基于SAP的航材管理系统方案优化设计与实现
摘要
近年来,随着国际航空运输业的全球化,企业管理的现代化,竞争日益的激烈化,国内航空市场的深度开放以及京沪高铁的贯通,使国内外各航空公司都面临着严峻挑战,提升企业管理、技术升级以及行业系统的重组和组织转型将会成为航空运输业增长的动力源泉。运力保障是航空公司生产经营最基础的活动,作为公司运力保障的主要单位,航空维修部门从保障维护质量、提高维修能力、降低维修成本到减少库存积压、加速资金周转,每一环都是公司经营管理的重要组成部分。
随着我国民航业的快速发展,信息技术起着至关重要的作用,民航维修企业为应对市场竞争的变化,对管理的要求逐步提高,而航材管理处于生产循环最基础的位置。如何保障航材供给、降低维修成本、减少航材库存积压是关键因素。为了解决这些问题,必须建立一套高效的面向航空维修企业的管理信息系统,改造信息共享问题和流程管理问题,为航空飞行安全与成本控制作出贡献,这对于处于竞争激烈的航空市场有着十分重要的意义。
本文针对企业现行系统分布及业务流程进行分析研究,根据SAP针对航空业的解决方案构建了基于SAP的航材管理系统,针对企业在航材需求计划以及库存管理方面存在的薄弱环节进行了优化并在系统内实施,为企业统筹维修资源、发挥规模优势、降低维修成本给出解决方案。
本文的主要工作如下:
1)重点研究航空维修行业,先介绍东航工程技术公司的现状以及发展遇到的瓶颈,通过对当前业务调研,对公司现行的信息系统进行剖析,指出其优缺点,并选择适合的ERP实施方案。
2)制定航材库存改进方案,结合航材的特点,在传统的库存ABC分类法基础上提出改进备件的航材3A分类库存模型,为航材的重要性等级、价格以及消耗数量等提出了一个教完整的分类方法。通过研究库存资金与保障率的关系,利用数学模型计算出安全库存监控点,并在SAP系统内进行相应功能的二次开发。
3)制定航材订货改进方案,针对不同航材的库存控制策略,通过利用航空业特有的航材互换性,在系统内构建航材件号互换性关系,减少重复订货数量,对库存总体航材数量进行优化,实现首批订货及计划性订货经济性优化方案。
4)通过研究成本控制策略,采用联合库存管理方法对航空公司的航材进行库存共享、实现了POOLING业务系统化,对富余航材资源租售给出解决方案。
In recent years, with the globalization of the international air transport industry and modernization of the enterprise management, competition is becoming fiercer and fiercer. The domestic aviation and the high speed railway are opening up in depth, which makes every domestic and international airlines are faced with daunting challenges. To promote the enterprise management, technology, system and reorganization will promote the growth of air transportation industry. To ensure the production capacity is airline management foundation activities. As the department which can ensure flight safety, the aviation maintenance department security maintenance quality, improve maintenance ability, reduce maintenance cost, reduce inventory, speed up the capital turnover. Each link is very important for the operation and management.
With the rapid development of the civil aviation,information technology play a more important role for it. In order to cope with the change of market competition, the demand of management for civil aviation maintenance enterprises is higher and higher. Management of aviation materials is the basic requirement of production cycle. How to guarantee aviation material supply, reduce maintenance cost and reduce materials inventory are the critical factors. In order to solve these problems, we must set up a high efficiency management information system for the MRO enterprise, reform information sharing and process management which can make contribution to flight safety and cost control. This is a desired result to domestic general aviation market.
This paper analyzes the current system and business process. According to the aviation industry solutions from SAP, we do some research in constructing the SAP materials management system. I find some weakness in the materials demand planning and inventory management, and then optimize it in system. This paper give some solutions for enterprise resource conservation, cost saving and play scale advantages.
What this paper reached is shown as below:
1) Research aviation maintenance industry, introduce the CEA's situation and bottleneck at first. Then I based on the current business research, to analysis the information system of the company. At last, I point out its advantages and disadvantages and choose the suitable ERP implementation plan.
2) Combine with the characteristics of the materials and make materials inventory improvement plan. The author base on the traditional inventory ABC classification and put forward the improvement of the spare parts classification method-materials 3A inventory model of the importance of materials, level, price and the consumption of materials which is a complete classification method. Through the study of the relationship between fund and guarantee rate, using mathematical model calculated the safety stock, and develop corresponding function in SAP system.
