植物性含湿多孔介质在干燥过程中优化传热传质机理的研究
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摘要
本课题属国家自然科学基金资助项目的一部分，已列入国家“种子工程”计划。本文在综述了植物性含湿多孔介质干燥研究与进展的基础上，结合大量实验与理论分析，进行了物料非稳态干燥动力学特性与物料颗粒内部水分扩散机理的研究，揭示了植物性含湿多孔介质优化传热传质的机理，发展了优化干燥理论，并为蔬菜种子干燥新机型的开发与研制提供了可靠的理论依据与技术基础。文中的主要工作如下：
1．实验研究：根据物料特点，研制并改进了固定床与振动床干燥实验系统，以谷物、中草药与蔬菜种子为代表性物料，应用学科交叉的研究方法分别以不同的干燥方式进行了物料的干燥动力学特性对比实验与同步种子生理实验，为进一步的理论研究与数学模型分析提供了可靠的基础，也是新型干燥机型研制的基础。
2．干燥理论模型：提出了由物料干燥过程非稳态干燥动力学方程、物料颗粒内部水分扩散模型、干燥系统运行特性分析的多项式模型组成的干燥机制模型体系，描述了从物料与干燥介质热质传递、物料内部水分输运，一直到干燥系统运行特性的过程特征。研究表明：干燥动力学方程的分析指明了优化传热传质的方向，物料颗粒内部水分扩散模型的数值计算揭示了优化传热传质的机理，以此为基础可以确定合理的干燥系统，组织优化的干燥工艺过程，而多项式模型分析了干燥系统的运行特性，是具体干燥系统进行优化控制的基础。
3．非稳态干燥力学方程的理论计算：结合蔬菜种子的对比干燥实验，应用方程定量分析了不同参数(如含水率、料层厚度、干燥介质温度、升温速率、振动参数)对干燥速率的影响，进行了优化变温干燥工艺的模拟与分析。研究表明：干燥动力学方程的形式(3—29)能够描述物料整个干燥过程的特征；升温速率是影响干燥过程的重要因素之一；优化的变温干燥工艺与恒温工艺脱去同样的水分，虽然干燥周期相同，但干燥进程不同，变温使物料在整个干燥过程中的平均料温较低，特别是物料在高温期的时间较短，有利于物料品质的保证与节约能源。
4．物料颗粒内部水分扩散模型的理论计算：采用有限差分法通过求解物料内部水分的扩散方程，模拟分析了蔬菜种子的脱水过程。通过边界条件的处理把反映物料干燥过程动态特性的实验含水率曲线与物料颗粒内部水分扩散有机地结合起来；提出了一种较准确地确定物料颗粒在非稳态脱水过程中内部水分扩散系数和分析内部水分分
This project has been supported by the National Science Foundation, and placed on "Seed Engineering". Based on the comprehensively description of the biological wet porous material drying study and development, a lot of experimental data obtained and theoretical analysis, engineering practice, this paper has researched the unsteady drying dynamic characteristics, the internal moisture diffusion in the drying process of biological wet porous material. The purpose is to reveal the mechanism of the optimizing heat and mass transfer, develop optimized drying theory, and supply reliable theoretical and technological basis for the design and manufacture of a new type of dryer for industrial use. The main efforts have been concentrated on the following aspects:
1. Experimental study: in accordance with the material characteristics, a set of new type of drying experimental facilities has been developed and improved, which consists of a multifunctional fixed bed and a spiral promotion vibrated fluidization bed. By applying different subject intersection, selecting grain, Chinese herb and vegetable seed as typical materials to be dried, this paper has carried out the contrast experiments on the material drying dynamic characteristics and the seed physiology test simultaneously. All these work has supplied the reliable basis of further theoretical study and mathematical model analysis, and the design of a new type of dryer.
