发动机复层气门座接触特性研究
摘要
气门-气门座作为发动机的重要摩擦副,其匹配性能直接影响了它的寿命及动力学性能。基于此,如何就其工况特征,选择材料就显得非常重要。本文基于目前气门-气门座常用的材料和复层结构,通过分析其接触特性,研究了其材料的匹配性能,探讨了设计原则及具体的结构形式。
本文在分析气门摩擦副工况条件对气门和气门座材料要求的基础上,分析了这对摩擦副的材料匹配性特征。为了建立匹配性接触模型,论文编制出动力学分析人机界面,该系统对气门落座结构进行了参数化设置,运用MATLAB软件平台将气门结构参数输入,即可绘制出需要的气门运动曲线。通过该系统就能调用MATLAB计算程序,对气门机构动力学进行分析,提高了气门-气门座接触分析的效率和可靠性。
与此同时,本文采用Ansys/Ls-dyna软件平台,基于动态接触理论建立了气门-气门座摩擦副碰撞接触仿真分析模型,并以几种气门座熔覆层材料为典型实例,分析了其在落座过程中的等效应力分布,研究表明：材料性能参数和复层厚度对冲击接触的等效应力影响较大,材料弹性模量E和密度ρ的匹配性对等效应力的影响很大,并呈现非线性关系；复层厚度h对等效应力σN的影响也很大,且也存在着非线性现象。最后对于所讨论的几种复层材料而言,TiO2在层厚0.6mm时是其优化值。
本文基于Ansys软件平台仿真模拟分析了气门工况对其匹配性的影响,探讨了使用匹配副相互冲击作用时的接触表面力分布,力图寻优合理的设计方法,为其工程应用提供依据。
As an engine friction pair, the valve-valve seat is important. Its matching performance directly affects the dynamic performance and its life. Based on this, how to choose material under the condition characteristics is very important. This article discusses the design principle and the structure of the specific form based on the present valve-valve seat commonly used material and complex layer structure by analyzing the characteristics of contact and the matching of the material properties.
This article analyzes the friction pair matching material properties based on the working conditions of valves and valve seat material requirements. In order to establish matching contact model, this paper constructed dynamics analysis interface. Setting the valve parameter, inputting valve structure parameters by using MATLAB software platform, can draw the need of valve movement curve. Through this system we can call MATLAB program, analyze the valve dynamic, improve the analysis of the contact of valve-valve seat the efficiency and reliability.
At the same time, this paper using Ansys/ls-dyna software platform establish the pair of friction collision contact simulation model based on dynamic contact theory, and with several valve seat plate department cladding layer as a typical case, analyzed the effective stress distribution in the process of the drop test. Research shows that: the material properties and complex thickness affect equivalent stress much, for example, the matching of material elastic modulus E and density p influence the forces σn much, and presents the nonlinear relationship; Layer thickness h equivalence effect force σn has a very big impact, and also has the nonlinear phenomenon. For the final discussed several complex layer material character, TiO2in a thick layer of0.6mm is the best.
This paper based on Ansys software platform simulates the influence of valve working condition to the matching, and discusses the contact surface force distribution when the use matching, and tries to find reasonable design methods, for the engineering application.
本文在分析气门摩擦副工况条件对气门和气门座材料要求的基础上,分析了这对摩擦副的材料匹配性特征。为了建立匹配性接触模型,论文编制出动力学分析人机界面,该系统对气门落座结构进行了参数化设置,运用MATLAB软件平台将气门结构参数输入,即可绘制出需要的气门运动曲线。通过该系统就能调用MATLAB计算程序,对气门机构动力学进行分析,提高了气门-气门座接触分析的效率和可靠性。
与此同时,本文采用Ansys/Ls-dyna软件平台,基于动态接触理论建立了气门-气门座摩擦副碰撞接触仿真分析模型,并以几种气门座熔覆层材料为典型实例,分析了其在落座过程中的等效应力分布,研究表明：材料性能参数和复层厚度对冲击接触的等效应力影响较大,材料弹性模量E和密度ρ的匹配性对等效应力的影响很大,并呈现非线性关系；复层厚度h对等效应力σN的影响也很大,且也存在着非线性现象。最后对于所讨论的几种复层材料而言,TiO2在层厚0.6mm时是其优化值。
本文基于Ansys软件平台仿真模拟分析了气门工况对其匹配性的影响,探讨了使用匹配副相互冲击作用时的接触表面力分布,力图寻优合理的设计方法,为其工程应用提供依据。
As an engine friction pair, the valve-valve seat is important. Its matching performance directly affects the dynamic performance and its life. Based on this, how to choose material under the condition characteristics is very important. This article discusses the design principle and the structure of the specific form based on the present valve-valve seat commonly used material and complex layer structure by analyzing the characteristics of contact and the matching of the material properties.
