P15-18
[9] 阮镰，可靠性、安全性、维修性测试性保障性CAD与并行工程，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P21-24
[10]金家善等，用于修理级别分析的费用模型开发，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P30-33
[11] 于永利等，维修性可视化设计分析技术现状与发展趋势，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P41-44
[12] 杨为民等，21世纪初装备可靠性维修性保障性工程为发展框架研究，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P45-48
[13] 张金玉等，复杂设备的模糊综合诊断理论的算法，Vol．11，No．7，2000(7)P783—787
[14] 孙进康等，考虑维修时机械可靠性的统计分析方法，机械设计与制造工程，Vol．29，No．2，2000(3)P70-73
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[18] Guo Qi Li Jingao, Maintenance Models about A Plant of Three states, International of Plant Engineering and Management Vol.2, No.2, 1997 (6) P98-104
[19] Hongzhou Wang, Hoang Phan, Optimum Maintenance and Availability of Series System Subject to Imperfect, International of Plant Engineering and Management Vol.2, No.3, 1997(9) P181-184
[20] 赵全仁等，建立装备技术保障学若干问题的思考，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P17-20
[21] 孙书鸿，关于装备保障学科发展的思考，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P24-28
[22] 王桂娣等，武器装备维修理论体系建设思考，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P28-36
[23] 鲍承昌，新世纪舰船维修构想，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P33-36
[24] 冯兵，机械系统维修性设计综合评估方法研究，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P37-45
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[27] 范世东，设备针对性维修策略及应用研究，大连海事大学，博士论文，1996
[28] Sandy Dunn, Reinventing The maintenance Process, 1998, http://www.Maintenanceresources.com
[29] Sandy Dunn, Optimising Production Scheduling for maximum Plant Utilization and Minimum Downtime, 1997, http://www.Maintenanceresources.com
[30] Product Description, http://www.wicat.com
[31] Virtual Aircraft Maintenance, http://www.bdi.com
[32] Virtual Maintenance Trainer, http://www.rti.org
[33] Celestine A.Ntuen & Eui H.Park, Simulation of Cren Size Requirement in a Maintained Reliability System, Computer & Industrial Engineering 37(1999) 219-222
[34] Joel Levitt, Making PM Really work for you, http://www.maintenanceresourec.com
[35] Sandy Dunn, maintenance outsourcing-critical Issues, http://www.maintenanceresourec.Com
[36] Sandy Dunn, Implementing a Computerized Maintenance Management System, http://www.maintenanceresourec.com
[37] Sandy Dunn, Best Practice Maintenance Strategies for Mobile Equipment, http://www.maintenanceresourec.com
[38] Bryan weir, Computerized Maintenance Management Systems, http://www.Plant-maintenance.com
[39] Compressed Air Safty Nets: A Guide To Predictive Maintenance Programs, http://air.ingersoll-rand.com
[40] The importance of predictive maintenance, http://www.newsteel.com
[41] Turgut Allchmanli, Implementing RCM to SAP R3, http://www.ctaconsulting.com.an
[42] Outsourcing Virtual Maintenance, http://www.fluor-om.com
[43] John Moubray, RCM. Ⅱ, http://www.fluor-om.com
[44] C.G.Vassiliadis, Maintenance scheduling and process optimization under uncertainty, computers and chemical Engineering, 25 (2001) 217-236
[45] Antonino Gomes de sa, Virtual reality as a tool for verification of assembly and main tenance process, computer & Graphics, 23 (1999) 389-403
[46] F.Andritsos, Simulation and experimental validation of first wall/blanket assembly and maintenance for the next step fusion reactor, Fusion Engineering and Design 42 (1998) 473-484
[47] N.C.Do, Consraint Maintenance in Engineering Design System: An Active Object-Oriented Approach, Computers and. Engineering Vol.33, No3-4, P643-647, 1997
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[2] 王世泽等编著，电子机械可靠性与维修性，北京，清华大学出版社，2000
[3] J·莫布雷著[美]，以可靠性为中心维修，北京，机械工业出版社，1991
[4] 万小鹏等，民航维修企业并行工程应用初探，航空工程与维修，2000(2)P15-17
[5] 黄昭毅等，设备诊断技术是维修工程基有活力的高新科技，中国机械工程，Vol．12，No．3，2001(3)P361-364
