单喷嘴流量试验器计算机测控系统研究
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摘要
航空发动机燃油喷嘴作为发动机的关键部件之一,其雾化特性直接影响燃油在燃烧室内的雾化、蒸发、掺混及燃烧过程,并决定燃料在燃烧空间内的分布状况。因此在投入使用前有必要对喷嘴的性能进行全面的检测与分析,而这就需要有专门对此进行检测的设备,该设备的工作性能、检测精度及检测效率等将直接影响发动机喷嘴的检测质量。单喷嘴流量试验器就是为专门检测喷嘴的喷雾特性而设计的非标设备。
本文主要研究工作如下:
(1)根据论文的研究内容,介绍了计算测控系统的特点、组成结构和研究现状;分析了发动机燃油喷嘴的发展和国内外研究现状。
(2)详细阐述了燃油流量试验器的基本功能,搭建了试验器的软硬件结构;研究了测控系统的工作原理及实现方式,给出了测控系统结构流程图。
(3)针对图像处理技术,分析了计算机数字图像处理的一般过程,研究了图像处理常用方法;画出了图像处理流程图,编写了图像识别与测控系统软件。
(4)给出了喷嘴雾化锥角和喷嘴流量不均匀度的定义及检测方法,分析了喷嘴测试系统的压力流量特性。通过将测控系统与图像处理技术的有机结合,研究了不同温度、压力以及喷嘴周向转角条件下喷雾锥角和不均匀度特性,得出了不同条件下喷嘴的雾化特性变化曲线。
通过对单喷嘴流量试验器测控系统的开发,分析了测控系统要求,构建了试验器测控系统的软硬件结构,完成了测控系统的软件开发,实现了发动机燃油喷嘴的流量特性测试,证明了流量试验器测控系统工作稳定,性能可靠。同时,根据试验结果得出了不同条件下喷嘴的喷雾锥角和不均匀度特性,并从多方面解释了影响喷嘴雾化特性的因素。
Aero-engine fuel nozzle, as one of the key components of the engine, its atomization characteristics influences the fuel’s atomization, evaporation, mixing and combustion process in the combustion chamber directly, and decides to the distribution of the fuel in the combustion space. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive detection and analysis of the performance before the nozzle put into use, this requires a dedicated testing equipment for the nozzle performance. The working performance, detection accuracy and detection efficiency of this equipment will impact the detection quality of the engine nozzle directly. In order to test the nozzle spray characteristics specially, the non-standard equipment of the single nozzle flow tester is designed.
The thesis main research and work as follows:
(1) According to the research content for the thesis, depicts the characteristics, the compositions and the research status of the computer measurement and control system. Analyses the development of the engine fuel nozzle at home and abroad.
(2) Described the basic functions of the fuel flow tester in detail, the hardware and software structure of the tester are built. The work principle and realize method of the measurement and control system is researched, the structure flowchart of the measurement and control system is given.
(3) Contrary to the image processing technology, the general process of the computer digital image processing is analysed, researches the methods which are commonly used in the image processing. The image processing flowcharts is draw, the software of the image recognition and measurement and control system are written.
(4) Gives the definition and detection methods of the spray cone angle and nozzle flow un-uniformity, analyses the pressure and flow characteristics of the nozzle test system. Through the organic combination of the measurement and control system and image processing technology, the spray cone angle and un-uniformity characteristics under the conditions of different temperature, pressure and nozzle rotational angle in circumference direction are studied, the spray nozzle atomization characteristic curves under different conditions are obtained.
Through development of the single nozzle flow tester measurement and control system, the measurement and control system requirements are analysis, the hardware and software structure of the tester measurement and control system are built, the control system software development is completed. Test of the engine fuel nozzle’s flow characteristics is achieved, work stable and rerformance reliable of the flow tester measurement and control system are proofed. At the same time, according to the result of the experiment, the nozzle spray cone angle and un-uniformity characteristics under the different conditions are obtained, the factors which affecting nozzle spray characteristics are explained from many aspects.
