规则微孔端面非接触气体机械密封动态特性研究
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摘要
激光加工多孔端面机械密封(Laser Surface Textured Mechanical Seal,简称LST-MS)是近年来出现的一种新型密封,它具有优异的密封性能和端面润滑特性,能够有效的改善机械密封的运行状况。本文对气体润滑LST-MS动态特性进行研究。首先,基于气体润滑理论,建立了气体LST-MS数学模型,推导了气膜压力稳态控制方程和扰动控制方程,并采用有限差分法对稳态控制方程和扰动控制方程进行联立求解;其次,数值分析了频率数、面积比和布孔方式等参数对气体LST-MS气膜刚度、阻尼等特性参数的影响规律;最后,研究了边界滑移对气体LST-MS动态特性的影响,数值分析了密封压力、转速、逆努森数等参数对气体LST-MS气膜刚度、阻尼等特性参数的影响规律。结果表明,高频扰动易使密封产生气膜振荡而导致密封失稳;孔径尺寸对密封气膜影响明显,随微孔列数的增多,刚度和阻尼均将逐渐趋于某一稳定值,频率数越大,则稳定值对应的微孔列数越多;在高压(p_i＞0.4MPa)和中低转速(n＜6000rpm)条件下,滑移流对密封动态性能的影响较为显著,滑移流对密封的动态性能影响较为显著,此时必须考虑滑移流对其密封动态性能的影响。
Laser Surface Textured Mechanical Seal (LST-MS) is an innovative sealing technology developed in recent years. With its outstanding sealing performance and fine lubricating property, LST-MS can improve the motion performance of the mechanical seal to a large extent. The dynamic characteristic of a gas-lubricated LST-MS with regular dimpled surfaces is studied in the paper. Firstly, based on theory of gas lubrication, the mathematic model of such a gas-lubricated LST-MS is obtained and the control equation for film pressure between two faces under the steady-sate or perturbed conditions is deduced. Finite difference method is used to solve the aforementioned equations. Secondly, numerical analysis is introduced to research that a few parameters such as frequency, area ratio and the manner of pore disposal generate the influencing rules on LST-MS's stiffness and damping. Finally, the effects of operation conditions and geometric parameters on the LST-MS's dynamic characteristic are studied when slip flow is considered and the influencing rules on the LST-MS's dynamic characteristic which is form seal pressure, velocity and Kn is analysed. It is found that high frequency perturbation makes the seal generate gas film oscillation, which can result in seal instability. The size of pore diameter affects the gas film considerably. With the increasing number of micropore columns, stiffness and damping gradually go to a stable value. The higher the frequency is, the more the micropore columns under the stable value are. Under the condition of high pressure (p_i>0.4MPa) and low and moderate speeds (n<6000rpm), slip flow will more distinctly affect the LST-MS's dynamic characteristic, so it must be considered under the above conditions.
Laser Surface Textured Mechanical Seal (LST-MS) is an innovative sealing technology developed in recent years. With its outstanding sealing performance and fine lubricating property, LST-MS can improve the motion performance of the mechanical seal to a large extent. The dynamic characteristic of a gas-lubricated LST-MS with regular dimpled surfaces is studied in the paper. Firstly, based on theory of gas lubrication, the mathematic model of such a gas-lubricated LST-MS is obtained and the control equation for film pressure between two faces under the steady-sate or perturbed conditions is deduced. Finite difference method is used to solve the aforementioned equations. Secondly, numerical analysis is introduced to research that a few parameters such as frequency, area ratio and the manner of pore disposal generate the influencing rules on LST-MS's stiffness and damping. Finally, the effects of operation conditions and geometric parameters on the LST-MS's dynamic characteristic are studied when slip flow is considered and the influencing rules on the LST-MS's dynamic characteristic which is form seal pressure, velocity and Kn is analysed. It is found that high frequency perturbation makes the seal generate gas film oscillation, which can result in seal instability. The size of pore diameter affects the gas film considerably. With the increasing number of micropore columns, stiffness and damping gradually go to a stable value. The higher the frequency is, the more the micropore columns under the stable value are. Under the condition of high pressure (p_i>0.4MPa) and low and moderate speeds (n<6000rpm), slip flow will more distinctly affect the LST-MS's dynamic characteristic, so it must be considered under the above conditions.
引文
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[38]Zirkelback.N and San Andres.L,Parametric Study of Spiral Groove Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2000,43(2):337-343.
