循环流化床氢氧化铝焙烧系统设计研究
摘要
氧化铝作为一种基础的工业原材料,对国民经济的发展起着相当重要的作用,而我国氧化铝生产无论从数量还是质量上都不能满足国内市场的需要,每年都要大量进口,同时,国内的氧化铝生产成本居于世界前列。如何开展国内的氧化铝焙烧系统研究是一项重要的课题。
本文首先对国内外的焙烧方式进行了分析和比较,并对目前世界上主要的三种流态化焙烧方式进行了概述,提出了通过引进、吸收、创新来开展国内焙烧炉研究的基本思路,并以此思路展开了相应的研究工作。
本文首先根据流程图对焙烧系统流程及颗粒运动进行了分析,了解了湿物料的脱水过程及各单体设备在系统中的作用; 通过对系统进行物料及能量平衡计算,掌握了焙烧系统的物料及能量的分布情况,为焙烧系统的设计提供了依据。然后分别对焙烧系统中的主要设备如预热干燥器、焙烧主炉、旋风分离器的原理和特点进行了分析,了解了其结构特点和颗粒在其中的运动规律,从而从工程设计的角度对各设备的尺寸设计进行了详细的研究和探讨,同时还分析讨论了系统中各参数变化对系统运行的影响。
综合工程实际,本文开发了一套循环流化床氢氧化铝焙烧系统设计平台。该平台能对整个焙烧系统的物料及能量平衡、单体设备尺寸设计、阻力等进行分析和计算,是国内氧化铝焙烧行业自行编写的首个系统设计平台,已应用于国内氧化铝厂权威设计单位——贵阳铝镁设计研究院的焙烧系统辅助设计,具有安装简洁、界面友好、使用方便、计算准确等特点,其运用对于焙烧系统的设计具有直接的理论指导作用。
最后,本文对以上研究工作作了全面总结,提出了进一步的研究方向。
The alumina plays important role to development of Chinese economy as the industrial raw materials, and the alumina of Chinese production no matter in quantity, or quality can't meet market's demands, so a large amount of alumina must be imported from international market every year, however, the domestic alumina production costs occupies the front row of the world. It’s an important subject of roast industry that how to improve the quality of alumina production and reduce consumption.
In this paper the roast way of the civil and international was analyzed and compared firstly, and three main kinds of technological processes in the world at present were summarized, a basic method of theoretical research of the calcine system was given. Finally the corresponding research work was processed based on the research way.
In this paper calcine flow and particle movement has analyzed firstly, so it’s clear that the dehydration course of wet supplies and every single role in system of equipment; the distributions of supplies and energy were given through calculating the supplies and energy balance to the system which has offered the basis on the systematic design. Then the paper analyzed the principle and characteristic of capital equipment of system such as preheating water extractor, the main roast stove, cyclone separator, and the structure characteristic of equipments and the rule of particle movement were given, thus, the paper researched and discussed the size design of every equipment in terms of engineering design detailedly, the influence of system induced by operated parameters were analyzed and discussed at the same time.
This paper developed a design platform for Hydrated Alumina Circulation Fluid Bed Calcining System (HA-CFB-CS) connection the project reality. This platform can analyze and calculate the balance of supplies and energy, the size of single equipment and resistance time of the system, it is the first one domestic design platform of the alumina roast, and has been applied to GuiYang Aluminium Magnesium Design and Research Institute for assistant design of roast system already. The platform has the characteristics of easily install, friendly interfaces, convenience operation, exactly calculating, which can supervise the system design.
Finally, the thesis summarized the whole work and put forward to further researches.
