湍流式超细粉碎机的工艺优化试验研究
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摘要
本文以湍流式超细粉碎机为研究对象,利用该机制取了几种材料的亚微米级超细粉体。课题的研究目的是利用实验与理论分析相结合的方法对影响粉碎效果的因素进行分析。在此基础上,利用模型分析的方法对粉碎机的工作机理进行了探讨,为进一步优化粉碎机结构参数、改进结构提供了理论支持。
首先,介绍了与本课题有关的国内外气流粉碎设备和粉碎理论的发展现状。利用均匀设计的方法对几种中药材进行了多因素、多水平超细粉碎试验,并且结合实际情况对工艺参数进行了系统的分析,得出了在试验条件下的最佳工艺参数。试验结果表明,各因素对粉碎效果的影响有一定差别。叶轮转速的提高和粉碎时间的延长是造成粉体团聚的主要原因。在一定的加料质量水平下,每个叶轮转速水平都存在着一个团聚时间,随着叶轮转速的提高,团聚时间呈现缩短趋势。作者还对粉体的团聚机理进行了剖析。
其次,作者对目前气流粉碎机的各种数学模型进行了仔细分析。结合湍流式超细粉碎机的实际情况,建立起了基于化学反应速率理论的粉碎动力学模型和基于不可逆热力学过程的粉碎动力学模型,并且进行了实验验证。结果表明,基于化学反应速率理论的粉碎动力学模型与本机的实验数据吻合的比较好,因此,可以将这一模型作为以后对粉碎机进行进一步研究的理论依据。为了研究粉体粒子在粉碎机内的运动规律,建立了基于扩散理论的粉碎与传输模型,为实现多参数,多目标工艺优化打下了理论基础。为了改进粉碎机的结构设计,作者还建立了粉碎机的相似模型,从而为机器的大型化设计和工业应用提出了研究方向。
Pulverizer of turbulence was researched in this thesis, by which several material's submicron superfine powder were prepared. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the reasons effecting result by the experimental means and theory means. Based on these achievements, the working mechanism of the pulverizer of turbulence was analyzed, which will provide a theory support for parameters' optimization and structure's improvement.
First, the up-to-date theory about jet mill and comminution technology were introduced in this thesis. The multivariate and multilevel crushing experiments based on uniform design were conducted, regarding several kinds of traditional Chinese medicine as experimental material. In the same time, optimizations effecting result were analyzed systematically, and then the optimal optimizations in the experiment were obtained. Experiments were performed to validate that the contribution of each factor to the result was distinct. The increasing of impeller's rotative speed and the working time's extension are major reasons that cause the powder's polymerization. When the mass of the experimental material is defined, every speed of impeller's rotative speed corresponds with a polymerization time. By the increasing of the impeller's rotative speed, the corresponding polymerization time descends. The author also analyzed the mechanism of superfine powder's polymerization.
Second, the author has researched the mathematical models of jet mill carefully. And then the dynamics model based on chemical reaction rate and irreversible thermodynamic process were established. Meanwhile, the author also verified the two model by experiments, which showed that the dynamics model based on chemical reaction rate fitted the test data perfectly. So this model can be the theoretical basis for the further research. In order to study the motion law of particles inside the machine, the crushing and transmission model based on diffusion theory was established, which has made a theoretical basis for the multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization. In order to improve the machine's structure, a model based on similarity theory was established, which has brought up the research direction for the machine's enlargement design and application in the industry.