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[40]Miller.B and Green.I,The Dynamic Properties of Annular Gas Squeeze Film Dampers[J].STLE Tribology Transactions,2000,43(24):302-310.
[41]Miller.B and Green.I,Numerical Techniques for Computing Rotordynamic Properties of Mechanical Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2002,124(4):755-761.
[42]Green.I and Barnsby.R.M,A Simultaneous Numerical Solution for the Lubrication and Dynamic Stability of Noncontacting Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2001,123(2):388-394.
[43]Miller.B and Green.I,Semi-analytical Dynamic Analysis of Spiral-Grooved Mechanical Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2003,125(2):403-413.
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[2] Green.I, Gyroscopic and Support Effects on the Steady-State Response of a Non-contacting Flexibly-Mounted Rotor Mechanical Face Seals[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1989, 111 (2): 200-208.
[3] Wileman.J and Green.I, The Rotordynamic Coefficients of Mechanical Seals Having Two Flexibly Mounted Rotors[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1991, 113 (4): 795-804.
[4] Etsion.I, A Review of Mechanical Face Seal Dynamics[J]. Shock and Vibrition Digest, 1982, 14 (3):9-14.
[5] Green.I and Etsion.I, Stability Threshold and Steady-State Response of Noncontacing Coned-Face Seals[J]. ASLE Transactions, 1985, 28 (4): 449-460.
[6] Green.I and Etsion.I, Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Noncontacting Coned-Face Mechanical Seals[J]. ASLE Transactions, 1986, 29 (3): 383-393.
[7] Green.I and Etsion.I, Presure and Squeeze Effects on the Dynamic Characteristics of Elastomer O-ring Under Small Reciprocatiing Motion[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1986,108 (3): 439-445.
[8] Etsion.I, Mechanical Face Seal Dynamics Update[J]. The Shock and Vibration Digest, 1985, 17 (4): 11-15.
[9] Etsion.I, Mechanical Face Seal Dynamics 1985-1989[J]. The Shock and Vibration Digest, 1991, 23 (4): 3-7.
[10] Nau.B.S, Vibration and Rotory Mechanical Seals[J]. Tribology International, 1981, 4: 55-59.
[11] Green.I and Etsion.I, A Kinernatic Model for Mechanical Seals With Anti-rotation Locks or Positive Drive Devices[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1986, 108 (1): 42-44.
[12] Green.I and Etsion.I, Fluid Film Dynamic Coefficients in Mechanical Face Seals[J]. ASME Journal of Lubrication Technology, 1983, 105 (2): 297-302.
[13] Green.I, The Rotor Dynamic Coefficients of Coned-Face Mechanical Seals With Inward or Outward Flow[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1987, 109(1): 129-135.
[14] Wileman.J and Green.I, The Rotor Dynamic Coefficients of Eccentric Mechanical Face SeaIs[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1996, 118 (1): 215-224.
[15] Wileman.J and Green.I, Steady-State Analysis of Mechanical Seals With Two Flexibly Mounted Rotors[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1997, 119 (1): 200-204.
[16] Wileman.J and Green.I, Stability Analysis of Mechanical Seals With Two Flexibly Mounted Rotors[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1998, 120(2): 145-151.
[17] Wileman.J and Green.I, Parametric Investigation of the Steady-State Response of a Mechanical Seal With Two Flexibly Mounted Rotors[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology, 1990, 121 (1): 69-76.
[18] Wileman.J and Green.I, Dynamic Response of Eccentric Face Seals to Synchronous Shaft Whirl[J]. ASME Journal of Tribology,2004,126(2):301-309.
[19]Kligerman.Y and Etsion.I,Analysis of the Hydrodynamic Effects in a Surface Textured Circumferential Gas Seal[J].Tribol.Trans,2001,44:472-478.
[20]McNikel.A and Etsion.I,Near-Contact Laser Surface Textured Dry Gas Seals[J].ASME J.of Tribol,2004,126(4):788-794.
[21]Feldman.Y,Kligerman,Etsion.I and Haber.S,The Validity of the Reynolds Equation in Modeling Hydrostatic Effects in Gas Lubricated Textured Parallel Surfaces[J].ASME J.of Tribol,2006,128(2):345-350.
[22]Feldman.Y,Kligerman.Y and Etsion.l,A Hydrostatic Laser Surface Textured Gas Seal[J].Tribol.Lett,2006,22:21-28.
