纸质食品包装材料中有害物质的检测
|
摘要
纸质包装材料已成为重要的食品包装材料。研究发现其生产及后续加工过程中添加的化学物质部分会残留在纸张中,进而向食品中迁移,引起食品的污染。本文主要开展了如下方面的工作:
1.用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)法测定多种纸质食品包装材料中的污染物成分,结合国内外研究的相关资料从纸质食品包装材料及其添加剂化学残留物中选择有可能从纸质包装材料中迁移到食品中的22种化学物质或其替代品作为同时检测的目标物。
2.结合FDA建议做迁移实验的十二种化学物质,根据实际情况选择9种化学物质配制模拟组分溶液,制作被污染的纸质包装材料模拟样品,对萃取剂、萃取温度、萃取时间以及色谱条件进行摸索,气相色谱火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)法进行定量分析。
3.制作被22种化学品混合溶液污染的纸质包装材料模拟样品,对前处理条件及色谱条件进行优化,建立了气相色谱火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)法同时定量检测纸质包装材料中22种有害物质的方法,结果令人满意,为纸质包装材料中污染物的研究和检测方法的建立提供了支持。
Paperboard packages have become important packaging materials. Some of chemicals, such as additives added during manufacture or byproducts produced during subsequent treatment processes, can migrate into foods. The migration of harmful substances from these package materials to food resulted in contamination. And the following aspects of research works were mainly carried out:
1) According to the results of paper package samples analyzed by gas chromatographic- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and previous reports, we selected twenty-two kinds of model compounds from recovered paper and board (P&B) along with additives that could transfer into food as simultaneous determinate target compounds.
2) Nine organic model compounds were selected based on our study and the proposals by FDA. The samples were prepared according to the manufacture process of paper packaging materials, and influence factors, including extractive solvent, temperature, time and chromatographic condition were optimized. A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of nine organic model compounds by gas chromatography- flame ionization detector (GC-FID).
3) The model polluted samples were prepared by twenty-two organic model compounds solution selected based on our study. Pretreatment and chromatographic conditions were optimized. A rapid and effective method has been developed systematically and studied for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of twenty-two organic model compounds in the recycled paper packaging materials by gas chromatography-flame ion detector. The results were satisfactory. These data would benefit further research on contaminants in paper packaging materials and buildup of test method.
1.用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)法测定多种纸质食品包装材料中的污染物成分,结合国内外研究的相关资料从纸质食品包装材料及其添加剂化学残留物中选择有可能从纸质包装材料中迁移到食品中的22种化学物质或其替代品作为同时检测的目标物。
2.结合FDA建议做迁移实验的十二种化学物质,根据实际情况选择9种化学物质配制模拟组分溶液,制作被污染的纸质包装材料模拟样品,对萃取剂、萃取温度、萃取时间以及色谱条件进行摸索,气相色谱火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)法进行定量分析。
3.制作被22种化学品混合溶液污染的纸质包装材料模拟样品,对前处理条件及色谱条件进行优化,建立了气相色谱火焰离子化检测器(GC-FID)法同时定量检测纸质包装材料中22种有害物质的方法,结果令人满意,为纸质包装材料中污染物的研究和检测方法的建立提供了支持。
Paperboard packages have become important packaging materials. Some of chemicals, such as additives added during manufacture or byproducts produced during subsequent treatment processes, can migrate into foods. The migration of harmful substances from these package materials to food resulted in contamination. And the following aspects of research works were mainly carried out:
1) According to the results of paper package samples analyzed by gas chromatographic- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and previous reports, we selected twenty-two kinds of model compounds from recovered paper and board (P&B) along with additives that could transfer into food as simultaneous determinate target compounds.
2) Nine organic model compounds were selected based on our study and the proposals by FDA. The samples were prepared according to the manufacture process of paper packaging materials, and influence factors, including extractive solvent, temperature, time and chromatographic condition were optimized. A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of nine organic model compounds by gas chromatography- flame ionization detector (GC-FID).