本文主要研究工作如下:
(1)根据论文的研究内容,介绍了计算测控系统的特点、组成结构和研究现状;分析了发动机燃油喷嘴的发展和国内外研究现状。
(2)详细阐述了燃油流量试验器的基本功能,搭建了试验器的软硬件结构;研究了测控系统的工作原理及实现方式,给出了测控系统结构流程图。
(3)针对图像处理技术,分析了计算机数字图像处理的一般过程,研究了图像处理常用方法;画出了图像处理流程图,编写了图像识别与测控系统软件。
(4)给出了喷嘴雾化锥角和喷嘴流量不均匀度的定义及检测方法,分析了喷嘴测试系统的压力流量特性。通过将测控系统与图像处理技术的有机结合,研究了不同温度、压力以及喷嘴周向转角条件下喷雾锥角和不均匀度特性,得出了不同条件下喷嘴的雾化特性变化曲线。
通过对单喷嘴流量试验器测控系统的开发,分析了测控系统要求,构建了试验器测控系统的软硬件结构,完成了测控系统的软件开发,实现了发动机燃油喷嘴的流量特性测试,证明了流量试验器测控系统工作稳定,性能可靠。同时,根据试验结果得出了不同条件下喷嘴的喷雾锥角和不均匀度特性,并从多方面解释了影响喷嘴雾化特性的因素。
Aero-engine fuel nozzle, as one of the key components of the engine, its atomization characteristics influences the fuel’s atomization, evaporation, mixing and combustion process in the combustion chamber directly, and decides to the distribution of the fuel in the combustion space. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive detection and analysis of the performance before the nozzle put into use, this requires a dedicated testing equipment for the nozzle performance. The working performance, detection accuracy and detection efficiency of this equipment will impact the detection quality of the engine nozzle directly. In order to test the nozzle spray characteristics specially, the non-standard equipment of the single nozzle flow tester is designed.
The thesis main research and work as follows:
(1) According to the research content for the thesis, depicts the characteristics, the compositions and the research status of the computer measurement and control system. Analyses the development of the engine fuel nozzle at home and abroad.
(2) Described the basic functions of the fuel flow tester in detail, the hardware and software structure of the tester are built. The work principle and realize method of the measurement and control system is researched, the structure flowchart of the measurement and control system is given.
(3) Contrary to the image processing technology, the general process of the computer digital image processing is analysed, researches the methods which are commonly used in the image processing. The image processing flowcharts is draw, the software of the image recognition and measurement and control system are written.
(4) Gives the definition and detection methods of the spray cone angle and nozzle flow un-uniformity, analyses the pressure and flow characteristics of the nozzle test system. Through the organic combination of the measurement and control system and image processing technology, the spray cone angle and un-uniformity characteristics under the conditions of different temperature, pressure and nozzle rotational angle in circumference direction are studied, the spray nozzle atomization characteristic curves under different conditions are obtained.
Through development of the single nozzle flow tester measurement and control system, the measurement and control system requirements are analysis, the hardware and software structure of the tester measurement and control system are built, the control system software development is completed. Test of the engine fuel nozzle’s flow characteristics is achieved, work stable and rerformance reliable of the flow tester measurement and control system are proofed. At the same time, according to the result of the experiment, the nozzle spray cone angle and un-uniformity characteristics under the different conditions are obtained, the factors which affecting nozzle spray characteristics are explained from many aspects.
引文
[1]侯晓春,季鹤鸣,刘庆国等.高性能航空燃气轮机燃烧技术.北京:国防工业出版社, 2002.
[2] Mcaldon K, ProciwLA, Sampath P. Design Aspects in Small Aircraft Gas Turbine Fuel Injectors[R]. AGARD Meeting,1993.
[3] Lefebvre AH. Atomization and spray. Hemisphere. New York,1989.
[4]徐刚.CFD在旋流喷嘴设计中的应用研究:(硕士学位论文).上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[5]庄逢辰.液体火箭发动机喷雾燃烧的理论、模型与应用,长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1995.
[6]陈俊,张宝诚,马洪安等.某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴的试验研究.燃气涡轮试验与研究,2006.19(3):40-43.
[7]王勤.计算机控制技术.南京:东南大学出版社.2003年55-81
[8]叶培华.数字控制技术.北京:清华大学出版社.2002年.12-14
[9]谭才彪.燃油试验台计算机测控系统研究:(硕士学位论文).贵阳:贵州大学,2006.
[10]肖百川.QCS003A计算机测控系统的设计与实现:(硕士学位论文).西安:西安交通大学,2003.
[11]孙传友.孙晓斌等编著.测控系统原理与设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.9.
[12]何小阳.计算机监控原理及技术.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2002.
[13] N.K.Rizk, J.S.Chin, Comprehensive Fuel Nozzle Model, AIAA 94-3278.
[14] A.A. Boretti, S. H. Jin, G. Zakis, M. J. Brear, W. Attard and H. Watson. Experimental and Numerical Study of an Air Assisted Fuel Injector for a D.I.S.I. Engine[J]. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES, 2007-01-1415.