首先,介绍了与本课题有关的国内外气流粉碎设备和粉碎理论的发展现状。利用均匀设计的方法对几种中药材进行了多因素、多水平超细粉碎试验,并且结合实际情况对工艺参数进行了系统的分析,得出了在试验条件下的最佳工艺参数。试验结果表明,各因素对粉碎效果的影响有一定差别。叶轮转速的提高和粉碎时间的延长是造成粉体团聚的主要原因。在一定的加料质量水平下,每个叶轮转速水平都存在着一个团聚时间,随着叶轮转速的提高,团聚时间呈现缩短趋势。作者还对粉体的团聚机理进行了剖析。
其次,作者对目前气流粉碎机的各种数学模型进行了仔细分析。结合湍流式超细粉碎机的实际情况,建立起了基于化学反应速率理论的粉碎动力学模型和基于不可逆热力学过程的粉碎动力学模型,并且进行了实验验证。结果表明,基于化学反应速率理论的粉碎动力学模型与本机的实验数据吻合的比较好,因此,可以将这一模型作为以后对粉碎机进行进一步研究的理论依据。为了研究粉体粒子在粉碎机内的运动规律,建立了基于扩散理论的粉碎与传输模型,为实现多参数,多目标工艺优化打下了理论基础。为了改进粉碎机的结构设计,作者还建立了粉碎机的相似模型,从而为机器的大型化设计和工业应用提出了研究方向。
Pulverizer of turbulence was researched in this thesis, by which several material's submicron superfine powder were prepared. The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the reasons effecting result by the experimental means and theory means. Based on these achievements, the working mechanism of the pulverizer of turbulence was analyzed, which will provide a theory support for parameters' optimization and structure's improvement.
First, the up-to-date theory about jet mill and comminution technology were introduced in this thesis. The multivariate and multilevel crushing experiments based on uniform design were conducted, regarding several kinds of traditional Chinese medicine as experimental material. In the same time, optimizations effecting result were analyzed systematically, and then the optimal optimizations in the experiment were obtained. Experiments were performed to validate that the contribution of each factor to the result was distinct. The increasing of impeller's rotative speed and the working time's extension are major reasons that cause the powder's polymerization. When the mass of the experimental material is defined, every speed of impeller's rotative speed corresponds with a polymerization time. By the increasing of the impeller's rotative speed, the corresponding polymerization time descends. The author also analyzed the mechanism of superfine powder's polymerization.
Second, the author has researched the mathematical models of jet mill carefully. And then the dynamics model based on chemical reaction rate and irreversible thermodynamic process were established. Meanwhile, the author also verified the two model by experiments, which showed that the dynamics model based on chemical reaction rate fitted the test data perfectly. So this model can be the theoretical basis for the further research. In order to study the motion law of particles inside the machine, the crushing and transmission model based on diffusion theory was established, which has made a theoretical basis for the multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization. In order to improve the machine's structure, a model based on similarity theory was established, which has brought up the research direction for the machine's enlargement design and application in the industry.
引文
[1]李凤生.超细粉体技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2000
[2]陆厚根.粉体技术导论[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1998
[3]盖国胜,马正先.超细粉碎分级技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000
[4]卢寿慈.粉体加工技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999
[5]梁在潮.工程湍流[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999
[6]范天佑.断裂理论基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[7]李灏.断裂力学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1980
[8]陈传尧.疲劳与断裂[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002
[9]李兆霞.损伤力学及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[10]吉晓莉,崔亚伟,叶菁.流化床式气流磨工作介质和粒度的选择[J].武汉汽车工业大学学报,1999(8):40-43
[11]张克,张敬维,王洪有.扁平气流粉碎机制备超细粉体的研究[J],化工机械,1996(1):1-6
[12]秦国伟.中草药有效成分的提取和分离[C].第三届全国农副产品综合利用学术会议论文集,1995:224.
