基于GT-POWER的车用汽油机动力性能优化
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摘要
汽油机换气过程的好坏,直接影响发动机的动力性、燃油经济性及排放性能。本文通过优化汽油机的进气系统管道长度、谐振腔容积、凸轮型线及加装可变配气装置来改善换气过程,提高全负荷工况点的输出转矩,从而改善发动机的动力性能。
本研究首先应用发动机一维模拟软件GT-Power建立了某四缸车用汽油机工作过程的计算分析模型,计算分析了进、排气系统管道长度及谐振腔容积变化对进气管道内压力波动、充气效率的影响,总结得出了影响规律,在该规律的指导下,优化了进气系统管道长度及谐振腔容积。计算结果表明:优化进气系统后发动机的中、高转速区域的动力性能得到了较大改善,但对发动机低转速的动力性能的改善作用不大。
原发动机采用的是传统的配气机构,其配气相位不能随发动机的工况变化而做出相应的改变,这使得发动机低转速无法充分利用进气管道内的波动效应来提高充气效率。因此,本文在分析典型可变配气相位的机构特点,剖析配气相位中影响发动机性能的各种可变因素的基础上,确定了基于凸轮轴调相的可变配气相位的结构方案,提出了在该发动机上实施基于凸轮轴调相原理的可变配气相位技术应用方案。计算分析结果表明,采用可变配气相位技术可以较大幅度的提高发动机低转速、高转速的动力性能,也进一步验证了实施可变配气相位技术的可行性及优越性。
为了进一步提高发动机的动力性能,本研究对原发动机的凸轮型线的丰满度及缓冲段进行了优化。计算结果表明,优化凸轮型线后,发动机的充气效率得到了进一步提高,泵气损失有所减少,从而进一步改善了发动机的动力性能。
在优化了该发动机的进气系统管道长度、谐振腔容积、凸轮型线及加装可变配气装置后,发动机的动力性能得到了较大幅度的提高,最大功率达到了94.32kW/5750r/min,最大扭矩达到了167.54 N·m /4000 r/min ,分别比原机提高了8.29%、5.90%,达到了厂家所期望的水平。
The gas exchange process directly influences on the power, fuel economy and emissions of four stroke gasoline engines. This thesis describes how to improve engine full load performance by optimizing the intake system pipe length, resonance-cavity volume, the cam profile and adopting a Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system.
At the first, the engine performance simulation model is set up in the GT-Power, which is calibrated against the experimental data, and used for the analysis of the influences of the intake system length, exhaust system length and resonance-cavity volume on the full load performance. Design suggestions are recommended based on the simulation results. Then full load performances are optimized via varying the length of the intake system pipes and the volume of the resonance-cavity based on the design suggestions. The simulation results prove that the dynamic performance of the 4-cylinder gasoline engine is greatly improved through the optimization of the intake system.
Since the original engine adopts a traditional valve train, the valve timing can’t change with the engine operating conditions. This makes the engine unable to utilize the wave effect of the intake system to improve the volumetric efficiency at the low speeds. Therefore, this thesis analyzes the practical application tech technique as the variable valve timing and the variable factors of variable valve timing to engine performance. At the last, the technology for the VVT based on the camshaft phase shift theory is adopted. The simulation results prove that the dynamic performance is greatly improved by adopting the VVT at low and high speeds. It validates the superiority and feasibility of using the camshaft phase shift technique.
The cam profile is optimized by increasing the fullness and shortened the buffer segment for more engine powers. The simulation results prove that the pumping loss is decreased and engine dynamic performance at the full load is greatly improved.
In summary, the engine performance is improved by optimizing the intake system, resonance-cavity volume, the cam profile and adopting the VVT. The maximum power reaches 94.12kW/5750r/min, the maximum torque reaches 167.54 N·m /4000 r/min, the power and torque is improved by 8.29% and 5.90% respectively , meet the requirement of manufacturer.