本文首先对国内外的焙烧方式进行了分析和比较,并对目前世界上主要的三种流态化焙烧方式进行了概述,提出了通过引进、吸收、创新来开展国内焙烧炉研究的基本思路,并以此思路展开了相应的研究工作。
本文首先根据流程图对焙烧系统流程及颗粒运动进行了分析,了解了湿物料的脱水过程及各单体设备在系统中的作用; 通过对系统进行物料及能量平衡计算,掌握了焙烧系统的物料及能量的分布情况,为焙烧系统的设计提供了依据。然后分别对焙烧系统中的主要设备如预热干燥器、焙烧主炉、旋风分离器的原理和特点进行了分析,了解了其结构特点和颗粒在其中的运动规律,从而从工程设计的角度对各设备的尺寸设计进行了详细的研究和探讨,同时还分析讨论了系统中各参数变化对系统运行的影响。
综合工程实际,本文开发了一套循环流化床氢氧化铝焙烧系统设计平台。该平台能对整个焙烧系统的物料及能量平衡、单体设备尺寸设计、阻力等进行分析和计算,是国内氧化铝焙烧行业自行编写的首个系统设计平台,已应用于国内氧化铝厂权威设计单位——贵阳铝镁设计研究院的焙烧系统辅助设计,具有安装简洁、界面友好、使用方便、计算准确等特点,其运用对于焙烧系统的设计具有直接的理论指导作用。
最后,本文对以上研究工作作了全面总结,提出了进一步的研究方向。
The alumina plays important role to development of Chinese economy as the industrial raw materials, and the alumina of Chinese production no matter in quantity, or quality can't meet market's demands, so a large amount of alumina must be imported from international market every year, however, the domestic alumina production costs occupies the front row of the world. It’s an important subject of roast industry that how to improve the quality of alumina production and reduce consumption.
In this paper the roast way of the civil and international was analyzed and compared firstly, and three main kinds of technological processes in the world at present were summarized, a basic method of theoretical research of the calcine system was given. Finally the corresponding research work was processed based on the research way.
In this paper calcine flow and particle movement has analyzed firstly, so it’s clear that the dehydration course of wet supplies and every single role in system of equipment; the distributions of supplies and energy were given through calculating the supplies and energy balance to the system which has offered the basis on the systematic design. Then the paper analyzed the principle and characteristic of capital equipment of system such as preheating water extractor, the main roast stove, cyclone separator, and the structure characteristic of equipments and the rule of particle movement were given, thus, the paper researched and discussed the size design of every equipment in terms of engineering design detailedly, the influence of system induced by operated parameters were analyzed and discussed at the same time.
This paper developed a design platform for Hydrated Alumina Circulation Fluid Bed Calcining System (HA-CFB-CS) connection the project reality. This platform can analyze and calculate the balance of supplies and energy, the size of single equipment and resistance time of the system, it is the first one domestic design platform of the alumina roast, and has been applied to GuiYang Aluminium Magnesium Design and Research Institute for assistant design of roast system already. The platform has the characteristics of easily install, friendly interfaces, convenience operation, exactly calculating, which can supervise the system design.
Finally, the thesis summarized the whole work and put forward to further researches.
引文
[1] 氧化铝编写组,联合法生产氧化铝,冶金工业出版社,1976 年第一版.
[2] H.W.Schmidit, W.Stockhausen. Experience with 2000 MTPD Alunina Calciners. TMS AIMEANNU AT MEETING,1992.
[3] 陈岱,阎鼎欧.我国氧化铝生产形势和发展设想,轻金属,1997 第1 期,p12～20.
[4] 越武壮,段德炳,郝晓华.2001 年我国铝工业的生产经营情况分析,世界有色金属, 2002 年02 期p10～13.
[5] 陈学森.论提高我国氧化铝的市场竞争力,有色冶炼,2002 年8 月第4 期,p1～6.
[6] Bennett,I.(Univ of Bath ); Steven,R.Calcination and phase changes in alumina,Birth Ceramic Transaction,V97,n3,1998,p117-125.
[7] Ronald F.Nun,Reduce the Cost of Animuna Manufacture,Light metal ,1999,p 1169～1173.
[8] N.Denaxas and A.Zervos, Saving energy in alumina-aluminium plants. Energy Efficiency in Process Technology, Edited by P.A.Pilavacci.Elsevier Applied Science, London,1993.
[9] Schmidt, H.-W. (Lurgi Metallurgie GmbH); Stockhausen, W.; Silberberg, A.N. Alumina calcination with the advanced circulating fluid bed technology a design with increased efficiency combined with operating flexibility,TMS Annual Meeting (Warrendale, Pennsylvania), Light Metals, 1996, p 129-135.
[10] 杨重愚,氧化铝生产工艺学,冶金工业出版社,1993.
[11] 王文光,循环流化床氢氧化铝焙烧炉,轻金属,1995.6,p14.
[12] Gaignon, Richard. Innovative Shuttle Kiln Fires High-Alumina Brick at Rath. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Mar2005, Vol. 84 Issue 3, p34-38.
