调谐二极管激光吸收光谱中的若干关键技术研究
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摘要
调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy, TDLAS)是通过对二极管激光器施加调谐信号实现波长扫描,获得气态物质吸收谱线从而推算其成分和状态信息的检测技术,广泛应用于工业及环境领域的气体检测中。
本论文以对TDLAS技术检测性能的提高和检测范围的扩展提供技术支撑为研究目的,针对TDLAS技术系统优化和信号处理开展关键技术研究,包括系统参数优化、数据处理流程、波长对应过程以及应用技术中的计算方法。主要的工作内容包括以下四个方面:
1、系统参数优化:基于TDLAS的调制理论,对调制参数和锁相参数在系统运行中的功能和影响信号的机理进行研究。根据检测需求提取信号特征值,通过实验观察各参数变化对信号特征值的影响,总结影响规律,以此为基础给出系统在浓度和压强检测中各参数优化的依据和方法。对锁相放大器时间常数与调制参数联合影响信号进行实验观察及分析,给出在不同情况下参数选择依据和应注意的问题。
2、数据处理流程:讨论并验证TDLAS数据处理流程中各步骤的作用,针对不同信号观察处理效果。将温度调谐数据与电流调谐数据进行比较,采用数值计算方法和信号处理手段对不利于后期处理的特征加以改进,使其在形式构成和波长对应过程上与电流调谐方法一致。在特征值提取过程中,采用相邻极值点求差分柱的算法简化提取流程,评价处理结果,论证其在数据处理和读取过程中的优点以及与其他匹配检索技术结合的可能性。在吸收峰临近或重叠的情况下,以线型公式二阶导数叠加的形式拟合曲线,得到各吸收峰的数值信息。
3、波长对应过程:分析波长对应过程在压强检测中的重要性,结合激光器的静态调谐特性,研究了信号采样点在对应波长过程中的误差来源。在波长计算方式上,根据激光器工作原理,用查找对应二次拟合曲线的方法得到采样点对应的波长值,消除了调谐非线性对线形检测造成的影响。分别研究调制幅度和扫描频率对实际发射波长的影响机理,此为基础对检测信号进行了调制幅度校正和扫描频率校正,消除了不同调制参数下检测信号波长序列之间的差异,保证了信号的线形检测精度。
4、应用技术中的计算方法:在之前工作的基础上,对TDLAS系统的实际应用进行探索,针对不同需求,应用不同调谐方式和处理流程分别进行单一组分浓度检测、多组分气体检测、压强测量和长光程大气监测等实验。选择适当的分析手段和拟合方法对待测值进行计算,得到一套TDLAS系统实际应用的计算方式和优化过程,对此技术今后的应用发展起到指导作用。
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is a detection technique for measuring the information and status of species by tuning the laser emission wavelength over the characteristic absorption line according to the tuning signal. It is widely used in gas detection of industrial and environmental areas.
The research purpose of the thesis was to offer technical support for the performance improvement and the detecting range extension of TDLAS. Researches of critical technologies were carried out aiming at system optimization and signal processing in TDLAS, including optimization of system parameters, data processing flow, procedure of wavelength correspondence and calculation method in system application. The major work completed in the thesis was summarized as following:
1. The effect mechanism of modulation parameters and lock-in amplifier parameters on detecting signals was researched based on the TDLAS modulation theory. The influence of the parameters to second harmonic signals was observed by analyzing the signal characteristics for various system functions and demands. The basis and method of parameters optimization in concentration and pressure detecting system were summarized by the experiment result. Furthermore, the joint influence of lock-in time constant and modulation parameters to detecting signals was analyzed to make a rule of parameter selection in different conditions.
2. The function and effect of each procedure in TDLAS signal processing were discussed and verified by observing its output result from different input signals. After comparing the signals between temperature tuning and current tuning, the characteristic of temperature tuning data which did not suit for subsequent processing was improved by numerical calculation method and signal processing technique in order to approximate the form of current tuning data. A method of calculating the columnar difference between adjacent extreme value points of detecting signal was proposed to extract the absorption feature simply. The processing result showed its advantage in signal processing or data storing and loading, it also provided the possibility for combining the columnar difference method with other matching and retrieval technique in practical system. The numerical characteristics of each absorption line were obtained by fitting the detecting data with the sum of line shape second order derivatives from the signals with overlapped absorption lines.
3. The error sources in the procedure of wavelength correspondence were studied combined with laser static tuning characteristics after analyzing the importance of the wavelength correspondence in pressure detecting. A method of searching the sampling point wavelength from quadratic fitting curves of laser tuning characteristics data was used to eliminate the impact of tuning non-linear property to spectral line shape detection. Modulation index calibration and scanning frequency calibration based on the effect mechanism of modulation parameters to laser emission wavelength were applied to reduce value difference between wavelength sequences of various modulation parameters and improve the line shape detection accuracy.
4. Based on the above work, a research on TDLAS system application was carried out including single component concentration detection, multi-component gas detection, pressure detection and long path atmospheric monitoring by the experiment using different tuning way and signal processing method for different detection requirements. A set of calculation method and optimization process was summarized by selecting appropriate analytical means and fitting models to calculate the system output values, which provided an instructive basis for further development of such system.