本研究首先应用发动机一维模拟软件GT-Power建立了某四缸车用汽油机工作过程的计算分析模型,计算分析了进、排气系统管道长度及谐振腔容积变化对进气管道内压力波动、充气效率的影响,总结得出了影响规律,在该规律的指导下,优化了进气系统管道长度及谐振腔容积。计算结果表明:优化进气系统后发动机的中、高转速区域的动力性能得到了较大改善,但对发动机低转速的动力性能的改善作用不大。
原发动机采用的是传统的配气机构,其配气相位不能随发动机的工况变化而做出相应的改变,这使得发动机低转速无法充分利用进气管道内的波动效应来提高充气效率。因此,本文在分析典型可变配气相位的机构特点,剖析配气相位中影响发动机性能的各种可变因素的基础上,确定了基于凸轮轴调相的可变配气相位的结构方案,提出了在该发动机上实施基于凸轮轴调相原理的可变配气相位技术应用方案。计算分析结果表明,采用可变配气相位技术可以较大幅度的提高发动机低转速、高转速的动力性能,也进一步验证了实施可变配气相位技术的可行性及优越性。
为了进一步提高发动机的动力性能,本研究对原发动机的凸轮型线的丰满度及缓冲段进行了优化。计算结果表明,优化凸轮型线后,发动机的充气效率得到了进一步提高,泵气损失有所减少,从而进一步改善了发动机的动力性能。
在优化了该发动机的进气系统管道长度、谐振腔容积、凸轮型线及加装可变配气装置后,发动机的动力性能得到了较大幅度的提高,最大功率达到了94.32kW/5750r/min,最大扭矩达到了167.54 N·m /4000 r/min ,分别比原机提高了8.29%、5.90%,达到了厂家所期望的水平。
The gas exchange process directly influences on the power, fuel economy and emissions of four stroke gasoline engines. This thesis describes how to improve engine full load performance by optimizing the intake system pipe length, resonance-cavity volume, the cam profile and adopting a Variable Valve Timing (VVT) system.
At the first, the engine performance simulation model is set up in the GT-Power, which is calibrated against the experimental data, and used for the analysis of the influences of the intake system length, exhaust system length and resonance-cavity volume on the full load performance. Design suggestions are recommended based on the simulation results. Then full load performances are optimized via varying the length of the intake system pipes and the volume of the resonance-cavity based on the design suggestions. The simulation results prove that the dynamic performance of the 4-cylinder gasoline engine is greatly improved through the optimization of the intake system.
Since the original engine adopts a traditional valve train, the valve timing can’t change with the engine operating conditions. This makes the engine unable to utilize the wave effect of the intake system to improve the volumetric efficiency at the low speeds. Therefore, this thesis analyzes the practical application tech technique as the variable valve timing and the variable factors of variable valve timing to engine performance. At the last, the technology for the VVT based on the camshaft phase shift theory is adopted. The simulation results prove that the dynamic performance is greatly improved by adopting the VVT at low and high speeds. It validates the superiority and feasibility of using the camshaft phase shift technique.
The cam profile is optimized by increasing the fullness and shortened the buffer segment for more engine powers. The simulation results prove that the pumping loss is decreased and engine dynamic performance at the full load is greatly improved.
In summary, the engine performance is improved by optimizing the intake system, resonance-cavity volume, the cam profile and adopting the VVT. The maximum power reaches 94.12kW/5750r/min, the maximum torque reaches 167.54 N·m /4000 r/min, the power and torque is improved by 8.29% and 5.90% respectively , meet the requirement of manufacturer.