3) Make materials order optimization scheme. According to different materials inventory control strategy and by means of using the characteristic of aviation materials, we create a kind of part number interchangeability relationship in system which can reduce the quantity of repeated orders, to optimize the overall number of materials inventory. Realize the first planning order and economic optimization scheme.
4) Researching the cost control strategy and using the method of joint inventory management in order to realize the pooling business for surplus materials resources and give systematic solutions to sale and rent.
随着我国民航业的快速发展,信息技术起着至关重要的作用,民航维修企业为应对市场竞争的变化,对管理的要求逐步提高,而航材管理处于生产循环最基础的位置。如何保障航材供给、降低维修成本、减少航材库存积压是关键因素。为了解决这些问题,必须建立一套高效的面向航空维修企业的管理信息系统,改造信息共享问题和流程管理问题,为航空飞行安全与成本控制作出贡献,这对于处于竞争激烈的航空市场有着十分重要的意义。
本文针对企业现行系统分布及业务流程进行分析研究,根据SAP针对航空业的解决方案构建了基于SAP的航材管理系统,针对企业在航材需求计划以及库存管理方面存在的薄弱环节进行了优化并在系统内实施,为企业统筹维修资源、发挥规模优势、降低维修成本给出解决方案。
本文的主要工作如下:
1)重点研究航空维修行业,先介绍东航工程技术公司的现状以及发展遇到的瓶颈,通过对当前业务调研,对公司现行的信息系统进行剖析,指出其优缺点,并选择适合的ERP实施方案。
2)制定航材库存改进方案,结合航材的特点,在传统的库存ABC分类法基础上提出改进备件的航材3A分类库存模型,为航材的重要性等级、价格以及消耗数量等提出了一个教完整的分类方法。通过研究库存资金与保障率的关系,利用数学模型计算出安全库存监控点,并在SAP系统内进行相应功能的二次开发。
3)制定航材订货改进方案,针对不同航材的库存控制策略,通过利用航空业特有的航材互换性,在系统内构建航材件号互换性关系,减少重复订货数量,对库存总体航材数量进行优化,实现首批订货及计划性订货经济性优化方案。
4)通过研究成本控制策略,采用联合库存管理方法对航空公司的航材进行库存共享、实现了POOLING业务系统化,对富余航材资源租售给出解决方案。
In recent years, with the globalization of the international air transport industry and modernization of the enterprise management, competition is becoming fiercer and fiercer. The domestic aviation and the high speed railway are opening up in depth, which makes every domestic and international airlines are faced with daunting challenges. To promote the enterprise management, technology, system and reorganization will promote the growth of air transportation industry. To ensure the production capacity is airline management foundation activities. As the department which can ensure flight safety, the aviation maintenance department security maintenance quality, improve maintenance ability, reduce maintenance cost, reduce inventory, speed up the capital turnover. Each link is very important for the operation and management.
With the rapid development of the civil aviation,information technology play a more important role for it. In order to cope with the change of market competition, the demand of management for civil aviation maintenance enterprises is higher and higher. Management of aviation materials is the basic requirement of production cycle. How to guarantee aviation material supply, reduce maintenance cost and reduce materials inventory are the critical factors. In order to solve these problems, we must set up a high efficiency management information system for the MRO enterprise, reform information sharing and process management which can make contribution to flight safety and cost control. This is a desired result to domestic general aviation market.
This paper analyzes the current system and business process. According to the aviation industry solutions from SAP, we do some research in constructing the SAP materials management system. I find some weakness in the materials demand planning and inventory management, and then optimize it in system. This paper give some solutions for enterprise resource conservation, cost saving and play scale advantages.
What this paper reached is shown as below:
1) Research aviation maintenance industry, introduce the CEA's situation and bottleneck at first. Then I based on the current business research, to analysis the information system of the company. At last, I point out its advantages and disadvantages and choose the suitable ERP implementation plan.
2) Combine with the characteristics of the materials and make materials inventory improvement plan. The author base on the traditional inventory ABC classification and put forward the improvement of the spare parts classification method-materials 3A inventory model of the importance of materials, level, price and the consumption of materials which is a complete classification method. Through the study of the relationship between fund and guarantee rate, using mathematical model calculated the safety stock, and develop corresponding function in SAP system.
3) Make materials order optimization scheme. According to different materials inventory control strategy and by means of using the characteristic of aviation materials, we create a kind of part number interchangeability relationship in system which can reduce the quantity of repeated orders, to optimize the overall number of materials inventory. Realize the first planning order and economic optimization scheme.
