开关变换型连续激光电源的研制
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摘要
自从1960年美国人Maiman首先在实验室用红宝石晶体获得激光输出以来，激光器件和技术取得了突飞猛进的进展。由于激光具有方向性好、能量密度高和单色性好等一系列优点，现在激光技术已被广泛地运用于工业、农业、医学、科学研究及军事等各个领域，特别是在工业加工领域，随着激光加工市场地不断扩大，激光加工在整个加工业的作用越来越大，对激光设备的需求也越来越大。
固体激光器电源作为提供能量给惰性气体放电灯以便获得大功率激光输出的电泵浦源，是激光加工设备中最重要的部件之一，是决定激光器整体性能的重要因素。
对连续固体激光器电源来说，它的负载是连续氪灯，这种气体放电灯的伏安特性是非线性的，且工作在低压大电流状态下。由于氪灯内惰性气体气压较高，所以在点燃这种灯时，必须有触发电路和预燃电路，才能保证氪灯稳定点燃和正常运行。
传统的激光电源通常采用调压器调压式主电路、可控硅相控整流式主电路或晶体管整流式主电路。采用调压器调压的激光电源，由于调压器的存在，电源的体积和重量都很大，而且输出电流地调节也很不方便，整个电源系统的效率也很低。可控硅相控整流式激光电源具有一定地调节输出电流或电压的能力，但它存在整流纹波较大的问题，难以满足高性能要求。晶体管整流式激光电源虽然响应速度较快，稳流效果较好，整流纹波较小，但结构复杂，成本较高。
开关电源由于具有体积小、重量轻、损耗小、效率高、稳定性好及保护功能完善等优点，现在广泛应用于各种电能转化的场合。所以在经过综合比较分析后，本电源采用了既经济又实用的Buck型降压式开关电源方案。连续固体激光器电源系统主要由以下几部分组成：输入整流滤波电路、浪涌抑制电路、IGBT的隔离和驱动电路、输出整流滤波电路、预燃触发电路、控制电路、保护电路、辅助电源等。
本论文详细地分析了主要电路参数地计算和确定，并使用Pspice软件对部分电路进行了仿真，以验证设计的合理性。在充分运用自动控制原理的基础上，还使用Matlab软件对系统补偿网络进行了设计和仿真，以验证系统的稳定性，最终较圆满地完成了设计任务。
与以往激光电源的辅助电源大都采用传统线性电源的方案不同，本激光电源的辅助电源采用了一种用单片开关电源芯片构成的多路输出单端反激式开关电源的新型方案，并且整机体积更小，保护功能更完善。
In 1960, an American named Maiman invented the world's first laser beam in his laboratory from a block of crystal carbuncle. From then on, rapid developments have been obtained in the fields of laser device and technology. Because laser has a lot of advantages such as good directionality, high power density and excellent monochromaticity, it has been used widely in industry, agriculture, medicine , science and military, especially in machining industry. Now laser machining is playing a more and more important role with the enlargement of laser machining market, and the requirement of laser equipments increases accordingly.
Solid laser power supply acts as the electrical pump source that produces energy to inert gas discharge lamp to obtain the output of laser beam, so, it is one of the most important parts of the laser machining equipments and decides the overall performance of laser beam.
Kr lamp which has nonlinear voltage-ampere characteristic is the load of the continuous solid-state laser power supply. It often works under low voltage and high current condition. Owing to inner high -pressure inert gas sealed in Kr tube, triggering circuit and preigniting circuit must be added to keep Kr lamp working stable.
The traditional laser power supply usually adopted linear voltage regulating main circuit, SCR rectifying main circuit or transistor rectifying main circuit. In linear voltage regulating laser power supply, the volume and weight of the power supply are very large for the use of voltage regulator in series with main circuit, and it is not convenient to adjust the output current, besides, the efficiency of the power system is very low. In SCR rectifying laser power supply, although it could make current or voltage output adjustable, it can't solve serious ripple produced by rectification, and so, it is difficult to meet the requirement of high performance. In transistor rectifying laser power supply, although the main circuit has rapid response speed, good current stability, its circuit structure is complicated and the cost is high.
