准连续激光波长调制光谱的理论与实验研究
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摘要
环境问题是当今全世界面临的最重要的问题之一。为了控制并改善大气环境，需要研究能够满足不同需求、高灵敏的气体检测技术。可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术（TDLAS）结合波长调制方法（WMS）是高灵敏的痕量气体检测技术。目前，TDLAS的光源主要是室温、连续、单模工作的激光器，为了将结构简单、价格低廉的准连续和多模激光器应用于高灵敏的痕量气体检测，本文开展了准连续激光波长调制谱的理论、方法及实验研究，主要内容包括以下三个部分：
1、构建了准连续激光波长调制光谱分析（QCW WMS）的理论体系，得到了准连续调制波长变化的理论表达式，结合傅立叶分析，给出了准连续调制谱谐波信号与气体吸收强度的关系。通过计算机仿真，研究了准连续调制谱各次谐波信号的特征，比较分析了不同谐波次数以及不同调制幅度下的谐波信号特点，为准连续激光波长调制谱的实际应用提供理论指导。
2、实验研究了利用准连续激光波长调制谱对CO_2的检测技术。使用近红外DFB激光器，工作在准连续模式下，实验研究了准连续激光波长调制谱的二次谐波信号特征，同时比较分析了其与传统连续激光波长调制谱二次谐波信号的异同，得到了二者具有相当检测灵敏度的结论。本文还对准连续二极管激光器在多重调制时谐波信号中的倍频、和频以及差频成分进行了研究分析，得到了几组比传统调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术中的二次谐波信号的幅度更大的和频、差频成分，有望在准连续波长调制谱技术中提高检测的灵敏度。
3、实验研究了准连续多模激光波长调制谱对CH_4的检测技术。首先通过计算机仿真，研究了多模二极管激光吸收光谱的机理。其次，利用傅立叶变换光谱仪测量了输出波长在2.2μm波段的准连续工作多模二极管激光器LD220的发射谱，并分析了其电流和温度调谐特性。最后，结合所研究准连续波长调制谱技术的研究结果，对CH_4进行了准连续多模激光波长调制谱二次谐波检测，得到了50ppm的检测灵敏度。
准连续激光波长调制谱技术使用准连续二极管激光器或者准连续多模二极管激光器，具有成本低、覆盖波长范围宽等优势，可利用单个激光器同时检测多种气体或气体的多条吸收线，从而可促进激光吸收光谱技术的普及应用。
The environmental pollution is one of the most severe problems in the world. Inorder to control and improve the atmospheric environment, it is needed to develop gasdetection technologies that with highly sensitive and adaptable for different needs.Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) combined with wavelengthmodulation method is a sensitive trace gas detection technology. Currently, the lightscources of TDLAS are mainly room temperature, continuous wave and single modelasers. In order to use the quasi-continuous wave and multi-mode lasers, which havesimple structures and low costs, in the high sensitive trace gas detection, this thesis ismainly research on the theory, method and experimants of quasi-continuous wavewavelength modulation spectroscopy (QCW WMS). And the main work includesthree parts as following:
1. This thesis built the theoretical system of quasi-continuous wave wavelengthmodulation spectroscopy (QCW WMS). The QCW modulated wavelength expressionwas acquired. Also, the relationships of QCW WMS harmonic signals and gasabsorption intensities were obtained based on Fourier analysis. Various harmonicsignals of QCW WMS were studied through computer simulations, and then thesignal characteristics with different harmonic orders and different modulationamplitudes were compared and analyzed. These results can provide the theoreticalguidance for the applications of QCW WMS.
2. The detection of CO_2with QCW WMS was studied experimentally. In theexperiments, a near-infrared (NIR) DFB diode laser working at QCW mode wasemployed as the QCW light source. The characteristics of the QCW second harmonicprofile was analyzed and compared with traditional continuous wave WMS, the resultshows that, QCW WMS can obtain the same detection sensitivity with continuousWMS. This thesis also studied the multiple frequency, sum frequency and differencefrequency of multiple modulation signals in the harmonics when multiple modulationsignals are super imposed onto the QCW diode laser injection current. Finally itobtained several sum frequency and difference frequency components that havinglarger amplitudes compared to the second harmonic wavelength modulation spectroscopy signal (2f-WMS) commonly used in tunable diode laser spectroscopy,and it may improve the detection sensitivity of QCW modulation spectroscopy.
3. The detection of CH_4with QCW multi-mode laser wavelength modulationspectroscopy was studied experimentally. The principle of multi-mode diode laserabsorption spectroscopy was firstly studied through computer simulations. A QCWmulti-mode diode laser emitting at2.2μm, named LD220, was selected as the lightsource in this study. The laser’s tuning characteristics with current and temperaturewere examined experimentally by use of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectrometer. Finally, combined the QCW WMS studied previously, this thesisrealized the application of QCW multi-mode wavelength modulation spectroscopywith second harmonic to detect the green house gas CH_4, and a50ppm’s sensitivitywas obtained.