[13]蔡光先,杨永华,张水寒.微粉化对人参类药材有效成分的影响[J].中国医药学报,2001,16(6):26-28
[14]方开泰.均匀设计与均匀设计表[M].北京:科学出版社,1994
[15]陈魁.试验设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[16]王笃默.中药药理学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985
[17]刘振学,黄仁和,田爱民.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[18]李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[19]苏金明,傅荣华,周建斌等.统计软件SPSS系列应用实战篇[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[20]梁英教.物理化学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1992
[21]周美立.相似工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[22]徐挺.相似方法及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[23]潘金生,仝健民,田民波.材料科学基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[24]朱德通.最优化模型与实验[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2003
[25]郑水林.我国超细粉碎和精细分级技术进展[J].非金属矿,2000.9(12):31-33
[26]杨伏生,周安宁,葛岭梅.我国超细粉碎技术现状与发展趋势[J].化工矿 物与加工,2001,11(5):34-36
[27]李凤生,刘宏英,裴重华.我国超细粉体技术研究中一些重要而急待解决的问题[J].化工进展,1994,(5):14-16
[28]龚俊,李传民,侯运丰.常温下热塑性塑料的湍流超细粉碎研究[J].中国粉体技术,2004,(5):27-28
[29]李传民.湍流超细粉碎机理的初步研究[D].兰州理工大学硕士论文,2004,5
[30]侯立国.湍流超细粉碎设备的流场数值模拟[D].兰州理工大学硕士论文,2006,5
[31]刘顺隆,郑群.计算流体力学[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1998
[32]李凤生.特种超细粉体制备技术及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002
[33]言仿雷.超微气流粉碎技术[J].材料科学与工程,2000,25(4):56-58
[34]张小宁,徐更光.撞击流粉碎制备超细颗粒工艺的研究[J].功能材料,1999,18(8):21-23
[35]陈庭弟.日本的超微粉碎新动态[J].化工矿山技术,1994,14(4):12-14
[36]刘宏英,杨毅等.硬质木炭、竹炭超细粉碎技术研究[J].中国粉体技术,2006,13(5):17-18
[37]陈卫等.超细粉体粒度测量技术现状和新方法的探索[J].重庆大学学报,1997,22(6):56-58
[38]朱美玲,颜景平,刘志宏.机械法制备超细粉机理和能耗的理论研究[J].东南大学学报,1994,25(7):45-46
[39]郑新广.基于均匀化方法的材料设计与优化[D].大连理工大学硕士论文,2000,4
[40]苏艳丽.三七的超细粉碎研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文,2004,5
[41]石涛.石墨的超细粉碎研究[D].中南大学硕士论文,2004,5
[42]Arlishada.Simulate for Impact Reducing of Particle[J].Powder Technology,1994,118(8):20-25
[43]K.leschinski.Classification of Particles in the Submicron Range in an impeller WheelAir Classifier[J].KONA power and particle.1994,13(5):17-18
[44]Schwarcz H P,Shane K C.Measurement of Particle Shape by Fourier analysis[J].Sedimentalogy,1960,58(11):20-26
[45]Lu Hougen.Energy saving by modification of the vibration mill[J].Power Technology,1995,24(8):65-68
[46]Young B D,Bryson AW,Van Vliet B M.An evaluation of polygonal harmonics for the characterization of particle shape[J].Powder technology,1990,45(3):96-99
[47]Glinka G A.cumulative model of fatigue crack growth,Int[J].J of Fatigue,1982,52(6):39-41
[48]Enikolopian N S.Some aspects of chemistry and physics of plastic flow[J].Pure &Appl Chem,1985,10(5):87-911
[49]S.Molina-Boisseau,N.Le Bolay.Fine grinding of polymers in a vibrated bead mill[J].Powder Technology,1999,15(4):47-49
[50]C.EAustin L.G.A review introduction to the mathematical description Of grinding as a rate process[J].Powder Technology,1971,17(8):55-59
[51]Hosokawa Micron Corporation Hosokawa Product Handbook[M],1993,13(9):23-24
[52]Cadell R M.Deformation and Fracture of solid[J].Prontice-Hall.Inc,1980,18(7):43-52
[53]Feng Sheng Li.Surface Modification of Ultra-fine Ammonium Perchlorate and its Influence on Propellant Properties[J].Butterworths.Oxford U.K.1991,90(1):38-41
[2]陆厚根.粉体技术导论[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1998
[3]盖国胜,马正先.超细粉碎分级技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000
[4]卢寿慈.粉体加工技术[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999
[5]梁在潮.工程湍流[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999
[6]范天佑.断裂理论基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[7]李灏.断裂力学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,1980
[8]陈传尧.疲劳与断裂[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2002
[9]李兆霞.损伤力学及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002
[10]吉晓莉,崔亚伟,叶菁.流化床式气流磨工作介质和粒度的选择[J].武汉汽车工业大学学报,1999(8):40-43
[11]张克,张敬维,王洪有.扁平气流粉碎机制备超细粉体的研究[J],化工机械,1996(1):1-6
[12]秦国伟.中草药有效成分的提取和分离[C].第三届全国农副产品综合利用学术会议论文集,1995:224.