[13] 高贵超,氢氧化铝焙烧用循环流化床焙烧炉,第九届全国氧化铝学术会议, 1998.10
[14] 路军,1850t/d 气态悬浮焙烧炉性能考核与设计问题分析,轻金属,1998.9,p7
[15] 关崎,丹麦史密斯公司的氢氧化铝焙烧技术,世界有色金属,2000.8,p19
[16] 姬学良,氢氧化铝气态悬浮焙烧炉的技术改进,工业炉,2001.4 ,p29
[17] J.P.Henin and A.Lectard, Suspension flash calcining.Engineering and Mining October1993.
[18] F.RA.Jorgensen,Combustion in Flash Smelting Furnace,Light Metal,2001.5,p16～21.
[19] 傅文玲,国外循环流化床锅炉技术开发概述,煤化工,1994.11,p7
[20] 李生军,钜圆形锌精矿沸腾焙烧炉的设计与应用,有色金属,1997.6,p30
[21] 固体流态化与应用,化学工业出版社,1997.11
[22] H.И.叶列明等,氧化铝生产过程与设备,冶金工业出版社,1987
[23] Energy and Material Balance for Alumina Fluid Bed Calcinaers,Roldan Duarte,Light Metal,1992,p51
[24] 秦裕琨等,燃油燃气锅炉实用技术,中国电力出版社,2000
[25] 潘永康.现代干燥技术.化学工业出版社.1998.
[26] Arjona, R.; Ollero, P.; Vidal B. , Automation of an olive waste industrial rotary dryer. F.. Journal of Food Engineering, May2005, Vol. 68 Issue 2, p239-248.
[27] 童景山.流态化干燥技术.中国建筑工业出版社.1985.
[28] Sweet, Frederick. Low-Cost "Vacuum Desiccator". Journal of Chemical Education,Oct2004, Vol. 81 Issue 10, p1500-1508.
[29] 国家医药管理局上海医药设计院编,化工工艺设计手册(上、下),化学工业出版社,1985
[30] 顾芳珍等.气流干燥器的优化设计.天津大学学报.1996(3):413~417.
[31] 江体乾等,基础化学工程修订版(下册),化学工程出版社,1990.3,p358
[32] Reh, Lothar (LURGI GmbH, Frankfurt-am-Main, West Ger) Circulation Fluid Bed Reactor-Its Main Features and Application.Chemical Engineering and Processing,v 20,n 3,May-Jun,1986,p 117-127.
[33] 黎强,流态化原理及其应用,中国矿业大学出版社,1994.12
[34] 岑可法等,循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行,中国电力出版社,1999
[35] 金涌等,流态化工程原理,清华大学出版社,2001
[36] 刘德昌等,流化床燃烧技术的工业应用,中国电力出版社,1998.5,p142
[37] 林志杰等,流化床燃烧锅炉,能源部农村能源及电气化司,1992.5,p131
[38] Luo, Zhongyang; Wang,Shurong; Cen, Kefa. A model of wood flash pyrolysis in fluidized bed reactor. Renewable Energy: An International Journal, Mar2005, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p377-393.
[39] 岑可法,气固分离理论及技术,浙江大学出版社,1999.3
[40] 冯流,气相非均一系分离,化学工业出版社,1997.12
[41] Zhao, Bingtao. Development of a new method for evaluating cyclone efficiency. Chemical Engineering & Processing, Apr2005, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p447-452.
[42] 陈汉平,循环流化床气固分离的理论与应用,华中理工大学博士学位论文,2000
[2] H.W.Schmidit, W.Stockhausen. Experience with 2000 MTPD Alunina Calciners. TMS AIMEANNU AT MEETING,1992.
[3] 陈岱,阎鼎欧.我国氧化铝生产形势和发展设想,轻金属,1997 第1 期,p12～20.
[4] 越武壮,段德炳,郝晓华.2001 年我国铝工业的生产经营情况分析,世界有色金属, 2002 年02 期p10～13.
[5] 陈学森.论提高我国氧化铝的市场竞争力,有色冶炼,2002 年8 月第4 期,p1～6.
[6] Bennett,I.(Univ of Bath ); Steven,R.Calcination and phase changes in alumina,Birth Ceramic Transaction,V97,n3,1998,p117-125.
[7] Ronald F.Nun,Reduce the Cost of Animuna Manufacture,Light metal ,1999,p 1169～1173.
