基于静电传感器气/固两相流参数测量方法的研究
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摘要
气／固两相流广泛存在于工业生产和生活中,准确测量其流体参数是非常重要的。固体颗粒在被传送过程中由于碰撞与摩擦等原因,其表面会产生电荷。基于静电感应原理,采用静电传感器对气／固两相流参数进行测量(如电荷量、速度参数等)。静电传感器具有结构简单,价格低廉等优点,在测量气／固两相流参数中有很好的应用前景。
本文研究所涉及的静电传感器有插入式和环状两种,在前人工作的基础上,针对电极静电感应物理模型、电极特性及气／固两相流速度参数测量进行了研究,主要工作如下：
(1).根据静电感应原理,建立了插入式静电传感器点电荷数学模型、绳流数学模型和均匀弥散流数学模型；相应地,也获得了环状静电传感器的三种数学模型：中心轴线上连续质点的数学模型、均匀弥散流数学模型和绳流数学模型；并讨论了插入式电极和环状电极的灵敏度特性,所得结论可在设计电极时作为参考。
(2).根据测量系统传递函数的不变性,结合插入式静电传感器的点电荷数学模型,推导得到了插入式静电传感器空间滤波特性。并结合实验,进而得到了插入式电极空间滤波法测速的“3dB”原则。
(3).采用自由下落的细沙(粒径为0.1mm)作为测量对象,在2-7m/s的速度范围内完成互相关法速度测量。当细沙下落高度不变时,互相关测量结果偏离平均值的重复性误差在±2%之内；由于互相关法测量速度是一种绝对测量方法,利用环状电极互相关法速度测量结果对插入式电极空间滤波法速度测量结果进行了调整。
(4).利用所建实验装置,细线速度在1-25m/s的速度范围内,进行了气／固两相流速度参数模拟测量实验。结合实验探讨了影响插入式电极测量信号的一些因素：改变细线在管道截面上的位置,得到了电极灵敏度的分布图；在管道同一截面位置上改变细线速度,验证了电极的空间滤波特性。在完成互相关法和空间滤波法速度测量的同时,利用霍尔元件得到的细线速度,校正了环状电极互相关法测量速度,再用校正后的环状电极互相关法测量速度对插入式电极的空间滤波法测量速度进行了校正调整。
The accurate and on-line measurement of flow parameters is of great importance to gas-solid two phase flow widespread existing in lives and industries. Due to collision and friction of solid phase particles during being conveyed into the pipe, they will create charge on their superficies, and so electrostatic sensor may measure and obtain flow parameters of gas-solid two phase flow by electrostatic induction principle, such as solid phase charge quantity and velocity. Electrostatic sensors have better application prospect to measure flow parameters of gas-solid two phase flow with its simple structure and low cost.
There lie two types of studied electrostatic sensors that include the inserted and ring probe, and based on the predecessor work this thesis mainly studies the physical model of electrostatic induction, electrostatic sensor characteristic and the measurement method of gas-solid two phase flow parameters. The main work is as following:
(1). The mathematical models of the inserted electrostatic sensor are debated which include the mathematical model of the single particle and the mathematical model of the homogenous flow dispersed by electrostatic induction principle in this paper; With the same idea, three mathematical models of ring electrostatic sensor are obtained:the mathematical model of continuous mass point at the pipe central axial, the mathematical model of the homogeneous flow dispersed and the mathematical model of the roping flow; The sensitivity characteristics of ring and inserted probe researched have better actions guide electrostatic sensor design.
(2). The velocity measuring method of the inserted electrostatic sensor using spatial filtering effects is obtained with the point charge mathematical model established in this paper and transfer function inalterability of measurement system. With experiments it is obtained that "3dB" method of the inserted probe spatial filter velocity measures particles velocity of gas-solid two phase flow.
(3). When velocity of thin sand(0.1mm) seemed as measured object is within2-7m/s, the velocity is measured with cross correlation principle. With stationary velocity of thin sand, the repeatability error that measured velocity result deviates the mean value of cross correlation velocity sample is in range of±2%; Because cross correlation measurement method belongs to an absolutely measuring velocity method, adopting cross-correlation velocity of ring electrostatic sensor adjusts spatial filter velocity of electrostatic sensor inserted into pipe.
(4). Measurement experiments about velocity parameter of gas-solid two phase flow are realized with made-up experiment equipment, and the velocity value may be adjusted from1m/s to25m/s. Some influent factors of inserted probe are debated with made-up experiment equipment:With the change of thin line position on cross section of pipe the sensitivity plot of inserted probe is obtained; With the change of thin line velocity on the same position of pipe cross section, experiments proof the spatial filter characteristic of the inserted probe. When measurement system obtains cross correlation velocity and spatial filter velocity, employing hall element obtains the true velocity of thin line, and with the'true'thin line velocity cross correlation velocity of ring probe is corrected, with which the spatial filter velocity of inserted probe is adjusted.