3) The model polluted samples were prepared by twenty-two organic model compounds solution selected based on our study. Pretreatment and chromatographic conditions were optimized. A rapid and effective method has been developed systematically and studied for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of twenty-two organic model compounds in the recycled paper packaging materials by gas chromatography-flame ion detector. The results were satisfactory. These data would benefit further research on contaminants in paper packaging materials and buildup of test method.
引文
[1] Piringer, OG.; Baner AL.主编.范家起,张玉霞译.食品用塑料包装材料-阻隔功能、传质、品质保证和立法[M].北京:化学工业出版社. 2004.
[2]王厚安;苏翠金.中华人民共和国国家标准,GB1014-1991,食品包装纸[S],1991.
[3]张维兰;顾振华.中华人民共和国国家标准,GB11680-89,食品包装用原纸卫生标准[S],1990.
[4]顾民达.中国废纸回收利用政策法规.中华纸业[J].2008,(14):6-9.
[5]钟振声;黄景怡.蒲公英等五种常见中草药的抑菌研究[J].现代食品科技,2007,23(6):15-16.
[6] Mohammad, RF. Antimicrobial activities of Iranian sumac and avishane shirazi against some food-bomebacteria [J]. Food Control, 2007, 18: 646-649.
[7] Sturaro, A.; Parvoli, G.; Rella, R. Food contamination by diisopropylnaphthalenes from cardboard packages [J]. International Journal of Food Science Technology, 1994, 29: 593-603.
[8] Moody, C.; Field, JA. Perfluorinated surfactants and the environmental implications of their use in fire-fighting foams [J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2000, 34(18): 3864-3870.
[9]黄崇杏;王志伟;王双飞.纸质食品包装材料中的残留污染物[J].包装工程, 2007, 28(7): 12-15.
[10] Sarria, M.; Montana, M.; Simal, G. Toward a test of overall migration from the coated face of a recyeled paperboard food contact material into fatty food simulants[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997, 45: 2701-270.
[11] Nerin, C.; Asensio, E. Selection of solid food simulants for migration test from paper and board [J]. Woldpack, 2002, 2: 1181~1190.
[12]孟哲;廖询;孙丹丹等.食品包装材料上油墨中残留烷基苯成分分析及其迁移性的GC-MS研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2007,28(6):1039~1042.
[13]沈萍;陈向东.微生物学实验(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007,241.
[14]鄂有幸;王覃;李蕾.多氯联苯类化合物分子结构的理论研究[J].北京化工大学学报, 2006, 33(3): 81-84.
[15] Butenhof, JL.; Kenney, GL.; Frame, SR. There productive toxicology of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) in the rat [J]. Toxicology, 2004, l96 (1-2): 95-116.
[16] Ohmori, K.; Kudo, N.; Katayama, K. Comparison of the toxicokinetics between perfluorocarboxylic acids with different carbon chain length [J]. Toxicology, 2003, 184: 135-140.
[17] Soderhjelm, L.; Eskelinen, S. Characterization of packaging material with respect to taint and odours [J]. Appita, 1999, 38, 3: 205~209.
[18] Piringer, OG.; Banger, AL.食品用塑料包装材料-阻隔功能、传质、品质保证和立法[M].范家起,张玉霞,译.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004.
[19] Anon. Code of federal regulations[M].WASHING DC: Office of the federal register national archives and records administration. 1998.
[20] Cfcan. Office of food additive safety. Preparation of food contact notifications for food contact Substances: Toxicology Recommendations[S]. USA, 2002.
[21] Cfcan. Office of food additive safety. Guidance for industry-preparation of food contact notifications and food additive petitions for food contact substances: Chemistry recommendations, Final guidance. USA, 2002.
[22] Draft resolution on paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. 2001 available in http: / www. coe. Fr /soc-sp.