QCW WMS by use of QCW diode lasers or QCW multi-mode diode lasers, havethe advangtages of low cost and wide wavelength cover range. It can detectmulti-gases or multi-lines of one gas with a single laser simultaneously. And it maypromote the widespread applictions of laser absorption spectroscopy.
1、构建了准连续激光波长调制光谱分析（QCW WMS）的理论体系，得到了准连续调制波长变化的理论表达式，结合傅立叶分析，给出了准连续调制谱谐波信号与气体吸收强度的关系。通过计算机仿真，研究了准连续调制谱各次谐波信号的特征，比较分析了不同谐波次数以及不同调制幅度下的谐波信号特点，为准连续激光波长调制谱的实际应用提供理论指导。
2、实验研究了利用准连续激光波长调制谱对CO_2的检测技术。使用近红外DFB激光器，工作在准连续模式下，实验研究了准连续激光波长调制谱的二次谐波信号特征，同时比较分析了其与传统连续激光波长调制谱二次谐波信号的异同，得到了二者具有相当检测灵敏度的结论。本文还对准连续二极管激光器在多重调制时谐波信号中的倍频、和频以及差频成分进行了研究分析，得到了几组比传统调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术中的二次谐波信号的幅度更大的和频、差频成分，有望在准连续波长调制谱技术中提高检测的灵敏度。
3、实验研究了准连续多模激光波长调制谱对CH_4的检测技术。首先通过计算机仿真，研究了多模二极管激光吸收光谱的机理。其次，利用傅立叶变换光谱仪测量了输出波长在2.2μm波段的准连续工作多模二极管激光器LD220的发射谱，并分析了其电流和温度调谐特性。最后，结合所研究准连续波长调制谱技术的研究结果，对CH_4进行了准连续多模激光波长调制谱二次谐波检测，得到了50ppm的检测灵敏度。
准连续激光波长调制谱技术使用准连续二极管激光器或者准连续多模二极管激光器，具有成本低、覆盖波长范围宽等优势，可利用单个激光器同时检测多种气体或气体的多条吸收线，从而可促进激光吸收光谱技术的普及应用。
The environmental pollution is one of the most severe problems in the world. Inorder to control and improve the atmospheric environment, it is needed to develop gasdetection technologies that with highly sensitive and adaptable for different needs.Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) combined with wavelengthmodulation method is a sensitive trace gas detection technology. Currently, the lightscources of TDLAS are mainly room temperature, continuous wave and single modelasers. In order to use the quasi-continuous wave and multi-mode lasers, which havesimple structures and low costs, in the high sensitive trace gas detection, this thesis ismainly research on the theory, method and experimants of quasi-continuous wavewavelength modulation spectroscopy (QCW WMS). And the main work includesthree parts as following:
1. This thesis built the theoretical system of quasi-continuous wave wavelengthmodulation spectroscopy (QCW WMS). The QCW modulated wavelength expressionwas acquired. Also, the relationships of QCW WMS harmonic signals and gasabsorption intensities were obtained based on Fourier analysis. Various harmonicsignals of QCW WMS were studied through computer simulations, and then thesignal characteristics with different harmonic orders and different modulationamplitudes were compared and analyzed. These results can provide the theoreticalguidance for the applications of QCW WMS.
2. The detection of CO_2with QCW WMS was studied experimentally. In theexperiments, a near-infrared (NIR) DFB diode laser working at QCW mode wasemployed as the QCW light source. The characteristics of the QCW second harmonicprofile was analyzed and compared with traditional continuous wave WMS, the resultshows that, QCW WMS can obtain the same detection sensitivity with continuousWMS. This thesis also studied the multiple frequency, sum frequency and differencefrequency of multiple modulation signals in the harmonics when multiple modulationsignals are super imposed onto the QCW diode laser injection current. Finally itobtained several sum frequency and difference frequency components that havinglarger amplitudes compared to the second harmonic wavelength modulation spectroscopy signal (2f-WMS) commonly used in tunable diode laser spectroscopy,and it may improve the detection sensitivity of QCW modulation spectroscopy.
3. The detection of CH_4with QCW multi-mode laser wavelength modulationspectroscopy was studied experimentally. The principle of multi-mode diode laserabsorption spectroscopy was firstly studied through computer simulations. A QCWmulti-mode diode laser emitting at2.2μm, named LD220, was selected as the lightsource in this study. The laser’s tuning characteristics with current and temperaturewere examined experimentally by use of a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)spectrometer. Finally, combined the QCW WMS studied previously, this thesisrealized the application of QCW multi-mode wavelength modulation spectroscopywith second harmonic to detect the green house gas CH_4, and a50ppm’s sensitivitywas obtained.
QCW WMS by use of QCW diode lasers or QCW multi-mode diode lasers, havethe advangtages of low cost and wide wavelength cover range. It can detectmulti-gases or multi-lines of one gas with a single laser simultaneously. And it maypromote the widespread applictions of laser absorption spectroscopy.
引文
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