引文
[1]靳红玲. 469Q汽油机进气系统流场特性及优化设计:[太原理工大学硕士学位论文].山西:太原理工大学动力机械及动力工程,2006,1
[2]周龙保.内燃机学.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[3]王伟涛.增压柴油机进气系统仿真研究:[北京交通大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学动力机械工程,2007,1
[4]刘宇.基于GT-Power的汽油机仿真及优化设计:[吉林大学硕士学位论文] .吉林:吉林大学动力机械及工程,2006
[5] M.Takizawa, T.Uno and T.Oue. A Study of Gas Exchange Process Simulation of an Automotive Multi-Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine.SAE, 82410: 594-610
[6]本森(Benson)著.内燃机的热力学和空气动力学.卷1.北京:机械工业出版社,1986,65-70
[7] G.P.Blair, S.J.Kirkpatrick, D.O.Mackey, et al.Experimental Validation of 1-D Modeling Codes for a Pipe System Containing Area Discontinuities. SAE, 1995, 950276:488-501
[8] A.Harten,P.D.Lax and B.V.Leer.On Upstream Differencing and Godunov-Type Schemes for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws. SIAM Rev, 1983, (25):35-61
[9]刘强.四气门汽油机管内气体流动过程的模拟计算:[哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学机械及动力工程,1998,1-7
[10] Y.Ohyama. Air/Fuel Ratio Control Using Upstream Models in the Intake System. SAE, 1999, 1999-01-0857:1252-126l
[11] D.T.Hountalas, A.D.Kouremenos.Development of a Fast and Simple Simulation Model for the Fuel Injection System of Diesel Engines. Advances in Engineering Software, 1998, 29(1):13-28
[12]顾宏中.用广义一维非定常流动模型研究柴油机排气管中的流动.上海交通大学学报,1995,29(5):409-412
[13]张江城,顾宏中.内燃机进排气管有限容积法一维非定常流模拟.上海交通大学学报,1999,33(3):1006-2467
[14]林玉静.用改进有限差分法模拟四冲程汽油机的管内流动过程:[哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学机械及动力工程,1996,1-3
[15] A.Harten, B.Engquist, S.Osher,et al. Uniformly High Order Accurate Essentially Non-Oscillatory SchemesⅢ.Journal of Computational Physics, 1997, 131(1):3-47
[16]吴子牛.计算流体力学基本原理.科学出版社,2001,91-160
[17] D.Levy, G.Puppo and G.Russo.A Third Order Central WENO Scheme for 2-D Conservation Laws. Applied Numerical Mathematics, 2000, 33:415-421
[18]朱小慧,顾宏中.模拟一维非定常流动的FVM-TVD法.内燃机学报,2001,19(2):169-172
[19]方适应,邓康耀,崔静等.进气管一维非定常流动计算方法的比较.车用发动机,2000,127(3):22-25
[20] W.F.Stockhausen, T.A.Wiemero, D.C.Ives, et al.Development and Application of the Ford Split Port Induction Concept.SAE, 1996, 961151:1494-1507
[21] N.W.Sung and Y.I.Jeong. A Study on the Flow in the Engine Intake System.SAE, 1995, 952067:1984-1992
[22] S.Bohac and K.Landfahrer.Effects of Pulsating Flow on Exhaust Port Flow Coefficients.SAE, 1999, 1999-01-0214:299-309
[23]耿爱农,罗光辑.二冲程汽油机调谐腔排气系统的研究.内燃机学报,1997,15(3):364-369
[24] T.R.Fuchs and C.J.Rutland.Intake Flow Effects in Combustion and Emissions in a Diesel Engine.SAE, 1998, 980508:73-88
[25]张兆合,刘忠长,刘巽俊等.喷气式可变涡流进气系统对柴油机废气排放的影响.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,1999,29(l):1-5
[26]马捷,顾宏中.柴油机谐振系统的优化和瞬态过程仿真.西安交通大学学报,1990,24(5):6-8
[27]钱耀义,李云清.进气系统的简化数学模型与参数的优化程序.内燃机学报,1988,6(3):187-190