[23] Escabasse, JY.; Ottenio, D. Food-contact paper and boardbased on recycled fibres: Regulatory aspects- new rules and guidelines [J]. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2002, (19): 79-92.
[24] Landy, P.; Nicklaus, S. Smon E. Representativeness of extracts of offset paper packaging and analysis of the main odor-active compounds[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004, 52(8): 2326-2334.
[25]郭紫明;李艳春.卷烟包装材料中残留的挥发性有机物[J].烟草科技, 2007(2): 35-37.
[26]王双飞;黄崇杏;王志伟.顶空气相色谱法测定包装纸中有机污染物在纸和空气间的分配系数[J].分析化学研究简报, 2008, 36(10): 1396-1398.
[27] Nerin, C.; Asensio, E. Behaviour of organic pollutants in paper and board samples intended to be in contact with food [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004, 508: 185–191.
[28] Nenn, C.; Asensio, E.; Jimenez, C. Supercritical fluid extraction of potential migrants from paper and board intended for use as food packaging materials [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2002, 74: 5831-5836.
[29] Bononi, M.; Tateo, F. Identification of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) suspected as possible contaminant in recycled cellulose for take-awaypizza boxes [J]. Packaging Technology and Science, 2007, 22(1): 53-58.
[30] Carasek, E.; Budziak, D.; Debastiani R. Determination of haloanisoles in paper samples for food packaging by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography [J]. Microchimica Acta, 2007, 159: 229-234.
[31] Song, YS.; Park, HJ.; Komolprasert, V. Analytical procedure for quantifying five compounds suspected as possible contaminants in recycled paper/paperboard for food packaging [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2000, 48(12): 5856-5859.
[32] Canoa, JM.; Marin, ML.; Sanchez, A. Determination of adipate plasticizers in poly (vinyl chloride) by microwave-assisted extraction [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002, 963: 401-409.
[33] Latorre, A.; Lacorte, S.; Barcelo, D. Determination of nonylphenol and octylphenol in paper by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1065 (2): 251-256.
[34] Sonja, GA.; Matthis, B.; Matthas, K. Analysis and migration of phthalates in infant food packed in recycled paperboard [J].Agric.Food Chem., 2009, 57:10675–10681.
[35] Triantafyllou, VI.; Akrida, DK.; Demertzis, PG. A study on the migration of organic pollutants from recycled paperboard packaging materials to solid food matrices[J]. Food Chemistry.2007, 101: 1759–1768.
[36]Vasileios, IT.; Konstantoula, AD.; Panagiotis, GD. Migration studies from recycled paper packaging materials: development of an analytical method for rapid testing [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2002, 467: 253–260.
[37]王岩;李继民;赵彦军等.气相色谱法分析圆珠笔油墨[J].色谱, 2003, 21(4): 438-439.
[38]李忠;蒋次清.顶空气相色谱法测定卷烟材料中的溶剂残留[J].烟草科学研究,2003(4): 77-79.
[39]谢焰;浦俊卿.顶空-气相色谱法测定卷烟商标纸中的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)[C].2004中国烟草学会工业专业委员会烟草化学学组年会暨学术研讨会论文集.中国烟草学会工业专业委员会. 2004: 166-175.
[40]张承明;徐若飞;孔维松等.顶空-气相色谱法测定卷烟包装材料中的溶剂残留[J].理化检验-化学分册,2007, 43(5): 397-399.
[41]韩伟;贾晓川;李宁涛等.超高效液相色谱法测定食品包装材料中的富马酸二甲酯[J].包装工程, 2009, 30(12): 9-11.
[42]赵成仕;蒋俊树;夏春等.气质联用法测定复合食品包装袋中的二氨基甲苯[J].化学分析计量.2009, 18(1): 16-18.
[43]谭建华;李慧勇;郑艳明等.食品纸包装材料中指示性多氯联苯的固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法测定[J].分析测试学报, 2009, 28(3): 330-332.
[44]杨淑惠.植物纤维化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2005.
