外凸球形穴气吸式水稻植质钵育精量播种器性能的试验研究
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摘要
气吸式精量播种机是一种先进的播种机械,以其特有的优点被国内外广泛采用。但目前国内气吸式播种器的作业速度普遍较低,且各有缺点,与国外相比有较大差距。为进一步提高我国气吸式播种机性能,本文对气吸式精量播种机的播种器进行了试验研究。
首先,对气吸式播种机理进行分析,并对种子的受力情况进行了动力学分析。并对气吸式播种机的性能影响参数进行了分析,得到影响播种机播种质量的因素主要播种器的穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量等。
其次,结合实际经验,在理论分析的基础上设计了2BY-A型气吸式水稻植质钵育秧盘播种机,并对其工作过程进行简要说明。
最后,在播种机试验台上,改变播种器的不同参数(穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量等),采用单因素试验研究方法,得出穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量单独作用对三个性能指标的影响规律;采用三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计,建立各性能指标与三个影响因素之间的回归方程,即研究穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量对合格率、4粒以上率、3粒率等指标的影响规律。通过试验研究得出以下结论:
(1)在进行单因素试验研究中,得出:穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量均是影响性能指标的重要因素,三个因素的数值选择范围:穴口直径12～16mm,吸种孔直径1～3mm,吸种孔数量1～5个选择合理。
(2)在三因素五水平的正交旋转组合试验中,建立了各因素与各性能指标间的回归方程,分析了气吸式水稻精量播种器的穴口直径、吸种孔直径、吸种孔数量三个参数对合格率、4粒以上率、3粒率的影响规律。利用各性能指标的回归方程,采用主目标函数法,用DPS进行优化求解,最后对各指标综合评定后得到优化参数为:穴口直径16mm,吸种孔直径1mm,吸种孔数量2个,理论上可使合格率最高、4粒以上率最低,所得到的性能指标满足生产要求。
本课题的研究有利于改善气吸式水稻精量播种机的工作性能,提高整机性能。
The air-suction precision seeder is one kind of advanced sower, it is used in domestic and foreign countres for its unique merits. But at present , the seeding operating speed in domestic is generally low,and also having many defects,compared with many overseas countries it is having fallen behind.To further enhance the air-suction precision seeders’functions, a large number of studies on the air-suction precision seeder in my paper.
Firstly,theoretical analysis of the mechanism of air-suction seeder was carried out,and the seeds were analyzed from dynamic aspects.Taking the pass rate, the rate above 4 and the rate of 3 as targets,the parameters that will affect seeding quality of the air-suction seeder.Then it was obtained that the main factors affecting seeding quality of air-suction seeder is the diameter of the cavity, the diameter of the sucked hole and the number of hole.
Secondly,according to practical experience and based on the theoretical analysis, 2BY-A air-suction seeder for sowing rice in bowl-seedling tray which made of straw was designed,and also its work process was briefly illustrated.
Finally , through the seeder test-bed ,changing different parameters (the diameter of the cavity, the diameter of the sucked hole and the number of hole), through experiment of single factor ,the single-factor experiment about relationship between the test indexes and three parameters was analyzed irrerelevently. At the same time a test of the three orthogonal factors and the relationship between the pass rate, the rate above 4 and the rate of 3 and the diameter of the cavity , the diameter of the sucked hole and the number of hole,then obtained the regression equations.It drawed a conclusion from the test:
(1)In the single-factor experiment ,the diameter of the cavity , the diameter of the sucked hole and the number of hole were all important factors that influence the seeding qualitition.The rational range of 3 factors was respectively: the diameter of the cavity is 16mm; the diameter of the sucked holes is 1mm,the number of hole is 2.Thus, the combination of parameters could get sperior effects: the pass rate was the highest and the rate above 4 was the lowest.
(2) Then the experimental method of secondary orthogonal orating trial design of three factors five levels was used, regression equations about performance indexes and threshing and separating factors had been built.Their realationship was analyzed.Using DPS software,optimized technology parameters with objective function method,and concluded that the diameter of the cavity, 12～16mm; the diameter of the sucked hole:1～3mm,the number of hole:1～5,the results meet the production requirement.
These results hope to improve the work performance of air-suction precision seeder as well as the machine performance.