本论文以对TDLAS技术检测性能的提高和检测范围的扩展提供技术支撑为研究目的,针对TDLAS技术系统优化和信号处理开展关键技术研究,包括系统参数优化、数据处理流程、波长对应过程以及应用技术中的计算方法。主要的工作内容包括以下四个方面:
1、系统参数优化:基于TDLAS的调制理论,对调制参数和锁相参数在系统运行中的功能和影响信号的机理进行研究。根据检测需求提取信号特征值,通过实验观察各参数变化对信号特征值的影响,总结影响规律,以此为基础给出系统在浓度和压强检测中各参数优化的依据和方法。对锁相放大器时间常数与调制参数联合影响信号进行实验观察及分析,给出在不同情况下参数选择依据和应注意的问题。
2、数据处理流程:讨论并验证TDLAS数据处理流程中各步骤的作用,针对不同信号观察处理效果。将温度调谐数据与电流调谐数据进行比较,采用数值计算方法和信号处理手段对不利于后期处理的特征加以改进,使其在形式构成和波长对应过程上与电流调谐方法一致。在特征值提取过程中,采用相邻极值点求差分柱的算法简化提取流程,评价处理结果,论证其在数据处理和读取过程中的优点以及与其他匹配检索技术结合的可能性。在吸收峰临近或重叠的情况下,以线型公式二阶导数叠加的形式拟合曲线,得到各吸收峰的数值信息。
3、波长对应过程:分析波长对应过程在压强检测中的重要性,结合激光器的静态调谐特性,研究了信号采样点在对应波长过程中的误差来源。在波长计算方式上,根据激光器工作原理,用查找对应二次拟合曲线的方法得到采样点对应的波长值,消除了调谐非线性对线形检测造成的影响。分别研究调制幅度和扫描频率对实际发射波长的影响机理,此为基础对检测信号进行了调制幅度校正和扫描频率校正,消除了不同调制参数下检测信号波长序列之间的差异,保证了信号的线形检测精度。
4、应用技术中的计算方法:在之前工作的基础上,对TDLAS系统的实际应用进行探索,针对不同需求,应用不同调谐方式和处理流程分别进行单一组分浓度检测、多组分气体检测、压强测量和长光程大气监测等实验。选择适当的分析手段和拟合方法对待测值进行计算,得到一套TDLAS系统实际应用的计算方式和优化过程,对此技术今后的应用发展起到指导作用。
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is a detection technique for measuring the information and status of species by tuning the laser emission wavelength over the characteristic absorption line according to the tuning signal. It is widely used in gas detection of industrial and environmental areas.
The research purpose of the thesis was to offer technical support for the performance improvement and the detecting range extension of TDLAS. Researches of critical technologies were carried out aiming at system optimization and signal processing in TDLAS, including optimization of system parameters, data processing flow, procedure of wavelength correspondence and calculation method in system application. The major work completed in the thesis was summarized as following:
1. The effect mechanism of modulation parameters and lock-in amplifier parameters on detecting signals was researched based on the TDLAS modulation theory. The influence of the parameters to second harmonic signals was observed by analyzing the signal characteristics for various system functions and demands. The basis and method of parameters optimization in concentration and pressure detecting system were summarized by the experiment result. Furthermore, the joint influence of lock-in time constant and modulation parameters to detecting signals was analyzed to make a rule of parameter selection in different conditions.
2. The function and effect of each procedure in TDLAS signal processing were discussed and verified by observing its output result from different input signals. After comparing the signals between temperature tuning and current tuning, the characteristic of temperature tuning data which did not suit for subsequent processing was improved by numerical calculation method and signal processing technique in order to approximate the form of current tuning data. A method of calculating the columnar difference between adjacent extreme value points of detecting signal was proposed to extract the absorption feature simply. The processing result showed its advantage in signal processing or data storing and loading, it also provided the possibility for combining the columnar difference method with other matching and retrieval technique in practical system. The numerical characteristics of each absorption line were obtained by fitting the detecting data with the sum of line shape second order derivatives from the signals with overlapped absorption lines.
3. The error sources in the procedure of wavelength correspondence were studied combined with laser static tuning characteristics after analyzing the importance of the wavelength correspondence in pressure detecting. A method of searching the sampling point wavelength from quadratic fitting curves of laser tuning characteristics data was used to eliminate the impact of tuning non-linear property to spectral line shape detection. Modulation index calibration and scanning frequency calibration based on the effect mechanism of modulation parameters to laser emission wavelength were applied to reduce value difference between wavelength sequences of various modulation parameters and improve the line shape detection accuracy.
4. Based on the above work, a research on TDLAS system application was carried out including single component concentration detection, multi-component gas detection, pressure detection and long path atmospheric monitoring by the experiment using different tuning way and signal processing method for different detection requirements. A set of calculation method and optimization process was summarized by selecting appropriate analytical means and fitting models to calculate the system output values, which provided an instructive basis for further development of such system.
引文
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