[15] David L.S. Hung, David L. Harrington, Anand H. Gandhi etal. Gasoline Fuel Injector Spray Measurement and Characterization– A New SAE J2715 Recommended Practice. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2008-01-1068.
[16] A. H. Gandhi*, M. A. Meinhart. A Comparison of Cone Angle Measurement Techniques for the Fuel Spray from a Port Fuel Injector[J]. Triennial International Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Vail, Colorado USA, July 2009.
[17] Shao J,Yan Y,Greeves G,Smith S.Quantitative Characteriz -ation of Diesel Sprays Using Digital Imaging Techniques [J].Measurement Science and Technology,2003,14(7):1110—1116
[18]石芳敏.柴油机喷雾测试中的图像处理技术:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学硕士论文,1993.
[19]谢小梅.微粒场全息图光场分析及处理:(硕士学位论文).上海:上海交通大学,1988.
[20]王振国等.气液同轴离心式喷嘴喷雾流场数值模拟.推进技术,1996,17 (3).
[21]唐亮.火箭发动机同轴式喷嘴雾化特性研究:(硕士学位论文).长沙:国防科技大学硕士论文,2004.
[22]陈俊,张宝诚,马洪安等.某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴的试验研究.燃气涡轮试验与研究,2006.19(3):40-43.
[23]黄晓峰,周孑民,彭伟等.图像处理在发动机喷嘴性能检测中的应用.计算机测量与控制,2006.14(7):861~863.
[24]孔德英.发动机燃烧室喷嘴油雾角度的图像仿真实验研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:西北工业大学,2007.
[25]赛翰.喷嘴技术的发展和新型喷嘴技术.节能技术,1996,5.
[26]侯凌云,侯晓春.喷嘴技术手册.北京:中国石化出版社,2002.
[27]李世平,韦增亮,戴凡.PC计算机测控技术及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003,87-121.
[28]李铁.应用在柴油机喷雾测试研究中的计算机图像处理技术:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2000.
[29]吴建军,计算机图像处理技术在定量金相分析中的应用研究:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2002.
[30]张田昊.基于数字图像处理的燃油喷雾液滴测量的研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:长安大学,2005.3.
[31] Kenneth R, Castleman, Digital Image Processing[M], 2002.2.
[32]徐杰.数字图像处理.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009.
[33] Castleman数字图像处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[34]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学.北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[35]章毓晋.图像处理和分析.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[36]刘传才编著.图像理解与计算机视觉.厦门:厦门大学出版社, 2002.
[37] Trucco Emanuele, Verri Alessandro, Introductory Techniques for 3-D Computer Vision[J], Prentice Hall, 1991.
[38]邢燕.基于图像处理的智能小区视频监控系统的研究:(硕士学位论文).长春:吉林大学,2006.
[39]廖春明.柴油机喷雾场可视化研究及数值模拟:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2006.
[40]付磊.工业喷嘴喷雾特性测试系统研究与设计:(硕士学位论文).天津:天津大学,2007.
[41]齐瑞骞.基于机器视觉的产品包装检测系统研究:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[42]谢凤英,赵丹培主编.Visual C++数字图像处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[43]何斌,马天予,王运坚,朱红莲编著.Visual C++数字图像处理(第二版).北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[44] J-G Leu, Computing a Shape Moments From its Boundary[J], Pattern Recognition, 1991, 10:949-957.
[45]郑咸义.计算方法.广州:华南理工大学出版社,2003.
[46]彭泽琰,刘刚.航空燃气轮机原理(上册).北京:国防工业出版社,2001.
[2] Mcaldon K, ProciwLA, Sampath P. Design Aspects in Small Aircraft Gas Turbine Fuel Injectors[R]. AGARD Meeting,1993.
[3] Lefebvre AH. Atomization and spray. Hemisphere. New York,1989.
[4]徐刚.CFD在旋流喷嘴设计中的应用研究:(硕士学位论文).上海:上海交通大学,2008.
[5]庄逢辰.液体火箭发动机喷雾燃烧的理论、模型与应用,长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1995.
[6]陈俊,张宝诚,马洪安等.某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴的试验研究.燃气涡轮试验与研究,2006.19(3):40-43.
[7]王勤.计算机控制技术.南京:东南大学出版社.2003年55-81
[8]叶培华.数字控制技术.北京:清华大学出版社.2002年.12-14
[9]谭才彪.燃油试验台计算机测控系统研究:(硕士学位论文).贵阳:贵州大学,2006.