首先,对气吸式播种机理进行分析,并对种子的受力情况进行了动力学分析。并对气吸式播种机的性能影响参数进行了分析,得到影响播种机播种质量的因素主要播种器的穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量等。
其次,结合实际经验,在理论分析的基础上设计了2BY-A型气吸式水稻植质钵育秧盘播种机,并对其工作过程进行简要说明。
最后,在播种机试验台上,改变播种器的不同参数(穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量等),采用单因素试验研究方法,得出穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量单独作用对三个性能指标的影响规律;采用三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计,建立各性能指标与三个影响因素之间的回归方程,即研究穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量对合格率、4粒以上率、3粒率等指标的影响规律。通过试验研究得出以下结论:
(1)在进行单因素试验研究中,得出:穴口直径、吸种孔直径以及吸种孔数量均是影响性能指标的重要因素,三个因素的数值选择范围:穴口直径12～16mm,吸种孔直径1～3mm,吸种孔数量1～5个选择合理。
(2)在三因素五水平的正交旋转组合试验中,建立了各因素与各性能指标间的回归方程,分析了气吸式水稻精量播种器的穴口直径、吸种孔直径、吸种孔数量三个参数对合格率、4粒以上率、3粒率的影响规律。利用各性能指标的回归方程,采用主目标函数法,用DPS进行优化求解,最后对各指标综合评定后得到优化参数为:穴口直径16mm,吸种孔直径1mm,吸种孔数量2个,理论上可使合格率最高、4粒以上率最低,所得到的性能指标满足生产要求。
本课题的研究有利于改善气吸式水稻精量播种机的工作性能,提高整机性能。
The air-suction precision seeder is one kind of advanced sower, it is used in domestic and foreign countres for its unique merits. But at present , the seeding operating speed in domestic is generally low,and also having many defects,compared with many overseas countries it is having fallen behind.To further enhance the air-suction precision seeders’functions, a large number of studies on the air-suction precision seeder in my paper.
Firstly,theoretical analysis of the mechanism of air-suction seeder was carried out,and the seeds were analyzed from dynamic aspects.Taking the pass rate, the rate above 4 and the rate of 3 as targets,the parameters that will affect seeding quality of the air-suction seeder.Then it was obtained that the main factors affecting seeding quality of air-suction seeder is the diameter of the cavity, the diameter of the sucked hole and the number of hole.
Secondly,according to practical experience and based on the theoretical analysis, 2BY-A air-suction seeder for sowing rice in bowl-seedling tray which made of straw was designed,and also its work process was briefly illustrated.
Finally , through the seeder test-bed ,changing different parameters (the diameter of the cavity, the diameter of the sucked hole and the number of hole), through experiment of single factor ,the single-factor experiment about relationship between the test indexes and three parameters was analyzed irrerelevently. At the same time a test of the three orthogonal factors and the relationship between the pass rate, the rate above 4 and the rate of 3 and the diameter of the cavity , the diameter of the sucked hole and the number of hole,then obtained the regression equations.It drawed a conclusion from the test:
(1)In the single-factor experiment ,the diameter of the cavity , the diameter of the sucked hole and the number of hole were all important factors that influence the seeding qualitition.The rational range of 3 factors was respectively: the diameter of the cavity is 16mm; the diameter of the sucked holes is 1mm,the number of hole is 2.Thus, the combination of parameters could get sperior effects: the pass rate was the highest and the rate above 4 was the lowest.
(2) Then the experimental method of secondary orthogonal orating trial design of three factors five levels was used, regression equations about performance indexes and threshing and separating factors had been built.Their realationship was analyzed.Using DPS software,optimized technology parameters with objective function method,and concluded that the diameter of the cavity, 12～16mm; the diameter of the sucked hole:1～3mm,the number of hole:1～5,the results meet the production requirement.
These results hope to improve the work performance of air-suction precision seeder as well as the machine performance.
引文
[1]宋建农,庄乃生,王立臣,刘小伟,魏文军.21世纪我国水稻种植机械化发展方向[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(2):30～33.
[2]杨新春,张文毅,袁钊和.我国水稻生产机械化的现状与前景[J].中国农机化,2001,(1): 20～21
[3]梁宝忠,赵永亮,李宏伟.水稻直播的农机与农艺按术[J]农业装备,2008年
[4]姜兴权,李景新,初江.水稻育插秧机械化技术的发展研究[J].农机化研究,2008,(7):239～241
[5]董春旺,胡斌,坎杂,张若宇,李明志.工厂化穴盘育苗精量播种装置现状及发展对策[J].农机化研究,2008(8):247～249
[6]石宏,李达.目前国内外播种机械发展走向(I) [J].农业机械化与电气化,2000,(1),47
[7]周海波,马旭,姚亚利.水稻秧盘育秧播种技术与装备的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2008, 24(4): 301～306
[8]霍文国,肖继军,吕钊钦.浅析气力式精密播种机的发展及研究现状[J].山东农机,2003(3):11～12
[9]李林.气吸式排种器理论及试验的初步研究[J].农业机械学报,1979(10)3:56～63
[10]庞昌乐,鄂卓茂,苏聪英.气吸式双层滚筒水稻播种器设计与试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(5):52～55.
