北京主要造林树种生长及气体交换特性的研究
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摘要
本文研究了北京市主要绿化树种的生长及生理生态特性,发现了北京市主要绿化树种油松、侧柏、栓皮栎光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率在生长季节的变化规律,并讨论了不同树种之间生理特征的差异。此外,本文还进一步比较了不同种源油松形态指标的差异,探讨对绿化树种油松进行种源选择的可能性,旨在为北京市的绿地建设和管护提供理论依据。
研究表明:春季油松叶片的净光合速率较低,夏秋季油松的净光合速率较高,不同月份油松净光合速率的差别较大。九月份油松的净光合速率最高,四月份最低。而侧柏净光合速率的最高值和最低值也分别出现在九月份和四月份。栓皮栎的净光合速率在七月份最高,四月份处于最低值。干旱季节,侧柏的净光合速率大于油松,说明侧柏的耐旱能力要高于油松。油松、侧柏净光合速率的变化趋势与土壤含水量是一致的。
北京市的主要绿化树种蒸腾速率在夏、秋较高。油松的蒸腾速率六月份、七月份较高,而四月份、五月份、十月份较低,其蒸腾速率与树干液流速率的变化趋势并不一致。九月份侧柏的蒸腾速率最高,四月份侧柏的蒸腾速率最低,但两者的差距并不明显。栓皮栎不同月份之间蒸腾速率变化较大,九月份蒸腾速率最大值(3.57mmol.m-2.s-1)达到五月份最大值(1.634mmol.m-2.s-1)的2.2倍。不同树种的蒸腾速率大小为:栓皮栎〉侧柏〉油松,阔叶树〉针叶树。侧柏蒸腾速率的变化趋势与土壤含水量、光强基本一致,说明土壤含水率、光强与蒸腾速率有很强的相关关系。
不同季节,油松的水分利用效率大小依次为:秋季〉夏季〉春季。侧柏的水分利用效率变化为:秋季〉夏季〉春季。栓皮栎不同季节之间水分利用效率大小依次为:夏季〉秋季〉春季。与油松、侧柏相比,栓皮栎的单位时间内的耗水量虽然较大,但水分利用效率也较高。不同树种的稳定碳同位素值为:油松〉侧柏〉栓皮栎。对于油松而言,其水分利用效率的大小应为32a>18a>1a,随着树龄增长,稳定碳同位素值呈下降的趋势。无论是针叶树还是阔叶树,水分利用效率与胞间CO2浓度都呈负相关关系,但不同树种之间相关系数差别较大。
对于不同种源的油松,树高、1a生针叶长、2a生针叶长均存在较高的变异系数。油松的树高与叶片长度并无显著的相关关系,因为油松树高、针叶长分别受到不同的遗传因素的控制。根据树高、针叶长,将不同种源的油松分为4个生态型:短针叶、低树高油松;短针叶、高树高油松;长针叶、低树高油松;长针叶、高树高油松。
The net photosynthetic rate,water transpiration rate and water use efficiency of the main green tree species in Beijing have been studied in this paper. The article also discusses characteristics in different tree species. Morphological characteristics of Pinus provenances have been studied in this paper, which provide theoretical foundation for vegetation construction and management in Beijing.
Study showed:the net photosynthetic rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is lower in spring, compared with summer and autumn. Pinus tabulaeformis and Platycladus orientalis have highest net photosynthetic rate in September,but their photosynthetic rate is lowest in April. Quercus variabilis has highest photosynthetic rate in July, but its photosynthetic rate is lowest in April. The net photosynthetic rate of Platycladus orientalis is higher than Pinus tabulaeformis in dry season, which confirmed that the drought tolerance of Platycladus orientalis is stronger than Pinus tabulaeformis. The soil water content of Pinus tabulaeformis and Platycladus orientalis.has the similar trend.
The water transpiration rate of the main green tree species in Beijing is higher in summer and autumn. The water transpiration rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is higher in June and July, but lower in April, May and October. The change trend of the water transpiration rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is different,compared with sap flow fluctuation. The water transpiration rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is highest in September, lowest in April. The water transpiration rate of Quercus variabilis is highest in September, the value is 2.2 times as much as it is in May. The water transpiration rate in different tree species is: Quercus variabilis> Platycladus orientalis> Pinus tabulaeformis. Soil water content and light radiation of Platycladus orientalis have strong relationship with water transpiration rate.
The water use efficiency of Pinus tabulaeformis in different season is autumn > summer > spring. The water use efficiency of Platycladus orientalis is:autumn> Summer> Spring. The water use efficiency of Quercus variabilis is: Summer >autumn > Spring. Quercus variabilis has higher water use efficiency than other tree species. Theδ13C value in different tree species is: Pinus tabulaeformis.> Platycladus orientalis> Quercus variabilis. Theδ13C value of Pinus tabulaeformis is: 32a>18a>1a.WUE has negative relationship with intercellular CO2 concentration. But the Correlation coefficient is variable significantly in different tree species.