[10]肖百川.QCS003A计算机测控系统的设计与实现:(硕士学位论文).西安:西安交通大学,2003.
[11]孙传友.孙晓斌等编著.测控系统原理与设计.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.9.
[12]何小阳.计算机监控原理及技术.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2002.
[13] N.K.Rizk, J.S.Chin, Comprehensive Fuel Nozzle Model, AIAA 94-3278.
[14] A.A. Boretti, S. H. Jin, G. Zakis, M. J. Brear, W. Attard and H. Watson. Experimental and Numerical Study of an Air Assisted Fuel Injector for a D.I.S.I. Engine[J]. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES, 2007-01-1415.
[15] David L.S. Hung, David L. Harrington, Anand H. Gandhi etal. Gasoline Fuel Injector Spray Measurement and Characterization– A New SAE J2715 Recommended Practice. SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2008-01-1068.
[16] A. H. Gandhi*, M. A. Meinhart. A Comparison of Cone Angle Measurement Techniques for the Fuel Spray from a Port Fuel Injector[J]. Triennial International Annual Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Vail, Colorado USA, July 2009.
[17] Shao J,Yan Y,Greeves G,Smith S.Quantitative Characteriz -ation of Diesel Sprays Using Digital Imaging Techniques [J].Measurement Science and Technology,2003,14(7):1110—1116
[18]石芳敏.柴油机喷雾测试中的图像处理技术:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学硕士论文,1993.
[19]谢小梅.微粒场全息图光场分析及处理:(硕士学位论文).上海:上海交通大学,1988.
[20]王振国等.气液同轴离心式喷嘴喷雾流场数值模拟.推进技术,1996,17 (3).
[21]唐亮.火箭发动机同轴式喷嘴雾化特性研究:(硕士学位论文).长沙:国防科技大学硕士论文,2004.
[22]陈俊,张宝诚,马洪安等.某型航空发动机燃油喷嘴的试验研究.燃气涡轮试验与研究,2006.19(3):40-43.
[23]黄晓峰,周孑民,彭伟等.图像处理在发动机喷嘴性能检测中的应用.计算机测量与控制,2006.14(7):861~863.
[24]孔德英.发动机燃烧室喷嘴油雾角度的图像仿真实验研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:西北工业大学,2007.
[25]赛翰.喷嘴技术的发展和新型喷嘴技术.节能技术,1996,5.
[26]侯凌云,侯晓春.喷嘴技术手册.北京:中国石化出版社,2002.
[27]李世平,韦增亮,戴凡.PC计算机测控技术及应用.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003,87-121.
[28]李铁.应用在柴油机喷雾测试研究中的计算机图像处理技术:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2000.
[29]吴建军,计算机图像处理技术在定量金相分析中的应用研究:(硕士学位论文).重庆:重庆大学,2002.
[30]张田昊.基于数字图像处理的燃油喷雾液滴测量的研究:(硕士学位论文).西安:长安大学,2005.3.
[31] Kenneth R, Castleman, Digital Image Processing[M], 2002.2.
[32]徐杰.数字图像处理.武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2009.
[33] Castleman数字图像处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[34]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学.北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[35]章毓晋.图像处理和分析.北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[36]刘传才编著.图像理解与计算机视觉.厦门:厦门大学出版社, 2002.
[37] Trucco Emanuele, Verri Alessandro, Introductory Techniques for 3-D Computer Vision[J], Prentice Hall, 1991.
[38]邢燕.基于图像处理的智能小区视频监控系统的研究:(硕士学位论文).长春:吉林大学,2006.
[39]廖春明.柴油机喷雾场可视化研究及数值模拟:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2006.
[40]付磊.工业喷嘴喷雾特性测试系统研究与设计:(硕士学位论文).天津:天津大学,2007.
[41]齐瑞骞.基于机器视觉的产品包装检测系统研究:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[42]谢凤英,赵丹培主编.Visual C++数字图像处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2008.
[43]何斌,马天予,王运坚,朱红莲编著.Visual C++数字图像处理(第二版).北京:人民邮电出版社,2002.
[44] J-G Leu, Computing a Shape Moments From its Boundary[J], Pattern Recognition, 1991, 10:949-957.
[45]郑咸义.计算方法.广州:华南理工大学出版社,2003.
[46]彭泽琰,刘刚.航空燃气轮机原理(上册).北京:国防工业出版社,2001.