新型含三嗪环Gemini表面活性剂的物理化学性能研究
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摘要
Gemini表面活性剂是当前倍受关注的两亲分子，由于其在许多领域有着广泛的应用前景，而临界胶束浓度(CMC)和动态表面张力(DST)又是衡量表面活性剂性能优越与否的两个重要参数，因而对其热力学和动力学性质的进一步研究显得尤为重要。
本文采用最大泡压法(MBP)，对十种新型Gemini表面活性剂在303.15K、四个浓度(5.64mmol/L、8.46mmol/L、11.28mmol/L、16.92mmol/L)下的DST曲线进行了测定，对其动态吸附机理进行了研究。结果表明，浓度越大，γ(t)从γ0开始下降的速率越大；吸附初期为扩散控制吸附，吸附中期为混合动力控制吸附，吸附末期为拟扩散控制吸附。
采用电导率法，测定了两种X型Gemini表面活性剂在三个温度(298.15K、303.15K和308.15K)、三种比例(5%、10%和15%)(V/V)下的四种有机溶剂(甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇和1,4-二氧六环)/水溶液中的电导率，并求得了各自的临界胶束浓度、胶束离子化程度α。计算了胶束生成的各种热力学参数(?)上述参数的物理意义及变化规律。研究表明，这两种表面活性剂在各自体系下胶束的生成均为熵驱动过程，有机溶剂的加入使得其胶束更加难于生成，对应的CMC值有较大的提高，影响程度大小的顺序为：1,4-二氧六环＞甲醇＞乙二醇＞乙醇。
Gemini surfactant is amphiphilic molecules of receiving widespread attention byresearchers that has wide application prospects in many fields, the critical micelleconcentration (CMC) and the dynamic surface tension (DST) are two important parameters ofthe superior performance of surfactant, thus further study of its thermodynamic and kineticproperties is particularly important.
In this paper, the DST curves of ten kinds of novel Gemini surfactants were measuredby the maximum bubble pressure method(MBP) at 303.15K, at four concentration (5.64mmol/L, 8.46mmol/L, 11.28mmol/L, 16.92mmol/L), and the dynamic adsorption mechanism werestudied. The results show that the rate of thatγ(t) down fromγ0of the higher concentration isgreater; the adsorption process is controlled by diffusion at the start, the adsorption process ofthe mid is hybrid control adsorption and the adsorption process of the late is controlled bysimulant diffusion.
Conductivities of the two X-type Gemini surfactants were measured at threetemperatures (298.15K, 303.15K and 308.15K), and at three ratios (5%, 10% and 15%) (V/V)of four organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and 1,4-dioxane)/water, and theirrespective critical micelle concentration and degree of micelle ionizationαwere obtained. Thevarious thermodynamic parameters (?) were calculatedby the CMC, and the physical meaning of these parameters and variation were studied. Theresults show that the micelle formation of these surfactants in their systems are driven byentropy, the formation of micelle is more difficult due to the organic solvent addition and thecorresponding CMC is greatly improved, and the impact sequence is 1,4-dioxane > methanol> ethylene glycol > ethanol.
本文采用最大泡压法(MBP)，对十种新型Gemini表面活性剂在303.15K、四个浓度(5.64mmol/L、8.46mmol/L、11.28mmol/L、16.92mmol/L)下的DST曲线进行了测定，对其动态吸附机理进行了研究。结果表明，浓度越大，γ(t)从γ0开始下降的速率越大；吸附初期为扩散控制吸附，吸附中期为混合动力控制吸附，吸附末期为拟扩散控制吸附。
采用电导率法，测定了两种X型Gemini表面活性剂在三个温度(298.15K、303.15K和308.15K)、三种比例(5%、10%和15%)(V/V)下的四种有机溶剂(甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇和1,4-二氧六环)/水溶液中的电导率，并求得了各自的临界胶束浓度、胶束离子化程度α。计算了胶束生成的各种热力学参数(?)上述参数的物理意义及变化规律。研究表明，这两种表面活性剂在各自体系下胶束的生成均为熵驱动过程，有机溶剂的加入使得其胶束更加难于生成，对应的CMC值有较大的提高，影响程度大小的顺序为：1,4-二氧六环＞甲醇＞乙二醇＞乙醇。
Gemini surfactant is amphiphilic molecules of receiving widespread attention byresearchers that has wide application prospects in many fields, the critical micelleconcentration (CMC) and the dynamic surface tension (DST) are two important parameters ofthe superior performance of surfactant, thus further study of its thermodynamic and kineticproperties is particularly important.
In this paper, the DST curves of ten kinds of novel Gemini surfactants were measuredby the maximum bubble pressure method(MBP) at 303.15K, at four concentration (5.64mmol/L, 8.46mmol/L, 11.28mmol/L, 16.92mmol/L), and the dynamic adsorption mechanism werestudied. The results show that the rate of thatγ(t) down fromγ0of the higher concentration isgreater; the adsorption process is controlled by diffusion at the start, the adsorption process ofthe mid is hybrid control adsorption and the adsorption process of the late is controlled bysimulant diffusion.
Conductivities of the two X-type Gemini surfactants were measured at threetemperatures (298.15K, 303.15K and 308.15K), and at three ratios (5%, 10% and 15%) (V/V)of four organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol and 1,4-dioxane)/water, and theirrespective critical micelle concentration and degree of micelle ionizationαwere obtained. Thevarious thermodynamic parameters (?) were calculatedby the CMC, and the physical meaning of these parameters and variation were studied. Theresults show that the micelle formation of these surfactants in their systems are driven byentropy, the formation of micelle is more difficult due to the organic solvent addition and thecorresponding CMC is greatly improved, and the impact sequence is 1,4-dioxane > methanol> ethylene glycol > ethanol.