[11]庞振强,黄建兰,苏聪英.2ZBQ-300型双层滚简气吸式水稻播种机的设计与试验研究[J].广西农业机械化,2001(3):2～6
[12]刘彩玲,宋建农,张广智.气吸式水稻钵盘精量播种装置的设计与试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(2):43～46
[13]陈进,李耀明.气吸振动式播种试验台内种子运动规律的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33 (1): 47～50
[14]张清华,董晓盛,张吉军等.气吸式水稻钵育秧盘精量播种机的设计[J].机电产品开发与创新,2004,17(3):36～38
[15]汪春,张锡志,衣淑娟等.水稻育秧气吸式播种机的试验研究[J].机械设计与制造,2006(4):103～105
[16]王殿平,韩建勇,杨德东.气吸式精密播种机气吸装置气动分析[J].煤炭技术,2003(22):86～87
[17]Guarella P, Pellerano A, Pascuzzi S. Experimental and theoretical performance of a vacuum seeder nozzle for vegetable seeds[J].J Agric Eng Res,1996,64:29～36
[18]许剑平,谢宇峰,陈宝昌.国外气力式精密播种机技术现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究2008(12):203～206
[19]胡敏良,吴雪茹.流体力学[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,第3版,2008
[20]冯学民.理想流体及其运动规律浅析[J],陕西教育:188,192
[21]李耀明,陈进.气吸振动式播种试验台内种子的运动规律的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002.(1):47～50
[22]盛江源,高玉林.种子在吸孔气流作用下受力的数学模型及其试验研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,l989(11)1:77～83
[23]李耀明,刘彩玲,陈进.水稻育苗播种装置气力吸种部件的研究[J].农业机械学报. 1999,(30) 6:46～50
[24]中国农机研究所.实用机械设计手册(上)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[25]中国农机研究所.实用机械设计手册(下)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[26]袁立发,周静芋.试验设计与分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[27]赵立新.震动气吸针式精量播种机的性能与应用[J].中国农机化,2003,(1):16～17
[28]王希强.气吸滚筒式精密排种器的结构优化及试验研究[硕士学位论文].南京:江苏大学.2007
[29]庞昌乐.滚筒气吸式水稻播种机吸种技术的研究与试验[J].广西农业机械化,2000(1):15～16
[2]杨新春,张文毅,袁钊和.我国水稻生产机械化的现状与前景[J].中国农机化,2001,(1): 20～21
[3]梁宝忠,赵永亮,李宏伟.水稻直播的农机与农艺按术[J]农业装备,2008年
[4]姜兴权,李景新,初江.水稻育插秧机械化技术的发展研究[J].农机化研究,2008,(7):239～241
[5]董春旺,胡斌,坎杂,张若宇,李明志.工厂化穴盘育苗精量播种装置现状及发展对策[J].农机化研究,2008(8):247～249
[6]石宏,李达.目前国内外播种机械发展走向(I) [J].农业机械化与电气化,2000,(1),47
[7]周海波,马旭,姚亚利.水稻秧盘育秧播种技术与装备的研究现状及发展趋势[J].农业工程学报,2008, 24(4): 301～306
[8]霍文国,肖继军,吕钊钦.浅析气力式精密播种机的发展及研究现状[J].山东农机,2003(3):11～12
[9]李林.气吸式排种器理论及试验的初步研究[J].农业机械学报,1979(10)3:56～63
[10]庞昌乐,鄂卓茂,苏聪英.气吸式双层滚筒水稻播种器设计与试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2000,16(5):52～55.
[11]庞振强,黄建兰,苏聪英.2ZBQ-300型双层滚简气吸式水稻播种机的设计与试验研究[J].广西农业机械化,2001(3):2～6
[12]刘彩玲,宋建农,张广智.气吸式水稻钵盘精量播种装置的设计与试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(2):43～46
[13]陈进,李耀明.气吸振动式播种试验台内种子运动规律的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002,33 (1): 47～50
[14]张清华,董晓盛,张吉军等.气吸式水稻钵育秧盘精量播种机的设计[J].机电产品开发与创新,2004,17(3):36～38
[15]汪春,张锡志,衣淑娟等.水稻育秧气吸式播种机的试验研究[J].机械设计与制造,2006(4):103～105
[16]王殿平,韩建勇,杨德东.气吸式精密播种机气吸装置气动分析[J].煤炭技术,2003(22):86～87
[17]Guarella P, Pellerano A, Pascuzzi S. Experimental and theoretical performance of a vacuum seeder nozzle for vegetable seeds[J].J Agric Eng Res,1996,64:29～36
[18]许剑平,谢宇峰,陈宝昌.国外气力式精密播种机技术现状及发展趋势[J].农机化研究2008(12):203～206
[19]胡敏良,吴雪茹.流体力学[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,第3版,2008
[20]冯学民.理想流体及其运动规律浅析[J],陕西教育:188,192
[21]李耀明,陈进.气吸振动式播种试验台内种子的运动规律的研究[J].农业机械学报,2002.(1):47～50
[22]盛江源,高玉林.种子在吸孔气流作用下受力的数学模型及其试验研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,l989(11)1:77～83
[23]李耀明,刘彩玲,陈进.水稻育苗播种装置气力吸种部件的研究[J].农业机械学报. 1999,(30) 6:46～50
[24]中国农机研究所.实用机械设计手册(上)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[25]中国农机研究所.实用机械设计手册(下)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[26]袁立发,周静芋.试验设计与分析[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[27]赵立新.震动气吸针式精量播种机的性能与应用[J].中国农机化,2003,(1):16～17
[28]王希强.气吸滚筒式精密排种器的结构优化及试验研究[硕士学位论文].南京:江苏大学.2007
[29]庞昌乐.滚筒气吸式水稻播种机吸种技术的研究与试验[J].广西农业机械化,2000(1):15～16