[45]陈嘉翔;余家鸾.植物纤维化学结构与分析方法[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社, 1989
[46] Binderup, ML.; Pedersen, GA.; Vinggaard, AM. Toxicity testing and chemical analyses of recycled fibre-based paper for food contact[J].Food Additivesand Contaminants, 2002, (19): 13–28.
[47] García, RS.; Silva, AS.; Cooper, IR. Revision of analytical strategies to evaluate different migrants from food packaging materials[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2006, 17: 354–366.
[48] Sanches, SA.; Cruz, JM.; Sendón, GR. Time–temperature study of the kinetics of migration of DPBD from plastics into chocolate, chocolate spread and margarine [J]. Food Research International, 2007, 40: 679–686.
[49] Esteve, FA.; Armenta, S.; Garrigues, S. Headspace–mass spectrometry determination of benzene, toluene and the mixture of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers in soil samples using chemometrics[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2007, 587: 89–96.
[50] Carrión, CC.; Lucena, R.; Cárdenas, S. Liquid–liquid extraction/headspace/gas chromatographic/ mass spectrometric determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, (o-,m-and p-)xylene and styrene in olive oil using surfactant-coated carbon nanotubes as extractant[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2007, 1171: 1–7.
[51] Sarafraz, A.; Amiri, AH.; Eshaghi, Z. Separation and determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene compounds in water using directly suspended droplet microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector[J].Talanta, 2009, 78: 936–941.
[52]张健;陈渝;赵荣等.顶空气相色谱法测定食品包装材料中溶剂残留物[J].分析测试学报. 2005, 24:357-359.
[53] Nerin, C.; Asensio, E. Behaviour of organic pollutants in paper and board samples intended to be in contact with food [J].Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004, 508: 185-191.
[54] Jerome, H. Food packaging regulation in the United States and the European Union [J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2005, 42: 96-122.
[55] Nerín, C.; Contín, E.; Asensio, E. Kinetic migration studies using Porapak as solid-food simulant to assess the safety of paper and board as food-packaging materials [J].Anal Bioanal Chem, 2007, 387: 2283–2288.
[56] Wendy, S.; Ian, C. Investigation of migration from paper and board into food-development of methods for rapid testing [J].Food Additives and Contaminants, 2001. 18, (1): 77- 88.
[57] Asako, O.; Yukihiko, Y.; Tadao, F. Chemical analysis and genotoxicological safety assessment of paper and paperboard used for food packaging [J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2004 (42): 1323-1337.
[58] Begley, T.; Castle, L.; Feigenbaum, A. Evaluation of migration models that might be used in support ofregulations for food-contact plastics [J]. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2005, 22(1): 73–90.
[59] Brinch, DS.; Pedersen, PB. Toxicological studies on Polyporus pinsitus laccase expressed by Aspergillus oryzae intended for use in food [J]. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2002, 19(4): 323-334.
[60] Song, YS.; Begley, T.; Paquette, K. Effectiveness of polypropylene film as a barrier to migration from recycled paperboard packaging to fatty and high-moisture food[J]. Food Additives and Contaminants,2003, 20(9): 875–883.
[61] Anderson, WA.; Castle, L. Benzophenone in cartonboard packaging materials and the factors that influence its migration into food [J]. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2003, 20, (6): 607-618.
[62] Kohtaro, O.; Naomi, K.; Kazunori, K. Comparison of the toxicokinetics between perfluorocarboxylic acids with different carbon chain length [J].2003, 184: 135-140.
[63] John, LB.; Gerald, LK.; Steven, RF. The reproductive toxicology of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) in the rat[J]. Toxicology, 2004, 196: 95-116.
[64] Salafranca, J.; Cacho, J.; Nerin, C. Determination of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Model Contaminants in Recycled High-Impact Polystyrene from Food-Contact Applications.Comparison of Extraction by Purge-and-Trap, Co-evaporation, and Total Dissolution [J]. Chromatographia. 2000, 51(9/10): 615-622.