[13]蔡光先,杨永华,张水寒.微粉化对人参类药材有效成分的影响[J].中国医药学报,2001,16(6):26-28
[14]方开泰.均匀设计与均匀设计表[M].北京:科学出版社,1994
[15]陈魁.试验设计与分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[16]王笃默.中药药理学[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985
[17]刘振学,黄仁和,田爱民.实验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[18]李云雁,胡传荣.试验设计与数据处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[19]苏金明,傅荣华,周建斌等.统计软件SPSS系列应用实战篇[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[20]梁英教.物理化学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1992
[21]周美立.相似工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[22]徐挺.相似方法及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[23]潘金生,仝健民,田民波.材料科学基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[24]朱德通.最优化模型与实验[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2003
[25]郑水林.我国超细粉碎和精细分级技术进展[J].非金属矿,2000.9(12):31-33
[26]杨伏生,周安宁,葛岭梅.我国超细粉碎技术现状与发展趋势[J].化工矿 物与加工,2001,11(5):34-36
[27]李凤生,刘宏英,裴重华.我国超细粉体技术研究中一些重要而急待解决的问题[J].化工进展,1994,(5):14-16
[28]龚俊,李传民,侯运丰.常温下热塑性塑料的湍流超细粉碎研究[J].中国粉体技术,2004,(5):27-28
[29]李传民.湍流超细粉碎机理的初步研究[D].兰州理工大学硕士论文,2004,5
[30]侯立国.湍流超细粉碎设备的流场数值模拟[D].兰州理工大学硕士论文,2006,5
[31]刘顺隆,郑群.计算流体力学[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1998
[32]李凤生.特种超细粉体制备技术及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2002
[33]言仿雷.超微气流粉碎技术[J].材料科学与工程,2000,25(4):56-58
[34]张小宁,徐更光.撞击流粉碎制备超细颗粒工艺的研究[J].功能材料,1999,18(8):21-23
[35]陈庭弟.日本的超微粉碎新动态[J].化工矿山技术,1994,14(4):12-14
[36]刘宏英,杨毅等.硬质木炭、竹炭超细粉碎技术研究[J].中国粉体技术,2006,13(5):17-18
[37]陈卫等.超细粉体粒度测量技术现状和新方法的探索[J].重庆大学学报,1997,22(6):56-58
[38]朱美玲,颜景平,刘志宏.机械法制备超细粉机理和能耗的理论研究[J].东南大学学报,1994,25(7):45-46
[39]郑新广.基于均匀化方法的材料设计与优化[D].大连理工大学硕士论文,2000,4
[40]苏艳丽.三七的超细粉碎研究[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文,2004,5
[41]石涛.石墨的超细粉碎研究[D].中南大学硕士论文,2004,5
[42]Arlishada.Simulate for Impact Reducing of Particle[J].Powder Technology,1994,118(8):20-25
[43]K.leschinski.Classification of Particles in the Submicron Range in an impeller WheelAir Classifier[J].KONA power and particle.1994,13(5):17-18
[44]Schwarcz H P,Shane K C.Measurement of Particle Shape by Fourier analysis[J].Sedimentalogy,1960,58(11):20-26
[45]Lu Hougen.Energy saving by modification of the vibration mill[J].Power Technology,1995,24(8):65-68
[46]Young B D,Bryson AW,Van Vliet B M.An evaluation of polygonal harmonics for the characterization of particle shape[J].Powder technology,1990,45(3):96-99
[47]Glinka G A.cumulative model of fatigue crack growth,Int[J].J of Fatigue,1982,52(6):39-41
[48]Enikolopian N S.Some aspects of chemistry and physics of plastic flow[J].Pure &Appl Chem,1985,10(5):87-911
[49]S.Molina-Boisseau,N.Le Bolay.Fine grinding of polymers in a vibrated bead mill[J].Powder Technology,1999,15(4):47-49
[50]C.EAustin L.G.A review introduction to the mathematical description Of grinding as a rate process[J].Powder Technology,1971,17(8):55-59
[51]Hosokawa Micron Corporation Hosokawa Product Handbook[M],1993,13(9):23-24
[52]Cadell R M.Deformation and Fracture of solid[J].Prontice-Hall.Inc,1980,18(7):43-52
[53]Feng Sheng Li.Surface Modification of Ultra-fine Ammonium Perchlorate and its Influence on Propellant Properties[J].Butterworths.Oxford U.K.1991,90(1):38-41