4) Researching the cost control strategy and using the method of joint inventory management in order to realize the pooling business for surplus materials resources and give systematic solutions to sale and rent.
引文
[1].孙宏,孙磊,航材管理对维修成本的影响[J],航空维修与工程,2005, (02),5‐8.
[2].卢芳妹,中国企业的ERP实施现状研究[J],财经界(中旬刊),2007,(03),13‐15.
[3].朱家元,冯惊雷,张恒喜,航空数字化综合维修保障信息系统设计与实现[J],航空工程与维修,2007,(06),3‐4.
[4]. CCAR‐145‐R3,中国民用航空总局民航总局令第152号民用航空器维修单位合格审定规定[S],中国民用航空总局,2005,(08).
[5].陈建华,我国航空公司航材周转件计划与库存管理研究[D],中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士),2010,(09) , 26‐33.
[6].王胜彦,飞机维修管理信息系统开发研究[J],天津大学硕士论文,2001,(05) , 21‐25.
[7].杨志东,民用飞机的维修管理信息系统[J],中国民用航空2009,(10),37‐40.
[8].李小阳,从航材仓储看成本管理[J],民航经济与技术,2001,(05) , 15‐20.
[9].金伟,供应链管理在航材管理中的应用[J],民航管理, 2004,(06) ,12‐16.
[10].郑勇,航材产业论[J],国际航空,2008,(02),22‐25.
[11].杨晓,浅谈库存管理策略[J],航材维修与工程,2005,(02),31‐38.
[12].周玉清、刘伯莹,ERP原理与应用教程厂[M],清华大学出版社,2010,(10),95‐112.
[13].陈永杰,SAP商务智能完全解决方案[M],机械工业出版,2008,(03),72‐85
[14]. SAP航空业解决方案概,Aerospace industry solutions overview from SAP ,http://www.sap.com/china/industries/aero‐defense/index.epx.
[15].何爱云,如何做好航材保障与成本控制工作[J],民航管理2004,(12),22‐24.
[16]. A.A.Ghobbar, C.H.Friend, Sources of intermittent demand for aircraft spare parts within airline operations[J]. Journal of Air Transport Management , 2002: 221‐231.
[17]. Kyung‐Kwon Hong, Young‐Gul Kim, The Critical Success Factors for ERP Implementation: an Organizational Fit Perspective[J], Information and Management, 2002:53‐55.
[18]. A Step by Step Guide to the SAP MM Inventory Management and Physical Inventory Configuration, http://www.sap‐img.com.
[19].文洋,SAP系统项目实施与操作指南[M],电子工业出版社,2007,(06),29‐40.
[20]. Bernd Matzke, ABAP/4 Programming the SAP R/3 System, http://www.savforum.net.
[21].崔甫荣,基于SAPR/3的企业生产计划管理系统的实现与二次开发[D],厦门大学硕士论文,2008,(01),44‐48.
[22].潘吴,易泽湘,孙秀红,易锦华,王晓勇,基于SAP R/3的ERP技术研究与应用[M],计算计划管理系统的实现与二次开发机技术与发展,2006,(07),174‐176.
[23].黄双喜,范玉顺,基于工作流的ERP系统开发与实施,计算机集成制造系统‐CIMS,2004,(04),47‐49.
[24]. Miehael E, McGrath. Development Next production [M],清华大学出版社,2006,(11),38‐42.
[25].黄旭东,苗瑞,零件中心备件库存分类控制的研究[J],工业工程与管理,2004(增刊),(06),23‐28.
[26].胡勇,郑金钟,高双峰,航材供应链保障模式研究[J],物流技术,2004,(11),21‐25.
[27].陈建华,我国航空公司航材周转件计划与库存管理研究[D],中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士), 2010,(09),26‐33.
[28].徐保强,李葆文,魏听,从备件ABC分类管理到备件3A库存模型应用[J],中国设备管理2008,(03),27‐29.
[29].王子芳,航材再订购点的确定与评估[J],适航与维修,2004,(05),17‐18.
[30].余彤艳,关于如何压缩库存以减低成本的探讨[J],适航与维修,2005,(06),12‐17.
[31].刘悦梅、郑钦明,航材保障率和库存评估指标初探[J],适航与维修,2002,(04),23‐26.
[32].石丽娜、冯玉娥,基于泊松分布的航材周转件库存量数学模型上海工程技术大学学报[N],2004,(06).