[28] J.P.Liu.Gas Dynamics Resonance Mechanism of Variable Geometry Intake Systems.ASME, 1998, 91:7-20
[29]王建昕,帅石金,许元默等.EQ491电喷发动机进排气系统的匹配优化计算.车用发动机,1999,(6):12-17
[30]杨宝全.可变气门正时技术在汽油机上的应用:[哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学动力工程,2007,6
[31]张礼林,杜艳明.柴油机进气管惯性增压的试验研究.现代车用动力,2003,2003(8):22-25
[32]杨建华,龚金科,吴义虎.内燃机性能提高技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2000,87-91
[33] J.P.Liu and J.F.Bingham. Effects of Intake System Dimensions on Volumetric Efficiency-Speed Characteristics of Multi-Cylinder Engines.内燃机学报,1997,15(3):257-266
[34] R.Royo, J.Corberan and A.Perez.Optimal Design of the Intake System in 4-S.I.C.E .SAE, 1994,940210
[35]张会明.小型柴油机谐振增压的探讨.华东交通大学学报,1994,11(4):67-71
[36]敖穎文.汽油机可变进气歧管系统研究:[吉林大学硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学动力机械及工程,2008,16-23
[37]朱访君,吴坚.内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化.北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[38]方适应.车用柴油机进排气系统流动特性研究:[上海交通大学硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学机械与动力工程,2001:8-11
[39]帕坦卡.传热与流体流动的数值计算.北京:科学出版社,1984
[40]范维澄,万跃鹏.流动及燃烧的模型与计算.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1992
[41]陶文铨.数值传热学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988
[42]殷奇章.对YC6112ZLQ柴油机的性能研究:[上海交通大学硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学机械与动力工程,2000:12-15
[43]王德春.车用汽油机进排气结构参数优化设计研究与实践:[哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文].黑龙江:哈尔滨工程大学动力工程,2007,1
[44]李景渊.发动机进气系统性能分析研究:[重庆大学硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学动力机械及工程,2005:1-13
[45] N.Maftouni, R.Ebrahimi and S.H.Pour.The effect of Intake Manifold Runners Length on the Volumetric Efficiency by 3-D CFD Model.SAE, 2006, 2006-32-0118
[46]冯仁华.发动机配气机构优化改进设计:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南大学动力机械及工程,2009
[2]周龙保.内燃机学.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[3]王伟涛.增压柴油机进气系统仿真研究:[北京交通大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学动力机械工程,2007,1
[4]刘宇.基于GT-Power的汽油机仿真及优化设计:[吉林大学硕士学位论文] .吉林:吉林大学动力机械及工程,2006
[5] M.Takizawa, T.Uno and T.Oue. A Study of Gas Exchange Process Simulation of an Automotive Multi-Cylinder Internal Combustion Engine.SAE, 82410: 594-610
[6]本森(Benson)著.内燃机的热力学和空气动力学.卷1.北京:机械工业出版社,1986,65-70
[7] G.P.Blair, S.J.Kirkpatrick, D.O.Mackey, et al.Experimental Validation of 1-D Modeling Codes for a Pipe System Containing Area Discontinuities. SAE, 1995, 950276:488-501
[8] A.Harten,P.D.Lax and B.V.Leer.On Upstream Differencing and Godunov-Type Schemes for Hyperbolic Conservation Laws. SIAM Rev, 1983, (25):35-61
[9]刘强.四气门汽油机管内气体流动过程的模拟计算:[哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学机械及动力工程,1998,1-7
[10] Y.Ohyama. Air/Fuel Ratio Control Using Upstream Models in the Intake System. SAE, 1999, 1999-01-0857:1252-126l