2. Drying theoretical model: a set of drying theoretical model has been put forward, which consists of the unsteady drying dynamic equation and the internal moisture diffusion model, the drying system performance polynomial model. This set of mathematical model is to describe the drying process characteristics from the heat and mass transfer between the material and the external drying media, internal moisture diffusion, to drying system operation. And the unsteady drying dynamic equation is to analyze the direction of optimizing heat sand mass transfer, and the internal moisture diffusion model is to investigate the mechanism on optimizing of heat and mass transfer, on which to design the rational drying system and organize optimized drying technological process. The polynomial model is to
1．实验研究：根据物料特点，研制并改进了固定床与振动床干燥实验系统，以谷物、中草药与蔬菜种子为代表性物料，应用学科交叉的研究方法分别以不同的干燥方式进行了物料的干燥动力学特性对比实验与同步种子生理实验，为进一步的理论研究与数学模型分析提供了可靠的基础，也是新型干燥机型研制的基础。
2．干燥理论模型：提出了由物料干燥过程非稳态干燥动力学方程、物料颗粒内部水分扩散模型、干燥系统运行特性分析的多项式模型组成的干燥机制模型体系，描述了从物料与干燥介质热质传递、物料内部水分输运，一直到干燥系统运行特性的过程特征。研究表明：干燥动力学方程的分析指明了优化传热传质的方向，物料颗粒内部水分扩散模型的数值计算揭示了优化传热传质的机理，以此为基础可以确定合理的干燥系统，组织优化的干燥工艺过程，而多项式模型分析了干燥系统的运行特性，是具体干燥系统进行优化控制的基础。
3．非稳态干燥力学方程的理论计算：结合蔬菜种子的对比干燥实验，应用方程定量分析了不同参数(如含水率、料层厚度、干燥介质温度、升温速率、振动参数)对干燥速率的影响，进行了优化变温干燥工艺的模拟与分析。研究表明：干燥动力学方程的形式(3—29)能够描述物料整个干燥过程的特征；升温速率是影响干燥过程的重要因素之一；优化的变温干燥工艺与恒温工艺脱去同样的水分，虽然干燥周期相同，但干燥进程不同，变温使物料在整个干燥过程中的平均料温较低，特别是物料在高温期的时间较短，有利于物料品质的保证与节约能源。
4．物料颗粒内部水分扩散模型的理论计算：采用有限差分法通过求解物料内部水分的扩散方程，模拟分析了蔬菜种子的脱水过程。通过边界条件的处理把反映物料干燥过程动态特性的实验含水率曲线与物料颗粒内部水分扩散有机地结合起来；提出了一种较准确地确定物料颗粒在非稳态脱水过程中内部水分扩散系数和分析内部水分分
This project has been supported by the National Science Foundation, and placed on "Seed Engineering". Based on the comprehensively description of the biological wet porous material drying study and development, a lot of experimental data obtained and theoretical analysis, engineering practice, this paper has researched the unsteady drying dynamic characteristics, the internal moisture diffusion in the drying process of biological wet porous material. The purpose is to reveal the mechanism of the optimizing heat and mass transfer, develop optimized drying theory, and supply reliable theoretical and technological basis for the design and manufacture of a new type of dryer for industrial use. The main efforts have been concentrated on the following aspects:
1. Experimental study: in accordance with the material characteristics, a set of new type of drying experimental facilities has been developed and improved, which consists of a multifunctional fixed bed and a spiral promotion vibrated fluidization bed. By applying different subject intersection, selecting grain, Chinese herb and vegetable seed as typical materials to be dried, this paper has carried out the contrast experiments on the material drying dynamic characteristics and the seed physiology test simultaneously. All these work has supplied the reliable basis of further theoretical study and mathematical model analysis, and the design of a new type of dryer.
2. Drying theoretical model: a set of drying theoretical model has been put forward, which consists of the unsteady drying dynamic equation and the internal moisture diffusion model, the drying system performance polynomial model. This set of mathematical model is to describe the drying process characteristics from the heat and mass transfer between the material and the external drying media, internal moisture diffusion, to drying system operation. And the unsteady drying dynamic equation is to analyze the direction of optimizing heat sand mass transfer, and the internal moisture diffusion model is to investigate the mechanism on optimizing of heat and mass transfer, on which to design the rational drying system and organize optimized drying technological process. The polynomial model is to
引文
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