Because switching mode power supply (SMPS) has many advantages such as small volume, light weight, little loss, high efficiency, good stability, completely protection and so on, it is used widely under various electrical transforming occasion. By deeply comparing and analyzing , we adopt switching main circuit that working under Buck mode which has been proved economical and practical. The solid continuous laser power system mainly consists of input rectifying circuit, input filtering circuit, inrush current inhibiting circuit, IGBT driving circuit, IGBT isolating circuit, output rectifying circuit, output filtering circuit , preigniting circuit, triggering circuit, controlling circuit , protecting circuit and auxiliary power supply.
The dissertation analyzes how to select and calculate the parameters of the main circuit in detail, and apply Pspice simulation software to some circuits to verify the rationality of parameters' calculating and choosing. Based on making full use of automatic control principle, apply Matlab simulation software to design and simulate the compensating network in order to test the stability of the power system. The final results show that the design task is completed successfully.
Differing from general laser power supply , a new project that replacing the traditional linear power supply with a multiple -output single-ended flyback SMPS , whose controlling chip is only one single-chip switching power supply integrated circuit , is designed for the auxiliary power supply. Besides, this product has other advantages such as smaller volume and more protecting functions.
固体激光器电源作为提供能量给惰性气体放电灯以便获得大功率激光输出的电泵浦源，是激光加工设备中最重要的部件之一，是决定激光器整体性能的重要因素。
对连续固体激光器电源来说，它的负载是连续氪灯，这种气体放电灯的伏安特性是非线性的，且工作在低压大电流状态下。由于氪灯内惰性气体气压较高，所以在点燃这种灯时，必须有触发电路和预燃电路，才能保证氪灯稳定点燃和正常运行。
传统的激光电源通常采用调压器调压式主电路、可控硅相控整流式主电路或晶体管整流式主电路。采用调压器调压的激光电源，由于调压器的存在，电源的体积和重量都很大，而且输出电流地调节也很不方便，整个电源系统的效率也很低。可控硅相控整流式激光电源具有一定地调节输出电流或电压的能力，但它存在整流纹波较大的问题，难以满足高性能要求。晶体管整流式激光电源虽然响应速度较快，稳流效果较好，整流纹波较小，但结构复杂，成本较高。
开关电源由于具有体积小、重量轻、损耗小、效率高、稳定性好及保护功能完善等优点，现在广泛应用于各种电能转化的场合。所以在经过综合比较分析后，本电源采用了既经济又实用的Buck型降压式开关电源方案。连续固体激光器电源系统主要由以下几部分组成：输入整流滤波电路、浪涌抑制电路、IGBT的隔离和驱动电路、输出整流滤波电路、预燃触发电路、控制电路、保护电路、辅助电源等。
本论文详细地分析了主要电路参数地计算和确定，并使用Pspice软件对部分电路进行了仿真，以验证设计的合理性。在充分运用自动控制原理的基础上，还使用Matlab软件对系统补偿网络进行了设计和仿真，以验证系统的稳定性，最终较圆满地完成了设计任务。
与以往激光电源的辅助电源大都采用传统线性电源的方案不同，本激光电源的辅助电源采用了一种用单片开关电源芯片构成的多路输出单端反激式开关电源的新型方案，并且整机体积更小，保护功能更完善。
In 1960, an American named Maiman invented the world's first laser beam in his laboratory from a block of crystal carbuncle. From then on, rapid developments have been obtained in the fields of laser device and technology. Because laser has a lot of advantages such as good directionality, high power density and excellent monochromaticity, it has been used widely in industry, agriculture, medicine , science and military, especially in machining industry. Now laser machining is playing a more and more important role with the enlargement of laser machining market, and the requirement of laser equipments increases accordingly.
Solid laser power supply acts as the electrical pump source that produces energy to inert gas discharge lamp to obtain the output of laser beam, so, it is one of the most important parts of the laser machining equipments and decides the overall performance of laser beam.
Kr lamp which has nonlinear voltage-ampere characteristic is the load of the continuous solid-state laser power supply. It often works under low voltage and high current condition. Owing to inner high -pressure inert gas sealed in Kr tube, triggering circuit and preigniting circuit must be added to keep Kr lamp working stable.
