碾压混凝土重力坝地震坝前动水压力研究
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摘要
当今世界，原油价格持续高涨，作为可再生能源之一的水利发电，为解决我国可持续发展的能源瓶颈问题，正发挥越来越大的作用。在西部大开发国策的支持下，我国将在水利资源非常丰富，同时地震烈度较高的西南和西北强震区规翅和修建一批水利水电工程，为东南和华南沿海地区提供电力，同时起到防洪、灌溉、引水、养殖等综合效益。大坝的工程浩大，投资巨大，大坝的抗震安全性能关系到下游广大地区工农业生产和人民生命财产的安全，因此，工程的安全级别很高，确定大坝在地震作用下的安全性具有特别重要的意义。
在水工抗震设计中，地震作用引起的坝前动水压力被当作一种重要的动力荷载来考虑。因此，研究坝前动水压力对大坝抗震安全性的影响具有重要的意义。本文以新疆喀拉苏克碾压混凝土重力坝的三维整体动力模型试验为基础，系统地对地震作用下碾压混凝土重力坝坝前动水压力的若干重要问题进行了试验研究及有限元数值分析。具体地，主要研究了以下几方面内容：
1 介绍了库水-大坝系统在地震下的相互作用的理论基础以及动水压的一些目前的研究成果，方法和主要影响因素的分析。
2 介绍了整体模型动力模型试验基础，包括相似理论，试验条件，模型材料，以及所作的试验工况，最后试验结果的整理与分析，包括动力特性以及动力反应特性的分析。
3 对坝前动水压力进行了基于ADINA8.2的数值模拟分析。通过对二维和三维流固耦合模型的数值计算，分析了坝高、地震动输入等级、地震动波形及河谷坡度对坝前动水压力的影响。
4 通过对试验结果及有限元数值计算的对比分析，研究了坝前动水压力的基本特性，包括动水压力的沿坝高的分布形式，以及动水压力随地震动输入等级的变化趋势。
本文以具体工程为研究背景，详细地探讨了坝前动水压力对大坝抗震安全性的重要影响，得到的结论为碾压混凝土坝的抗震设计提供了有意义的参考因素。应该看到，地震作用下坝体动水压力的分析还是个复杂的问题，其中涉及的一些问题还需进一步进行不断地深入研究。
These years witness a continuous rise of crude-oil prices in the world. As a renewable resource, hydroelectric power plays more and more important role in energy supply, relaxing the bottleneck of resources that China encounters in the process of development. Since northwestern and southwestern part of China within the range of meizoseismal area is rich in hydraulic water resource. China is constructing and planning many hydropower projects, fostering the development of the western region. Meanwhile, these projects could provide electric power and other profits for coastal area of southeast. The aseismic capabilities of hydropower projects have close relationship with lives and properties of people and productions of industry and agriculture, so it is important to consider the effect of earthquake loads in the design of these projects.
In the aseismic design of hydraulic structures, the hydrodynamic pressure on dams under earthquake loads is considered as an important load. As a result, study of hydrodynamic pressures on dams will play an important part in aseismic safety of dams. In this paper, the experimental and numerical analysis is systematically developed for the main problems on hydrodynamic pressure on dams, based on three-dimension integrated model tests for the Kalasuke dam in Xinjiang province.Specifically, the study is divided into four parts as follows:
1. Theory of interaction between water and sturucture and research findings for hydrodynamic pressure are introduced.
2. The prepared work of the integrated model tests is illuminated, including the material formulation, the adopted seismic waves, sensor distribution of the model tests, and analysis of the test results, such as the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response characteristics of the model dam.
3. Based on ADINA8.2 software, the numerical analysis of hydrodynamic pressures is performed. By the numerical analysis of two-dimension and three-dimension model, the impact of the dam height, the input grade of earthquake waves, earthquake waveform and the scope of river vally for hydrodynamic pressures are generally analyzed.
4. By the contrast of model test results and numerical analysis, basic properties of hydrodynamic pressure are given, including distribution of hydrodynamic pressure along the model dam, and the trend of hydrodynamic pressure change with the input grade of the earthquake load.
在水工抗震设计中，地震作用引起的坝前动水压力被当作一种重要的动力荷载来考虑。因此，研究坝前动水压力对大坝抗震安全性的影响具有重要的意义。本文以新疆喀拉苏克碾压混凝土重力坝的三维整体动力模型试验为基础，系统地对地震作用下碾压混凝土重力坝坝前动水压力的若干重要问题进行了试验研究及有限元数值分析。具体地，主要研究了以下几方面内容：
1 介绍了库水-大坝系统在地震下的相互作用的理论基础以及动水压的一些目前的研究成果，方法和主要影响因素的分析。
2 介绍了整体模型动力模型试验基础，包括相似理论，试验条件，模型材料，以及所作的试验工况，最后试验结果的整理与分析，包括动力特性以及动力反应特性的分析。
3 对坝前动水压力进行了基于ADINA8.2的数值模拟分析。通过对二维和三维流固耦合模型的数值计算，分析了坝高、地震动输入等级、地震动波形及河谷坡度对坝前动水压力的影响。
4 通过对试验结果及有限元数值计算的对比分析，研究了坝前动水压力的基本特性，包括动水压力的沿坝高的分布形式，以及动水压力随地震动输入等级的变化趋势。
本文以具体工程为研究背景，详细地探讨了坝前动水压力对大坝抗震安全性的重要影响，得到的结论为碾压混凝土坝的抗震设计提供了有意义的参考因素。应该看到，地震作用下坝体动水压力的分析还是个复杂的问题，其中涉及的一些问题还需进一步进行不断地深入研究。
These years witness a continuous rise of crude-oil prices in the world. As a renewable resource, hydroelectric power plays more and more important role in energy supply, relaxing the bottleneck of resources that China encounters in the process of development. Since northwestern and southwestern part of China within the range of meizoseismal area is rich in hydraulic water resource. China is constructing and planning many hydropower projects, fostering the development of the western region. Meanwhile, these projects could provide electric power and other profits for coastal area of southeast. The aseismic capabilities of hydropower projects have close relationship with lives and properties of people and productions of industry and agriculture, so it is important to consider the effect of earthquake loads in the design of these projects.
In the aseismic design of hydraulic structures, the hydrodynamic pressure on dams under earthquake loads is considered as an important load. As a result, study of hydrodynamic pressures on dams will play an important part in aseismic safety of dams. In this paper, the experimental and numerical analysis is systematically developed for the main problems on hydrodynamic pressure on dams, based on three-dimension integrated model tests for the Kalasuke dam in Xinjiang province.Specifically, the study is divided into four parts as follows:
1. Theory of interaction between water and sturucture and research findings for hydrodynamic pressure are introduced.
2. The prepared work of the integrated model tests is illuminated, including the material formulation, the adopted seismic waves, sensor distribution of the model tests, and analysis of the test results, such as the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response characteristics of the model dam.
3. Based on ADINA8.2 software, the numerical analysis of hydrodynamic pressures is performed. By the numerical analysis of two-dimension and three-dimension model, the impact of the dam height, the input grade of earthquake waves, earthquake waveform and the scope of river vally for hydrodynamic pressures are generally analyzed.
4. By the contrast of model test results and numerical analysis, basic properties of hydrodynamic pressure are given, including distribution of hydrodynamic pressure along the model dam, and the trend of hydrodynamic pressure change with the input grade of the earthquake load.
引文
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