引文
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[2] Menger F. M., Littalu C. A.. Gemini surfactants:Synthesis and Properties[J]. Journal of theAmerican Chemical Society,1991,113(4),1451-1452.
[3]赵国玺.表面活性剂物理化学[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1984.
[4]武首香.孪连阴离子表面活性剂的合成、性能及在废纸脱墨中的应用研究[D].天津:天津科技大学,2006.
[5] Zhu Y. P., Masuyama A., Kirito Y., et al. Preparation and properties of double-ortriple-chain surfactants with two sulfonate groups derived from N-acyldiethanlamines[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society,1991, 68(7):539-543.
[6] Menger F. M., Migulin V. A.. Synthesis and properties of multiarmed geminis[J]. Journalof Organgic Chemistry,1999,64(24):8916-8921.
[7] Menger F. M., Keiper J S. Gemini surfactants[J]. Angewandte Chemie-InternationalEdition,2000,39(11):1907-1920.
[8] Zana R.. Dimeric and oligomeric surfactants. Behavior at interfaces and in aqueoussolution: a review[J]. Advances in colloid and interface science, 2002,97, 205-25
[9] Bunton C. A., Ronbinson L., Schack J., et al. Catalysis of nucleophilic substitutions bymicelles of dicationic detergent[J]. J Org.Chem, 1971, 36(16):2346-2350
[10] Okahara M., Masuyama A., Sumida Y, et al. Surface active properties of New types ofamphipathic compounds with two hydrophilic ionic groups and two lipophilic alkylchains[J]. Japans.Oil Chem.Soc(yukagaku),1988,37:716-718.
[11] Zhu Y. P., Masuyama A., Okahara M.. Preparation and properties of double or triple chainsurfactants with two sulfate groups derived from N-acyldicthanolamines[J]. Am.OilChem.Soc.,1990, 67(7):459-463.
[12] Zhu Y. P., Masuyama A., Okahara M.. Preparation and surface active properties ofamphipathic compounds with two sulfate groups and two lipophilic alkyl chains[J].Am.Oil Chem.Soc.,1991, 689(4):268-271.
[13] Menger F. M., Littau C. A., Gemini surfactants: a new class of self-assemblingmolecules[J]. Am.Chem.Soc.,1993 ,115(22):10083-10090.
[14] Rosen M.. Predicting synergism in binary of surfactants. Chemtech., 1993 :30-33.
[15] Zana R., Benrraou M., Rueff R.. Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylalkyl- ammonium bromide)surfactants. 1. Effect of the spacer chain length on the critical micelle concentration andmicelle ionization degree[J]. Langmuir, 1991, 7(6): 1072-1075.
[16] Zana R., Levy H..Mixed micellization of cetyltrimithylammonium bromide and anionicdimeric(Gemini)surfactant in aqueous solution[J]. Colloids Surf.A,1997, 127:229-232.
[17] Zana R., In M., Duportail H. L.. Alkanediyl-α,ω-bis(dimethylalkylammonium bromide).7. Fluorescence Probing Studies of Micelle Micropolarity and Microviscosity[J].Langmuir,1997, 13(21):5552-5557.
[18] Philippe Renouf, Charles Mioskowski, Luc Lebeau. Dimeric Surfactants : First Synthesisof an Asymmetrical Gemini Compound[J]. Tetrahedron Letters,1998,39(11):1357-1360.
[19]王江,王万兴.吉米尼(Gemini)两性表面活性剂合成及在浓乳剂中的应用[D].大连:大连理工大学,1997.
[20]赵剑曦.新一代表面活性剂：Geminis[J].化学进展,1999,11(4):348-357.
[21]陈功,黄鹏程,马云容等.一种双子表面活性剂的合成[J].精细化工,2001,18(8):440-442.
[22]谢红璐,王伟,王万兴.α-磺基硬脂酸聚乙二醇双酯钠盐的合成[J].精细化工,2002,19 (11):1-2.
[23]黄智,李成海,梁宇宁等. N,N′-双月桂酞基乙二胺二乙酸钠合成方法的改进[J].精细化工,2002,19(11):621-622.
[24]袁淑军,吕春绪,蔡春.一种新席夫碱型表面活性剂的合成及其表面活性[J].精细化工,2002,19(11):626-627.
[25]郭祥峰,陈华群,贾丽华.甘氨酸酯衍生物低聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的研究[J].精细化工,2002,19(7):376-377.
[26]苏瑜,马德福,薛仲华.十二烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠的合成[J].精细化工,2002,19(8):443-445.
[27] Tomokazu Yoshimura , Kunio Esumi . Synthesis and surface properties of anionicGemini surfactants with amide groups[J]. Journal of Colloid and InterfaceScience,2004,276: 231-238.
[28] Zhengning Yan, Yu Li, Xiaolan Wang, et al. Effect of glycyl dipeptides on the micellarbehavior of Gemini surfactant: A conductometric and fluorescence spectroscopic study[J].Journal of Molecular Liquids,2011,161:49-54.
[29]范歆,方云.双亲水基一双亲油基表面活性剂[J].日用化学工业,2000,30(3):20-24.
[30]张永明,朱红,夏建华等.磺酸盐型Gemini表面活性剂的合成及在三次采油中的应用研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2007,31(3):100-103.
[31]叶志文,迟波,钱华,鲁晨阳.Gemini表面活性剂的合成及其在乳化炸药中的应用[J].爆破器材,2004,33(3)：21-23.
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