This article analyzes the friction pair matching material properties based on the working conditions of valves and valve seat material requirements. In order to establish matching contact model, this paper constructed dynamics analysis interface. Setting the valve parameter, inputting valve structure parameters by using MATLAB software platform, can draw the need of valve movement curve. Through this system we can call MATLAB program, analyze the valve dynamic, improve the analysis of the contact of valve-valve seat the efficiency and reliability.
At the same time, this paper using Ansys/ls-dyna software platform establish the pair of friction collision contact simulation model based on dynamic contact theory, and with several valve seat plate department cladding layer as a typical case, analyzed the effective stress distribution in the process of the drop test. Research shows that: the material properties and complex thickness affect equivalent stress much, for example, the matching of material elastic modulus E and density p influence the forces σn much, and presents the nonlinear relationship; Layer thickness h equivalence effect force σn has a very big impact, and also has the nonlinear phenomenon. For the final discussed several complex layer material character, TiO2in a thick layer of0.6mm is the best.
This paper based on Ansys software platform simulates the influence of valve working condition to the matching, and discusses the contact surface force distribution when the use matching, and tries to find reasonable design methods, for the engineering application.
引文
[1]周超.基于ANSYS的气门力学特性分析[D].武汉理工大学,2006.
[2]陆克久,周道怀,龚延成.柴油机进气门与座圈磨损机理的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2008,(06)：203-205.
[3]陈凯俊.异常条件下发动机气门失效仿真分析系统研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007.
[4]邹云.复合涂层的应力场三维仿真分析及其可靠性设计[D].武汉理工大学,2004.
[5]KingRB, o'sullivanTC. Sliding Contact Stresses in a Two Dimensional Layered Elastic Half-Space. Int. J, Solids Struct[J].1987,23:581-597.
[6]0'Sullivan TC, King RB. Sliding Contact Field due to a Spherical Indenter on a Layered Elastic Half-Space. ASME Journal of Tribology[J].1988,110:235-240.
[7]章晓剑,刘文今,马明星,等.合金铸铁气门座圈激光熔覆镍基复合涂层的研究[J].应用激光,2009,29(1)：14-17.
[8]罗天友,宁志坚,揭晓华,等.气门锥面等离子喷焊钴基合金层的高温磨损特性研究[J].汽车工艺与材料,2006,(10)：5-8.
[9]王景.气门盘部凹槽结构的参数化设计及其应力与变形形态研究[D].武汉理工大学,2011.
[10]朱远志.重型发动机排气门/气门座材料制备及其相关基础研究[D].中南大学,2006.
[11]Ugur Kesgin. Study on the design of inlet and exhaust system of a stationary internal combustion engine. Energy Conversion and Management[J],2005,46: 2258-2287.
[12]朱远志,尹志民,曾渝,等.重型发动机气门座圈磨损机理与材料[J].内燃机.工程,2004,(04)：78-82.
[13]Y. S. Wang, S. Narasimhan, J. M. Larson, J. E. The effect of operating conditions on heavy duty engine valve seat wear[J]. Wear,1996,201:15-25.
[14]刘兢生.高温对发动机气门磨损特性的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,1994,15(4)：39-41.
[15]张效工,陈法成.内燃机气门落座特性的研究[J].内燃机工程,1980,1(2)：23-35.
[16]Kishiro Akiba, Toshiaki Kakiuchi.A Dynamic Study of Engine Valving Mechanisms:Determi-nation of the impulse Foece Acting on the Valve[J].SAE Transaction, Journal of Engine,1988,97:77-83.
[17]TakeoQotani, Noboru Yahate, Akira Fujiki, etal. Impact Wear Characteristics of Engine Valve Seat Insert Materials Engineering and Performance,1995,4(2):55-60.
[18]Zhao R, Barber G C, Wang Y S, etal. Wear Mechanism Analysis of Engine Exhaust Valve Seats with a Laboratory Simulator[J]. Tribology Transactions,1997,40(2):49-52.
[19]傅茂林,高洪林,郭兰.现代发动机气门座圈材料的发展[J].汽车技术,2001,(04)：24-27.
[20]国家发展和改革委员会.JB/T 6012-2005.内燃机、进排气门技术条件[S].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.