[11] D.T.Hountalas, A.D.Kouremenos.Development of a Fast and Simple Simulation Model for the Fuel Injection System of Diesel Engines. Advances in Engineering Software, 1998, 29(1):13-28
[12]顾宏中.用广义一维非定常流动模型研究柴油机排气管中的流动.上海交通大学学报,1995,29(5):409-412
[13]张江城,顾宏中.内燃机进排气管有限容积法一维非定常流模拟.上海交通大学学报,1999,33(3):1006-2467
[14]林玉静.用改进有限差分法模拟四冲程汽油机的管内流动过程:[哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文].黑龙江:哈尔滨工业大学机械及动力工程,1996,1-3
[15] A.Harten, B.Engquist, S.Osher,et al. Uniformly High Order Accurate Essentially Non-Oscillatory SchemesⅢ.Journal of Computational Physics, 1997, 131(1):3-47
[16]吴子牛.计算流体力学基本原理.科学出版社,2001,91-160
[17] D.Levy, G.Puppo and G.Russo.A Third Order Central WENO Scheme for 2-D Conservation Laws. Applied Numerical Mathematics, 2000, 33:415-421
[18]朱小慧,顾宏中.模拟一维非定常流动的FVM-TVD法.内燃机学报,2001,19(2):169-172
[19]方适应,邓康耀,崔静等.进气管一维非定常流动计算方法的比较.车用发动机,2000,127(3):22-25
[20] W.F.Stockhausen, T.A.Wiemero, D.C.Ives, et al.Development and Application of the Ford Split Port Induction Concept.SAE, 1996, 961151:1494-1507
[21] N.W.Sung and Y.I.Jeong. A Study on the Flow in the Engine Intake System.SAE, 1995, 952067:1984-1992
[22] S.Bohac and K.Landfahrer.Effects of Pulsating Flow on Exhaust Port Flow Coefficients.SAE, 1999, 1999-01-0214:299-309
[23]耿爱农,罗光辑.二冲程汽油机调谐腔排气系统的研究.内燃机学报,1997,15(3):364-369
[24] T.R.Fuchs and C.J.Rutland.Intake Flow Effects in Combustion and Emissions in a Diesel Engine.SAE, 1998, 980508:73-88
[25]张兆合,刘忠长,刘巽俊等.喷气式可变涡流进气系统对柴油机废气排放的影响.吉林工业大学自然科学学报,1999,29(l):1-5
[26]马捷,顾宏中.柴油机谐振系统的优化和瞬态过程仿真.西安交通大学学报,1990,24(5):6-8
[27]钱耀义,李云清.进气系统的简化数学模型与参数的优化程序.内燃机学报,1988,6(3):187-190
[28] J.P.Liu.Gas Dynamics Resonance Mechanism of Variable Geometry Intake Systems.ASME, 1998, 91:7-20
[29]王建昕,帅石金,许元默等.EQ491电喷发动机进排气系统的匹配优化计算.车用发动机,1999,(6):12-17
[30]杨宝全.可变气门正时技术在汽油机上的应用:[哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学动力工程,2007,6
[31]张礼林,杜艳明.柴油机进气管惯性增压的试验研究.现代车用动力,2003,2003(8):22-25
[32]杨建华,龚金科,吴义虎.内燃机性能提高技术.北京:人民交通出版社,2000,87-91
[33] J.P.Liu and J.F.Bingham. Effects of Intake System Dimensions on Volumetric Efficiency-Speed Characteristics of Multi-Cylinder Engines.内燃机学报,1997,15(3):257-266
[34] R.Royo, J.Corberan and A.Perez.Optimal Design of the Intake System in 4-S.I.C.E .SAE, 1994,940210
[35]张会明.小型柴油机谐振增压的探讨.华东交通大学学报,1994,11(4):67-71
[36]敖穎文.汽油机可变进气歧管系统研究:[吉林大学硕士学位论文].吉林:吉林大学动力机械及工程,2008,16-23
[37]朱访君,吴坚.内燃机工作过程数值计算及其优化.北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[38]方适应.车用柴油机进排气系统流动特性研究:[上海交通大学硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学机械与动力工程,2001:8-11
[39]帕坦卡.传热与流体流动的数值计算.北京:科学出版社,1984
[40]范维澄,万跃鹏.流动及燃烧的模型与计算.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1992
[41]陶文铨.数值传热学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988
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