[65]鲍晓霞;乔东;章晓氡等.中华人民共和国国家标准,GB 27404-2008,实验室质量控制规范食品理化检测[S].北京,中国标准出版社,2008.
[2]王厚安;苏翠金.中华人民共和国国家标准,GB1014-1991,食品包装纸[S],1991.
[3]张维兰;顾振华.中华人民共和国国家标准,GB11680-89,食品包装用原纸卫生标准[S],1990.
[4]顾民达.中国废纸回收利用政策法规.中华纸业[J].2008,(14):6-9.
[5]钟振声;黄景怡.蒲公英等五种常见中草药的抑菌研究[J].现代食品科技,2007,23(6):15-16.
[6] Mohammad, RF. Antimicrobial activities of Iranian sumac and avishane shirazi against some food-bomebacteria [J]. Food Control, 2007, 18: 646-649.
[7] Sturaro, A.; Parvoli, G.; Rella, R. Food contamination by diisopropylnaphthalenes from cardboard packages [J]. International Journal of Food Science Technology, 1994, 29: 593-603.
[8] Moody, C.; Field, JA. Perfluorinated surfactants and the environmental implications of their use in fire-fighting foams [J].Environmental Science and Technology, 2000, 34(18): 3864-3870.
[9]黄崇杏;王志伟;王双飞.纸质食品包装材料中的残留污染物[J].包装工程, 2007, 28(7): 12-15.
[10] Sarria, M.; Montana, M.; Simal, G. Toward a test of overall migration from the coated face of a recyeled paperboard food contact material into fatty food simulants[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997, 45: 2701-270.
[11] Nerin, C.; Asensio, E. Selection of solid food simulants for migration test from paper and board [J]. Woldpack, 2002, 2: 1181~1190.
[12]孟哲;廖询;孙丹丹等.食品包装材料上油墨中残留烷基苯成分分析及其迁移性的GC-MS研究[J].高等学校化学学报,2007,28(6):1039~1042.
[13]沈萍;陈向东.微生物学实验(第四版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007,241.
[14]鄂有幸;王覃;李蕾.多氯联苯类化合物分子结构的理论研究[J].北京化工大学学报, 2006, 33(3): 81-84.
[15] Butenhof, JL.; Kenney, GL.; Frame, SR. There productive toxicology of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) in the rat [J]. Toxicology, 2004, l96 (1-2): 95-116.
[16] Ohmori, K.; Kudo, N.; Katayama, K. Comparison of the toxicokinetics between perfluorocarboxylic acids with different carbon chain length [J]. Toxicology, 2003, 184: 135-140.
[17] Soderhjelm, L.; Eskelinen, S. Characterization of packaging material with respect to taint and odours [J]. Appita, 1999, 38, 3: 205~209.
[18] Piringer, OG.; Banger, AL.食品用塑料包装材料-阻隔功能、传质、品质保证和立法[M].范家起,张玉霞,译.北京:化学工业出版社, 2004.
[19] Anon. Code of federal regulations[M].WASHING DC: Office of the federal register national archives and records administration. 1998.
[20] Cfcan. Office of food additive safety. Preparation of food contact notifications for food contact Substances: Toxicology Recommendations[S]. USA, 2002.
[21] Cfcan. Office of food additive safety. Guidance for industry-preparation of food contact notifications and food additive petitions for food contact substances: Chemistry recommendations, Final guidance. USA, 2002.
[22] Draft resolution on paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. 2001 available in http: / www. coe. Fr /soc-sp.
[23] Escabasse, JY.; Ottenio, D. Food-contact paper and boardbased on recycled fibres: Regulatory aspects- new rules and guidelines [J]. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2002, (19): 79-92.
[24] Landy, P.; Nicklaus, S. Smon E. Representativeness of extracts of offset paper packaging and analysis of the main odor-active compounds[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004, 52(8): 2326-2334.