[6] 李宗吉等，武器装备系统效能评估的几种方法，海军工程大学学报，Vol．90，2001(1)P97-101
[7] 孙斌等，设备重要维修项目视情工作的间隔时间确定，海军工程大学学报，Vol．90，2001(1)P102-105
[8] 吴正勇，军用飞机综合后勤保障工程的应用，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P15-18
[9] 阮镰，可靠性、安全性、维修性测试性保障性CAD与并行工程，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P21-24
[10]金家善等，用于修理级别分析的费用模型开发，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P30-33
[11] 于永利等，维修性可视化设计分析技术现状与发展趋势，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P41-44
[12] 杨为民等，21世纪初装备可靠性维修性保障性工程为发展框架研究，中国机械工程，Vol．90，No．12，1998(12)P45-48
[13] 张金玉等，复杂设备的模糊综合诊断理论的算法，Vol．11，No．7，2000(7)P783—787
[14] 孙进康等，考虑维修时机械可靠性的统计分析方法，机械设计与制造工程，Vol．29，No．2，2000(3)P70-73
[15] 徐葆正，装备维修管理的建立与运作，海军工程大学学报，2000(1)P60-64
[16] Barbara L.Krabbe, Harold R.Rolen, Affordability Studies Using Probability of Failure for Complex Aerospace Systems. 1996 Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium IEEE, 1996, P275-281
[17] S.K.Yang, T.S.Liu, State estimation for predictive maintenance using kalman filter, Reliability Engineering and System safty, 66 (1999) 29-39
[18] Guo Qi Li Jingao, Maintenance Models about A Plant of Three states, International of Plant Engineering and Management Vol.2, No.2, 1997 (6) P98-104
[19] Hongzhou Wang, Hoang Phan, Optimum Maintenance and Availability of Series System Subject to Imperfect, International of Plant Engineering and Management Vol.2, No.3, 1997(9) P181-184
[20] 赵全仁等，建立装备技术保障学若干问题的思考，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P17-20
[21] 孙书鸿，关于装备保障学科发展的思考，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P24-28
[22] 王桂娣等，武器装备维修理论体系建设思考，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P28-36
[23] 鲍承昌，新世纪舰船维修构想，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P33-36
[24] 冯兵，机械系统维修性设计综合评估方法研究，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P37-45
[25] 康建设等，维修优化模型及其应用研究，第五次《维修工程的理论与应用》学术会议论文，2000，P63—67
[26] 范世东等，同步维修及维修经济性等问题探索，中国造船工程学会修船技术学会船舶维修理论学组第九次学术会议论文，1999
[27] 范世东，设备针对性维修策略及应用研究，大连海事大学，博士论文，1996
[28] Sandy Dunn, Reinventing The maintenance Process, 1998, http://www.Maintenanceresources.com
[29] Sandy Dunn, Optimising Production Scheduling for maximum Plant Utilization and Minimum Downtime, 1997, http://www.Maintenanceresources.com
[30] Product Description, http://www.wicat.com
[31] Virtual Aircraft Maintenance, http://www.bdi.com
[32] Virtual Maintenance Trainer, http://www.rti.org
[33] Celestine A.Ntuen & Eui H.Park, Simulation of Cren Size Requirement in a Maintained Reliability System, Computer & Industrial Engineering 37(1999) 219-222
[34] Joel Levitt, Making PM Really work for you, http://www.maintenanceresourec.com
[35] Sandy Dunn, maintenance outsourcing-critical Issues, http://www.maintenanceresourec.Com
[36] Sandy Dunn, Implementing a Computerized Maintenance Management System, http://www.maintenanceresourec.com
[37] Sandy Dunn, Best Practice Maintenance Strategies for Mobile Equipment, http://www.maintenanceresourec.com
[38] Bryan weir, Computerized Maintenance Management Systems, http://www.Plant-maintenance.com
[39] Compressed Air Safty Nets: A Guide To Predictive Maintenance Programs, http://air.ingersoll-rand.com
[40] The importance of predictive maintenance, http://www.newsteel.com
[41] Turgut Allchmanli, Implementing RCM to SAP R3, http://www.ctaconsulting.com.an
[42] Outsourcing Virtual Maintenance, http://www.fluor-om.com
[43] John Moubray, RCM. Ⅱ, http://www.fluor-om.com
[44] C.G.Vassiliadis, Maintenance scheduling and process optimization under uncertainty, computers and chemical Engineering, 25 (2001) 217-236
[45] Antonino Gomes de sa, Virtual reality as a tool for verification of assembly and main tenance process, computer & Graphics, 23 (1999) 389-403
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