[21]蔡兵.16V280ZJ型柴油机进排气门早期裂纹原因分析与解决措施[J].内燃机车,2005,(09)：14-17.
[22]刘壮武,关尚哲,刘润生,等.铝/钢复合板不同热处理温度结合界面显微结构与力学性能的关系[J].金属1址界,2010,(01)18-25.
[23]魏东,刘佐民.金属基/陶瓷涂层的接触应力有限元分析[J].武汉理工大学报,2001,(12)：1-3.
[24]魏东.金属基/陶瓷涂层接触应力分析.武汉：武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[25]Johnson K. L. Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1987.
[26]黄国权.有限元法基础及ANSYS应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[27]赵汝嘉.机械结构有限元分析[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1990.
[28]龚曙光ANSYS基础应用及范例解析[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[29]倪栋,段进,徐久成,等.通用有限元分析ANSYS实例分析[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
[30]陈浩,潘春旭,潘邻,等.激光熔覆耐磨涂层的研究进展[J].金属热处理,2002(9)：5-1 0.
[31]M. R. Mokhtarzadeh-Dehghan, N. Ladommmatos, T. J. Brennan. Finite element analysis of flow in a hydraulic pressure valve [J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,1997,21: 437-445.
[32]郝好山,胡仁喜,康士廷ANSYS 12.0 LS-DYNA非线性有限元分析从入门到精通[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010.
[33]龚曙光,谢桂兰,黄云清ANSYS参数化编程与命令手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[34]何涛,杨竞,金鑫Ansys/Ls-dyna非线性有限元分析实例指导教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[35]高岚.CNG发动机典型零部件强度计算与疲劳可靠性分析[D].大连理工大学,2009.
[36]陈学良,大森明,荒田吉明.低气压等离子喷涂涂层结构的研究.焊接学报,1988,9(4)：14-17.
[37]马岳等.表面等离子喷涂材料研究的现状及发展.表面技术,1998,28(4)：1-4.
[38]王正林,龚纯,何倩.精通MATLAB科学计算(第2版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[39]王迎新.凸轮优化设计和配气机构的动力学分析[D].大连海事大学,2005.
[40]余志敏.柴油机配气凸轮型线优化设计及其配气相位优化[D].武汉理工大学,2009.
[41]Hongxing Wang, Fuquan Zhao, Yi You, Hui jun Li, Jingyan Hu. Performance Simulation and Experimental Research of Direct Injection Engine[C]. Virtual Powertrain Conference.
[42]Guo lie, Zhang Wenping. Investigation of Dynamic Modeling Method of Valve Train[C].2010 2nd International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering,60-64.
[43]牛文博.发动机配气机构多体动力学建模与分析[D].天津大学,2008.
[44]唐占飞.中型CNG发动机凸轮/挺柱接触应力与疲劳磨损失效分析[D].大连理工大学,2008.
[45]朱兰.LJ750摩托车发动机配气机构研究[D].华中科技大学,2008.
[2]陆克久,周道怀,龚延成.柴油机进气门与座圈磨损机理的试验研究[J].农机化研究,2008,(06)：203-205.
[3]陈凯俊.异常条件下发动机气门失效仿真分析系统研究[D].武汉理工大学,2007.
[4]邹云.复合涂层的应力场三维仿真分析及其可靠性设计[D].武汉理工大学,2004.
[5]KingRB, o'sullivanTC. Sliding Contact Stresses in a Two Dimensional Layered Elastic Half-Space. Int. J, Solids Struct[J].1987,23:581-597.
[6]0'Sullivan TC, King RB. Sliding Contact Field due to a Spherical Indenter on a Layered Elastic Half-Space. ASME Journal of Tribology[J].1988,110:235-240.
[7]章晓剑,刘文今,马明星,等.合金铸铁气门座圈激光熔覆镍基复合涂层的研究[J].应用激光,2009,29(1)：14-17.
[8]罗天友,宁志坚,揭晓华,等.气门锥面等离子喷焊钴基合金层的高温磨损特性研究[J].汽车工艺与材料,2006,(10)：5-8.
[9]王景.气门盘部凹槽结构的参数化设计及其应力与变形形态研究[D].武汉理工大学,2011.
[10]朱远志.重型发动机排气门/气门座材料制备及其相关基础研究[D].中南大学,2006.
[11]Ugur Kesgin. Study on the design of inlet and exhaust system of a stationary internal combustion engine. Energy Conversion and Management[J],2005,46: 2258-2287.