[25]郭紫明;李艳春.卷烟包装材料中残留的挥发性有机物[J].烟草科技, 2007(2): 35-37.
[26]王双飞;黄崇杏;王志伟.顶空气相色谱法测定包装纸中有机污染物在纸和空气间的分配系数[J].分析化学研究简报, 2008, 36(10): 1396-1398.
[27] Nerin, C.; Asensio, E. Behaviour of organic pollutants in paper and board samples intended to be in contact with food [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004, 508: 185–191.
[28] Nenn, C.; Asensio, E.; Jimenez, C. Supercritical fluid extraction of potential migrants from paper and board intended for use as food packaging materials [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2002, 74: 5831-5836.
[29] Bononi, M.; Tateo, F. Identification of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) suspected as possible contaminant in recycled cellulose for take-awaypizza boxes [J]. Packaging Technology and Science, 2007, 22(1): 53-58.
[30] Carasek, E.; Budziak, D.; Debastiani R. Determination of haloanisoles in paper samples for food packaging by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography [J]. Microchimica Acta, 2007, 159: 229-234.
[31] Song, YS.; Park, HJ.; Komolprasert, V. Analytical procedure for quantifying five compounds suspected as possible contaminants in recycled paper/paperboard for food packaging [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2000, 48(12): 5856-5859.
[32] Canoa, JM.; Marin, ML.; Sanchez, A. Determination of adipate plasticizers in poly (vinyl chloride) by microwave-assisted extraction [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002, 963: 401-409.
[33] Latorre, A.; Lacorte, S.; Barcelo, D. Determination of nonylphenol and octylphenol in paper by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2005, 1065 (2): 251-256.
[34] Sonja, GA.; Matthis, B.; Matthas, K. Analysis and migration of phthalates in infant food packed in recycled paperboard [J].Agric.Food Chem., 2009, 57:10675–10681.
[35] Triantafyllou, VI.; Akrida, DK.; Demertzis, PG. A study on the migration of organic pollutants from recycled paperboard packaging materials to solid food matrices[J]. Food Chemistry.2007, 101: 1759–1768.
[36]Vasileios, IT.; Konstantoula, AD.; Panagiotis, GD. Migration studies from recycled paper packaging materials: development of an analytical method for rapid testing [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2002, 467: 253–260.
[37]王岩;李继民;赵彦军等.气相色谱法分析圆珠笔油墨[J].色谱, 2003, 21(4): 438-439.
[38]李忠;蒋次清.顶空气相色谱法测定卷烟材料中的溶剂残留[J].烟草科学研究,2003(4): 77-79.
[39]谢焰;浦俊卿.顶空-气相色谱法测定卷烟商标纸中的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)[C].2004中国烟草学会工业专业委员会烟草化学学组年会暨学术研讨会论文集.中国烟草学会工业专业委员会. 2004: 166-175.
[40]张承明;徐若飞;孔维松等.顶空-气相色谱法测定卷烟包装材料中的溶剂残留[J].理化检验-化学分册,2007, 43(5): 397-399.
[41]韩伟;贾晓川;李宁涛等.超高效液相色谱法测定食品包装材料中的富马酸二甲酯[J].包装工程, 2009, 30(12): 9-11.
[42]赵成仕;蒋俊树;夏春等.气质联用法测定复合食品包装袋中的二氨基甲苯[J].化学分析计量.2009, 18(1): 16-18.
[43]谭建华;李慧勇;郑艳明等.食品纸包装材料中指示性多氯联苯的固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法测定[J].分析测试学报, 2009, 28(3): 330-332.
[44]杨淑惠.植物纤维化学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2005.
[45]陈嘉翔;余家鸾.植物纤维化学结构与分析方法[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社, 1989
[46] Binderup, ML.; Pedersen, GA.; Vinggaard, AM. Toxicity testing and chemical analyses of recycled fibre-based paper for food contact[J].Food Additivesand Contaminants, 2002, (19): 13–28.