本文研究所涉及的静电传感器有插入式和环状两种,在前人工作的基础上,针对电极静电感应物理模型、电极特性及气／固两相流速度参数测量进行了研究,主要工作如下：
(1).根据静电感应原理,建立了插入式静电传感器点电荷数学模型、绳流数学模型和均匀弥散流数学模型；相应地,也获得了环状静电传感器的三种数学模型：中心轴线上连续质点的数学模型、均匀弥散流数学模型和绳流数学模型；并讨论了插入式电极和环状电极的灵敏度特性,所得结论可在设计电极时作为参考。
(2).根据测量系统传递函数的不变性,结合插入式静电传感器的点电荷数学模型,推导得到了插入式静电传感器空间滤波特性。并结合实验,进而得到了插入式电极空间滤波法测速的“3dB”原则。
(3).采用自由下落的细沙(粒径为0.1mm)作为测量对象,在2-7m/s的速度范围内完成互相关法速度测量。当细沙下落高度不变时,互相关测量结果偏离平均值的重复性误差在±2%之内；由于互相关法测量速度是一种绝对测量方法,利用环状电极互相关法速度测量结果对插入式电极空间滤波法速度测量结果进行了调整。
(4).利用所建实验装置,细线速度在1-25m/s的速度范围内,进行了气／固两相流速度参数模拟测量实验。结合实验探讨了影响插入式电极测量信号的一些因素：改变细线在管道截面上的位置,得到了电极灵敏度的分布图；在管道同一截面位置上改变细线速度,验证了电极的空间滤波特性。在完成互相关法和空间滤波法速度测量的同时,利用霍尔元件得到的细线速度,校正了环状电极互相关法测量速度,再用校正后的环状电极互相关法测量速度对插入式电极的空间滤波法测量速度进行了校正调整。
The accurate and on-line measurement of flow parameters is of great importance to gas-solid two phase flow widespread existing in lives and industries. Due to collision and friction of solid phase particles during being conveyed into the pipe, they will create charge on their superficies, and so electrostatic sensor may measure and obtain flow parameters of gas-solid two phase flow by electrostatic induction principle, such as solid phase charge quantity and velocity. Electrostatic sensors have better application prospect to measure flow parameters of gas-solid two phase flow with its simple structure and low cost.
There lie two types of studied electrostatic sensors that include the inserted and ring probe, and based on the predecessor work this thesis mainly studies the physical model of electrostatic induction, electrostatic sensor characteristic and the measurement method of gas-solid two phase flow parameters. The main work is as following:
(1). The mathematical models of the inserted electrostatic sensor are debated which include the mathematical model of the single particle and the mathematical model of the homogenous flow dispersed by electrostatic induction principle in this paper; With the same idea, three mathematical models of ring electrostatic sensor are obtained:the mathematical model of continuous mass point at the pipe central axial, the mathematical model of the homogeneous flow dispersed and the mathematical model of the roping flow; The sensitivity characteristics of ring and inserted probe researched have better actions guide electrostatic sensor design.
(2). The velocity measuring method of the inserted electrostatic sensor using spatial filtering effects is obtained with the point charge mathematical model established in this paper and transfer function inalterability of measurement system. With experiments it is obtained that "3dB" method of the inserted probe spatial filter velocity measures particles velocity of gas-solid two phase flow.
(3). When velocity of thin sand(0.1mm) seemed as measured object is within2-7m/s, the velocity is measured with cross correlation principle. With stationary velocity of thin sand, the repeatability error that measured velocity result deviates the mean value of cross correlation velocity sample is in range of±2%; Because cross correlation measurement method belongs to an absolutely measuring velocity method, adopting cross-correlation velocity of ring electrostatic sensor adjusts spatial filter velocity of electrostatic sensor inserted into pipe.
(4). Measurement experiments about velocity parameter of gas-solid two phase flow are realized with made-up experiment equipment, and the velocity value may be adjusted from1m/s to25m/s. Some influent factors of inserted probe are debated with made-up experiment equipment:With the change of thin line position on cross section of pipe the sensitivity plot of inserted probe is obtained; With the change of thin line velocity on the same position of pipe cross section, experiments proof the spatial filter characteristic of the inserted probe. When measurement system obtains cross correlation velocity and spatial filter velocity, employing hall element obtains the true velocity of thin line, and with the'true'thin line velocity cross correlation velocity of ring probe is corrected, with which the spatial filter velocity of inserted probe is adjusted.
引文
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