[23]Feldman.Y,Kligerman.Y and Etsion.I,Stiffness and Efficiency Optimization of a Hydrostatic Laser Surface Textured Gas Seal[J].ASME J.of Tribol,2007,129(3):407-410.
[24]何松,蔡仁良.激光纹理技术在机械密封中的应用[J].化工设备与防腐蚀,2002,5(2):115-117.
[25]于新奇,何松,等.激光加工多孔端面机械密封的摩擦特性试验研究[J].流体机械,2003,31(1):7-9.
[26]于新奇,何松,蔡仁良,等.激光加工多孔端面机械密封的动压分析[J].华东理工大学学报,2004,30(4):481-484.
[27]于新奇,刘美红,蔡仁良.激光加工多孔端面非接触机械密封的性能研究[J].流体机械,2005,33(1):20-24.
[28]杜东波,彭旭东.微孔参数对激光加工多孔端面机械密封性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2006,31(4):42-44.
[29]杜东波,骆建国,彭旭东,等.激光加工多孔端面机械密封的理论研究[J].流体机械,2006,34(5):12-14.
[30]彭旭东,杜东波,李纪云.不同型面微孔对激光加工多孔端面机械密封性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2006,26(4):367-371.
[31]潘晓梅,彭旭东,骆建国,等.激光加工多孔端面机械密封中空化边界条件的比较[J].润滑与密封,2006,31(2):47-50.
[32]潘晓梅,蔡永宁,彭旭东,等.激光加工多孔端面机械密封静压分析[J].流体机械,2007,35(3):18-20.
[33]Zirkelback.N and San Andres.L,Effect of Frequency Excitation on Force Coefficients of Spiral Groove Gas Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,1999,121(4):853-863.
[34]James.D.D and Potter.A.F,Numerical Analysis of the Gas-Lubricated Spiral-Groove Thrust Bearing -Compressor[J].ASME Journal of Lubrication and Technology,1967,89(4):439-444.
[35]Basu.P,Analysis of a Radial Groove Gas Face Seal[J].STLE Tribology Transactions,1992,35(1):11-20.
[36]Bonneau.D,Huitric.J and Tournirie.B,Finite Element Analysis of Grooved Gas Thrust Bearing and Grooved as Face Seals[J].ASME Journal ofTribology,1993,115(3):348-354.
[37]Cha.E and Bogy.D.B,A Numerical Scheme for Static and Dynamic Simulation of Subambient Pressure Shaped Rail Sliders[J].ASME Journal ofYribology,1995,117(1):36-46.
[38]Zirkelback.N and San Andres.L,Parametric Study of Spiral Groove Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2000,43(2):337-343.
[39]Miller.B and Green.I,On the Stability of Gas Lubricated Triboelements Using the Step Jump Method[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,1997,119(1):193-199.
[40]Miller.B and Green.I,The Dynamic Properties of Annular Gas Squeeze Film Dampers[J].STLE Tribology Transactions,2000,43(24):302-310.
[41]Miller.B and Green.I,Numerical Techniques for Computing Rotordynamic Properties of Mechanical Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2002,124(4):755-761.
[42]Green.I and Barnsby.R.M,A Simultaneous Numerical Solution for the Lubrication and Dynamic Stability of Noncontacting Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2001,123(2):388-394.
[43]Miller.B and Green.I,Semi-analytical Dynamic Analysis of Spiral-Grooved Mechanical Gas Face Seals[J].ASME Journal of Tribology,2003,125(2):403-413.
[44]彭旭东.机械密封动力学的发展概况[J].石油大学学报,1990,14(6):115-121.
[45]顾永泉.机械密封[M].山东东营:石油大学出版社,1994.
[46]刘雨川.端面气膜密封特性研究[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,北京:1999.
[47]刘雨川,王之栋,陆震,等.端面气膜密封修正准一维可压缩流分析[J].机械工程学报,1999,35(6):10-13.
[48]刘雨川,徐万孚,王之栋,等.端面气膜密封动力特性系数计算[J].清华大学学报,2002,42(2):185-189.
[49]刘雨川,徐万孚,王之栋,等.气膜密封角向摆动自振稳定性[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(4):1-6.
[50]李双喜,蔡纪宁,陈罕,等.高速螺旋槽气体密封轴向微扰的有限元分析[J].北京化工大学学报,2003,30(1):52-56.
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