[12]朱远志,尹志民,曾渝,等.重型发动机气门座圈磨损机理与材料[J].内燃机.工程,2004,(04)：78-82.
[13]Y. S. Wang, S. Narasimhan, J. M. Larson, J. E. The effect of operating conditions on heavy duty engine valve seat wear[J]. Wear,1996,201:15-25.
[14]刘兢生.高温对发动机气门磨损特性的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,1994,15(4)：39-41.
[15]张效工,陈法成.内燃机气门落座特性的研究[J].内燃机工程,1980,1(2)：23-35.
[16]Kishiro Akiba, Toshiaki Kakiuchi.A Dynamic Study of Engine Valving Mechanisms:Determi-nation of the impulse Foece Acting on the Valve[J].SAE Transaction, Journal of Engine,1988,97:77-83.
[17]TakeoQotani, Noboru Yahate, Akira Fujiki, etal. Impact Wear Characteristics of Engine Valve Seat Insert Materials Engineering and Performance,1995,4(2):55-60.
[18]Zhao R, Barber G C, Wang Y S, etal. Wear Mechanism Analysis of Engine Exhaust Valve Seats with a Laboratory Simulator[J]. Tribology Transactions,1997,40(2):49-52.
[19]傅茂林,高洪林,郭兰.现代发动机气门座圈材料的发展[J].汽车技术,2001,(04)：24-27.
[20]国家发展和改革委员会.JB/T 6012-2005.内燃机、进排气门技术条件[S].北京：机械工业出版社,2005.
[21]蔡兵.16V280ZJ型柴油机进排气门早期裂纹原因分析与解决措施[J].内燃机车,2005,(09)：14-17.
[22]刘壮武,关尚哲,刘润生,等.铝/钢复合板不同热处理温度结合界面显微结构与力学性能的关系[J].金属1址界,2010,(01)18-25.
[23]魏东,刘佐民.金属基/陶瓷涂层的接触应力有限元分析[J].武汉理工大学报,2001,(12)：1-3.
[24]魏东.金属基/陶瓷涂层接触应力分析.武汉：武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[25]Johnson K. L. Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,1987.
[26]黄国权.有限元法基础及ANSYS应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[27]赵汝嘉.机械结构有限元分析[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,1990.
[28]龚曙光ANSYS基础应用及范例解析[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[29]倪栋,段进,徐久成,等.通用有限元分析ANSYS实例分析[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
[30]陈浩,潘春旭,潘邻,等.激光熔覆耐磨涂层的研究进展[J].金属热处理,2002(9)：5-1 0.
[31]M. R. Mokhtarzadeh-Dehghan, N. Ladommmatos, T. J. Brennan. Finite element analysis of flow in a hydraulic pressure valve [J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,1997,21: 437-445.
[32]郝好山,胡仁喜,康士廷ANSYS 12.0 LS-DYNA非线性有限元分析从入门到精通[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2010.
[33]龚曙光,谢桂兰,黄云清ANSYS参数化编程与命令手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[34]何涛,杨竞,金鑫Ansys/Ls-dyna非线性有限元分析实例指导教程[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[35]高岚.CNG发动机典型零部件强度计算与疲劳可靠性分析[D].大连理工大学,2009.
[36]陈学良,大森明,荒田吉明.低气压等离子喷涂涂层结构的研究.焊接学报,1988,9(4)：14-17.
[37]马岳等.表面等离子喷涂材料研究的现状及发展.表面技术,1998,28(4)：1-4.
[38]王正林,龚纯,何倩.精通MATLAB科学计算(第2版)[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2010.
[39]王迎新.凸轮优化设计和配气机构的动力学分析[D].大连海事大学,2005.
[40]余志敏.柴油机配气凸轮型线优化设计及其配气相位优化[D].武汉理工大学,2009.
[41]Hongxing Wang, Fuquan Zhao, Yi You, Hui jun Li, Jingyan Hu. Performance Simulation and Experimental Research of Direct Injection Engine[C]. Virtual Powertrain Conference.
[42]Guo lie, Zhang Wenping. Investigation of Dynamic Modeling Method of Valve Train[C].2010 2nd International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering,60-64.
[43]牛文博.发动机配气机构多体动力学建模与分析[D].天津大学,2008.
[44]唐占飞.中型CNG发动机凸轮/挺柱接触应力与疲劳磨损失效分析[D].大连理工大学,2008.
[45]朱兰.LJ750摩托车发动机配气机构研究[D].华中科技大学,2008.