Morphological characteristics of Pinus provenances varies significantly. Tree Height doesn’t has significant relationship with blade length, for they are controlled by different genetic factors. According to tree height and blade length, Pinus provenances are divided into four ecotypes: short-needle, low-tree-height type; Short-needle, high-tree-height type; long-needle, low-tree -height type; long-needle, Low-tree-height type.
研究表明:春季油松叶片的净光合速率较低,夏秋季油松的净光合速率较高,不同月份油松净光合速率的差别较大。九月份油松的净光合速率最高,四月份最低。而侧柏净光合速率的最高值和最低值也分别出现在九月份和四月份。栓皮栎的净光合速率在七月份最高,四月份处于最低值。干旱季节,侧柏的净光合速率大于油松,说明侧柏的耐旱能力要高于油松。油松、侧柏净光合速率的变化趋势与土壤含水量是一致的。
北京市的主要绿化树种蒸腾速率在夏、秋较高。油松的蒸腾速率六月份、七月份较高,而四月份、五月份、十月份较低,其蒸腾速率与树干液流速率的变化趋势并不一致。九月份侧柏的蒸腾速率最高,四月份侧柏的蒸腾速率最低,但两者的差距并不明显。栓皮栎不同月份之间蒸腾速率变化较大,九月份蒸腾速率最大值(3.57mmol.m-2.s-1)达到五月份最大值(1.634mmol.m-2.s-1)的2.2倍。不同树种的蒸腾速率大小为:栓皮栎〉侧柏〉油松,阔叶树〉针叶树。侧柏蒸腾速率的变化趋势与土壤含水量、光强基本一致,说明土壤含水率、光强与蒸腾速率有很强的相关关系。
不同季节,油松的水分利用效率大小依次为:秋季〉夏季〉春季。侧柏的水分利用效率变化为:秋季〉夏季〉春季。栓皮栎不同季节之间水分利用效率大小依次为:夏季〉秋季〉春季。与油松、侧柏相比,栓皮栎的单位时间内的耗水量虽然较大,但水分利用效率也较高。不同树种的稳定碳同位素值为:油松〉侧柏〉栓皮栎。对于油松而言,其水分利用效率的大小应为32a>18a>1a,随着树龄增长,稳定碳同位素值呈下降的趋势。无论是针叶树还是阔叶树,水分利用效率与胞间CO2浓度都呈负相关关系,但不同树种之间相关系数差别较大。
对于不同种源的油松,树高、1a生针叶长、2a生针叶长均存在较高的变异系数。油松的树高与叶片长度并无显著的相关关系,因为油松树高、针叶长分别受到不同的遗传因素的控制。根据树高、针叶长,将不同种源的油松分为4个生态型:短针叶、低树高油松;短针叶、高树高油松;长针叶、低树高油松;长针叶、高树高油松。
The net photosynthetic rate,water transpiration rate and water use efficiency of the main green tree species in Beijing have been studied in this paper. The article also discusses characteristics in different tree species. Morphological characteristics of Pinus provenances have been studied in this paper, which provide theoretical foundation for vegetation construction and management in Beijing.
Study showed:the net photosynthetic rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is lower in spring, compared with summer and autumn. Pinus tabulaeformis and Platycladus orientalis have highest net photosynthetic rate in September,but their photosynthetic rate is lowest in April. Quercus variabilis has highest photosynthetic rate in July, but its photosynthetic rate is lowest in April. The net photosynthetic rate of Platycladus orientalis is higher than Pinus tabulaeformis in dry season, which confirmed that the drought tolerance of Platycladus orientalis is stronger than Pinus tabulaeformis. The soil water content of Pinus tabulaeformis and Platycladus orientalis.has the similar trend.
The water transpiration rate of the main green tree species in Beijing is higher in summer and autumn. The water transpiration rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is higher in June and July, but lower in April, May and October. The change trend of the water transpiration rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is different,compared with sap flow fluctuation. The water transpiration rate of Pinus tabulaeformis is highest in September, lowest in April. The water transpiration rate of Quercus variabilis is highest in September, the value is 2.2 times as much as it is in May. The water transpiration rate in different tree species is: Quercus variabilis> Platycladus orientalis> Pinus tabulaeformis. Soil water content and light radiation of Platycladus orientalis have strong relationship with water transpiration rate.
The water use efficiency of Pinus tabulaeformis in different season is autumn > summer > spring. The water use efficiency of Platycladus orientalis is:autumn> Summer> Spring. The water use efficiency of Quercus variabilis is: Summer >autumn > Spring. Quercus variabilis has higher water use efficiency than other tree species. Theδ13C value in different tree species is: Pinus tabulaeformis.> Platycladus orientalis> Quercus variabilis. Theδ13C value of Pinus tabulaeformis is: 32a>18a>1a.WUE has negative relationship with intercellular CO2 concentration. But the Correlation coefficient is variable significantly in different tree species.
Morphological characteristics of Pinus provenances varies significantly. Tree Height doesn’t has significant relationship with blade length, for they are controlled by different genetic factors. According to tree height and blade length, Pinus provenances are divided into four ecotypes: short-needle, low-tree-height type; Short-needle, high-tree-height type; long-needle, low-tree -height type; long-needle, Low-tree-height type.
引文
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