[8] N.Denaxas and A.Zervos, Saving energy in alumina-aluminium plants. Energy Efficiency in Process Technology, Edited by P.A.Pilavacci.Elsevier Applied Science, London,1993.
[9] Schmidt, H.-W. (Lurgi Metallurgie GmbH); Stockhausen, W.; Silberberg, A.N. Alumina calcination with the advanced circulating fluid bed technology a design with increased efficiency combined with operating flexibility,TMS Annual Meeting (Warrendale, Pennsylvania), Light Metals, 1996, p 129-135.
[10] 杨重愚,氧化铝生产工艺学,冶金工业出版社,1993.
[11] 王文光,循环流化床氢氧化铝焙烧炉,轻金属,1995.6,p14.
[12] Gaignon, Richard. Innovative Shuttle Kiln Fires High-Alumina Brick at Rath. American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Mar2005, Vol. 84 Issue 3, p34-38.
[13] 高贵超,氢氧化铝焙烧用循环流化床焙烧炉,第九届全国氧化铝学术会议, 1998.10
[14] 路军,1850t/d 气态悬浮焙烧炉性能考核与设计问题分析,轻金属,1998.9,p7
[15] 关崎,丹麦史密斯公司的氢氧化铝焙烧技术,世界有色金属,2000.8,p19
[16] 姬学良,氢氧化铝气态悬浮焙烧炉的技术改进,工业炉,2001.4 ,p29
[17] J.P.Henin and A.Lectard, Suspension flash calcining.Engineering and Mining October1993.
[18] F.RA.Jorgensen,Combustion in Flash Smelting Furnace,Light Metal,2001.5,p16～21.
[19] 傅文玲,国外循环流化床锅炉技术开发概述,煤化工,1994.11,p7
[20] 李生军,钜圆形锌精矿沸腾焙烧炉的设计与应用,有色金属,1997.6,p30
[21] 固体流态化与应用,化学工业出版社,1997.11
[22] H.И.叶列明等,氧化铝生产过程与设备,冶金工业出版社,1987
[23] Energy and Material Balance for Alumina Fluid Bed Calcinaers,Roldan Duarte,Light Metal,1992,p51
[24] 秦裕琨等,燃油燃气锅炉实用技术,中国电力出版社,2000
[25] 潘永康.现代干燥技术.化学工业出版社.1998.
[26] Arjona, R.; Ollero, P.; Vidal B. , Automation of an olive waste industrial rotary dryer. F.. Journal of Food Engineering, May2005, Vol. 68 Issue 2, p239-248.
[27] 童景山.流态化干燥技术.中国建筑工业出版社.1985.
[28] Sweet, Frederick. Low-Cost "Vacuum Desiccator". Journal of Chemical Education,Oct2004, Vol. 81 Issue 10, p1500-1508.
[29] 国家医药管理局上海医药设计院编,化工工艺设计手册(上、下),化学工业出版社,1985
[30] 顾芳珍等.气流干燥器的优化设计.天津大学学报.1996(3):413~417.
[31] 江体乾等,基础化学工程修订版(下册),化学工程出版社,1990.3,p358
[32] Reh, Lothar (LURGI GmbH, Frankfurt-am-Main, West Ger) Circulation Fluid Bed Reactor-Its Main Features and Application.Chemical Engineering and Processing,v 20,n 3,May-Jun,1986,p 117-127.
[33] 黎强,流态化原理及其应用,中国矿业大学出版社,1994.12
[34] 岑可法等,循环流化床锅炉理论设计与运行,中国电力出版社,1999
[35] 金涌等,流态化工程原理,清华大学出版社,2001
[36] 刘德昌等,流化床燃烧技术的工业应用,中国电力出版社,1998.5,p142
[37] 林志杰等,流化床燃烧锅炉,能源部农村能源及电气化司,1992.5,p131
[38] Luo, Zhongyang; Wang,Shurong; Cen, Kefa. A model of wood flash pyrolysis in fluidized bed reactor. Renewable Energy: An International Journal, Mar2005, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p377-393.
[39] 岑可法,气固分离理论及技术,浙江大学出版社,1999.3
[40] 冯流,气相非均一系分离,化学工业出版社,1997.12
[41] Zhao, Bingtao. Development of a new method for evaluating cyclone efficiency. Chemical Engineering & Processing, Apr2005, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p447-452.
[42] 陈汉平,循环流化床气固分离的理论与应用,华中理工大学博士学位论文,2000