The traditional laser power supply usually adopted linear voltage regulating main circuit, SCR rectifying main circuit or transistor rectifying main circuit. In linear voltage regulating laser power supply, the volume and weight of the power supply are very large for the use of voltage regulator in series with main circuit, and it is not convenient to adjust the output current, besides, the efficiency of the power system is very low. In SCR rectifying laser power supply, although it could make current or voltage output adjustable, it can't solve serious ripple produced by rectification, and so, it is difficult to meet the requirement of high performance. In transistor rectifying laser power supply, although the main circuit has rapid response speed, good current stability, its circuit structure is complicated and the cost is high.
Because switching mode power supply (SMPS) has many advantages such as small volume, light weight, little loss, high efficiency, good stability, completely protection and so on, it is used widely under various electrical transforming occasion. By deeply comparing and analyzing , we adopt switching main circuit that working under Buck mode which has been proved economical and practical. The solid continuous laser power system mainly consists of input rectifying circuit, input filtering circuit, inrush current inhibiting circuit, IGBT driving circuit, IGBT isolating circuit, output rectifying circuit, output filtering circuit , preigniting circuit, triggering circuit, controlling circuit , protecting circuit and auxiliary power supply.
The dissertation analyzes how to select and calculate the parameters of the main circuit in detail, and apply Pspice simulation software to some circuits to verify the rationality of parameters' calculating and choosing. Based on making full use of automatic control principle, apply Matlab simulation software to design and simulate the compensating network in order to test the stability of the power system. The final results show that the design task is completed successfully.
Differing from general laser power supply , a new project that replacing the traditional linear power supply with a multiple -output single-ended flyback SMPS , whose controlling chip is only one single-chip switching power supply integrated circuit , is designed for the auxiliary power supply. Besides, this product has other advantages such as smaller volume and more protecting functions.
引文
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[2] 陈英礼．激光导论．北京：电子工业出版社，1986
[3] 刘敬海．徐荣．激光器件与技术．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1995
[4] 李适民．激光器件原理与设计．北京：国防工业出版社，1998年3月
[5] 秦军．李正佳．Nd：YAG激光电源预燃触发系统．光电子技术与信息，1999年8期
[6] 陈军伟．固体连续激光器电源的研究：[硕士学位论文]．长春：吉林大学，2003
[7] 石季英．IGBT脉宽调制型连续激光器电源．天津大学学报，1999
[8] 王聪主编．软开关功率变换器及其应用．北京：科学出版社，2000
[9] Abraham i. Pressman. Switching Power Supply Design. McGraw-hill Companies, 1998
[10] 张占松．蔡宣三．开关电源的原理与设计(修订版)．北京：电子工业出版社，2004
[11] Everett Rogers. Control Loop Modeling of Switching Power Supplies. Texas Instruments. www.ti.com
[12] SIU Man. Design of Voltage-Mode Buck Converter with End-Point Prediction:[dissertation]. Hong Kong: The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, August 2004
[13] 华为．通信开关电源的五种PWM反馈控制模式研究．中国电源博览，2000年4期
[14] 宁静．电流模式DC-DC Converter设计．www.eedesign.com.tw
[15] Deisch. Understanding Buck Power Stages in Switching Power Supplies. Texas Instruments Incorporated, 1999
[16] Robert W. Erickson. Fundamentals of Power Electronics. Kluwer Academic Publishers Group. Norwell, 1997
[17] G. Gattavari and C. Diazzi. EASY APPLICATIONDESIGN WITH THE L4970A, MONOLITHIC DC-DC CONVERTERS FAMILY. AN557/1297. SGS-THOMSON Microelectronics, 1997
[18] 王凤岩．开关电源控制方法的研究：[硕士学位论文]．成都：西南交通大学，2001
[19] 柳玉秀．PWM型DC／DC变换器建模及闭环控制策略的研究：[硕士学位论文]．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学，2003
[20] 万山明．吴芳．开关电源的小信号模型及环路设计．电源技术应用，2004年3期
[21] Robert W. Erickson. DC-DC Power Converters. Wiley Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2002
[22] Vlatko Vlatkovic. Small-Signal Analysis of the Phase-Shifted PWM Converter. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS, VOL. 7, NO. 1, JANUARY 1992
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