[33].朱芮瑶,左洪福,孙蕾,唐可心,航材可修件库存共享研究[J], InventoryPooling for Repairable Air Materiel Analysis ,航空维修与工程, 2009,(06),21‐35.
[2].卢芳妹,中国企业的ERP实施现状研究[J],财经界(中旬刊),2007,(03),13‐15.
[3].朱家元,冯惊雷,张恒喜,航空数字化综合维修保障信息系统设计与实现[J],航空工程与维修,2007,(06),3‐4.
[4]. CCAR‐145‐R3,中国民用航空总局民航总局令第152号民用航空器维修单位合格审定规定[S],中国民用航空总局,2005,(08).
[5].陈建华,我国航空公司航材周转件计划与库存管理研究[D],中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士),2010,(09) , 26‐33.
[6].王胜彦,飞机维修管理信息系统开发研究[J],天津大学硕士论文,2001,(05) , 21‐25.
[7].杨志东,民用飞机的维修管理信息系统[J],中国民用航空2009,(10),37‐40.
[8].李小阳,从航材仓储看成本管理[J],民航经济与技术,2001,(05) , 15‐20.
[9].金伟,供应链管理在航材管理中的应用[J],民航管理, 2004,(06) ,12‐16.
[10].郑勇,航材产业论[J],国际航空,2008,(02),22‐25.
[11].杨晓,浅谈库存管理策略[J],航材维修与工程,2005,(02),31‐38.
[12].周玉清、刘伯莹,ERP原理与应用教程厂[M],清华大学出版社,2010,(10),95‐112.
[13].陈永杰,SAP商务智能完全解决方案[M],机械工业出版,2008,(03),72‐85
[14]. SAP航空业解决方案概,Aerospace industry solutions overview from SAP ,http://www.sap.com/china/industries/aero‐defense/index.epx.
[15].何爱云,如何做好航材保障与成本控制工作[J],民航管理2004,(12),22‐24.
[16]. A.A.Ghobbar, C.H.Friend, Sources of intermittent demand for aircraft spare parts within airline operations[J]. Journal of Air Transport Management , 2002: 221‐231.
[17]. Kyung‐Kwon Hong, Young‐Gul Kim, The Critical Success Factors for ERP Implementation: an Organizational Fit Perspective[J], Information and Management, 2002:53‐55.
[18]. A Step by Step Guide to the SAP MM Inventory Management and Physical Inventory Configuration, http://www.sap‐img.com.
[19].文洋,SAP系统项目实施与操作指南[M],电子工业出版社,2007,(06),29‐40.
[20]. Bernd Matzke, ABAP/4 Programming the SAP R/3 System, http://www.savforum.net.
[21].崔甫荣,基于SAPR/3的企业生产计划管理系统的实现与二次开发[D],厦门大学硕士论文,2008,(01),44‐48.
[22].潘吴,易泽湘,孙秀红,易锦华,王晓勇,基于SAP R/3的ERP技术研究与应用[M],计算计划管理系统的实现与二次开发机技术与发展,2006,(07),174‐176.
[23].黄双喜,范玉顺,基于工作流的ERP系统开发与实施,计算机集成制造系统‐CIMS,2004,(04),47‐49.
[24]. Miehael E, McGrath. Development Next production [M],清华大学出版社,2006,(11),38‐42.
[25].黄旭东,苗瑞,零件中心备件库存分类控制的研究[J],工业工程与管理,2004(增刊),(06),23‐28.
[26].胡勇,郑金钟,高双峰,航材供应链保障模式研究[J],物流技术,2004,(11),21‐25.
[27].陈建华,我国航空公司航材周转件计划与库存管理研究[D],中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士), 2010,(09),26‐33.
[28].徐保强,李葆文,魏听,从备件ABC分类管理到备件3A库存模型应用[J],中国设备管理2008,(03),27‐29.
[29].王子芳,航材再订购点的确定与评估[J],适航与维修,2004,(05),17‐18.
[30].余彤艳,关于如何压缩库存以减低成本的探讨[J],适航与维修,2005,(06),12‐17.
[31].刘悦梅、郑钦明,航材保障率和库存评估指标初探[J],适航与维修,2002,(04),23‐26.
[32].石丽娜、冯玉娥,基于泊松分布的航材周转件库存量数学模型上海工程技术大学学报[N],2004,(06).
[33].朱芮瑶,左洪福,孙蕾,唐可心,航材可修件库存共享研究[J], InventoryPooling for Repairable Air Materiel Analysis ,航空维修与工程, 2009,(06),21‐35.