[47] García, RS.; Silva, AS.; Cooper, IR. Revision of analytical strategies to evaluate different migrants from food packaging materials[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2006, 17: 354–366.
[48] Sanches, SA.; Cruz, JM.; Sendón, GR. Time–temperature study of the kinetics of migration of DPBD from plastics into chocolate, chocolate spread and margarine [J]. Food Research International, 2007, 40: 679–686.
[49] Esteve, FA.; Armenta, S.; Garrigues, S. Headspace–mass spectrometry determination of benzene, toluene and the mixture of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers in soil samples using chemometrics[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2007, 587: 89–96.
[50] Carrión, CC.; Lucena, R.; Cárdenas, S. Liquid–liquid extraction/headspace/gas chromatographic/ mass spectrometric determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, (o-,m-and p-)xylene and styrene in olive oil using surfactant-coated carbon nanotubes as extractant[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2007, 1171: 1–7.
[51] Sarafraz, A.; Amiri, AH.; Eshaghi, Z. Separation and determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene compounds in water using directly suspended droplet microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector[J].Talanta, 2009, 78: 936–941.
[52]张健;陈渝;赵荣等.顶空气相色谱法测定食品包装材料中溶剂残留物[J].分析测试学报. 2005, 24:357-359.
[53] Nerin, C.; Asensio, E. Behaviour of organic pollutants in paper and board samples intended to be in contact with food [J].Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004, 508: 185-191.
[54] Jerome, H. Food packaging regulation in the United States and the European Union [J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2005, 42: 96-122.
[55] Nerín, C.; Contín, E.; Asensio, E. Kinetic migration studies using Porapak as solid-food simulant to assess the safety of paper and board as food-packaging materials [J].Anal Bioanal Chem, 2007, 387: 2283–2288.
[56] Wendy, S.; Ian, C. Investigation of migration from paper and board into food-development of methods for rapid testing [J].Food Additives and Contaminants, 2001. 18, (1): 77- 88.
[57] Asako, O.; Yukihiko, Y.; Tadao, F. Chemical analysis and genotoxicological safety assessment of paper and paperboard used for food packaging [J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2004 (42): 1323-1337.
[58] Begley, T.; Castle, L.; Feigenbaum, A. Evaluation of migration models that might be used in support ofregulations for food-contact plastics [J]. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2005, 22(1): 73–90.
[59] Brinch, DS.; Pedersen, PB. Toxicological studies on Polyporus pinsitus laccase expressed by Aspergillus oryzae intended for use in food [J]. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2002, 19(4): 323-334.
[60] Song, YS.; Begley, T.; Paquette, K. Effectiveness of polypropylene film as a barrier to migration from recycled paperboard packaging to fatty and high-moisture food[J]. Food Additives and Contaminants,2003, 20(9): 875–883.
[61] Anderson, WA.; Castle, L. Benzophenone in cartonboard packaging materials and the factors that influence its migration into food [J]. Food Additives and Contaminants, 2003, 20, (6): 607-618.
[62] Kohtaro, O.; Naomi, K.; Kazunori, K. Comparison of the toxicokinetics between perfluorocarboxylic acids with different carbon chain length [J].2003, 184: 135-140.
[63] John, LB.; Gerald, LK.; Steven, RF. The reproductive toxicology of ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) in the rat[J]. Toxicology, 2004, 196: 95-116.
[64] Salafranca, J.; Cacho, J.; Nerin, C. Determination of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Model Contaminants in Recycled High-Impact Polystyrene from Food-Contact Applications.Comparison of Extraction by Purge-and-Trap, Co-evaporation, and Total Dissolution [J]. Chromatographia. 2000, 51(9/10): 615-622.
[65]鲍晓霞;乔东;章晓氡等.中华人民共和国国家标准,GB 27404-2008,实验室质量控制规范食品理化检测[S].北京,中国标准出版社,2008.