渤南罗36块空气驱油室内实验研究
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摘要
注空气开采低渗透轻质油油藏是一项富有创造性的提高采收率新技术,可用于注水后轻质油田的三次采油,也适用于注水困难的低渗油田的二次采油,还可与注水技术并用保持地层压力及重力稳定驱油。注空气低温氧化驱油不但具有一般注气的作用,而且具有氧化产生的其他效果。空气注入油藏后,氧气和原油发生放热氧化反应,消耗氧气生成碳的氧化物,而且反应产生的热量还会使油层温度升高,促使轻质组分蒸发。因此,油层内起驱油作用的是由CO2、N2和蒸发的轻烃组分等组成的烟道气。文章通过调研国内外注空气室内实验研究和矿场应用情况,总结出注空气提高采收率的机理,并利用高压静态反应装置、动态驱替装置测试和评价在不同条件下原油与空气接触后的氧化动力学。测试反应后气体含量变化,评价油品、温度及空气滞留时间对耗氧率的影响,为油藏数值模拟提供理论基础。同时,通过注空气、空气泡沫低温氧化动态驱替实验,发现渤南罗36块注空气水平驱替提高采收率幅度不大,驱替效率比水驱平均提高1-3个百分点,实际油藏中,可能会有一定的倾角,依靠重力稳定驱替,可改善驱替效果,另外,为防止气体过早突破,实验中通过注入一定段塞泡沫封堵高渗透带,发现采收率大幅度提高,在水驱的基础上,空气泡沫驱可提高采收率30%以上。
The exploiting low permeability and light oil reservoir by air injection is a novel creative technique of enhancing recovery. It is applicable to water flooded oil reservoir for tertiary oil recovery and to low permeable reservoir for secondary oil recovery which is not suitable for water-flood. Air injection can be applied for maintaining reservoir pressure with water flooding,and for gravity drainage. When air is injected into reservoir, there is not only ordinary gas effect, but also other effect of oxidation. The exothermic oxidation reaction between the oil and oxygen is emerged, the oxygen is consumed and carbon oxide is produced, and the heat can make the reservoir temperature increase and make the light component evaporate. Thus air injection in reservoir is a flue-gas displacement which containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the evaporating light hydrocarbon component. By researching air injection laboratory testing and field testing at home and abroad, the paper summarizes the mechanism of enhance oil recovery by air injection, also tests and evaluates crude oil oxidation kinetics after contact with the air in different conditions through using high pressure reactor and dynamic displacement device. It tests produced gas constituent and analyzes the affection of oil, temperature and air hold-up time to the oxygen consumption rate. The theoretical basis is provided for numerical reservoir simulation. In the meanwhile, Through the air injection, air foam injection in low-temperature oxidation dynamic displacement experiments, the result indicates that the oil recovery with horizontal displacement by air injection is modest at Bonanluo36 reservoir, average 1-3 percentage points higher than the water drive, but in actual reservoir, may have a certain reservoir declination, oil recovery can be improved by gravity drainage. Moreover, to prevent gas early breakthrough, it injects a certain foam bubble slug to plug high permeability zone, makes oil recovery enhance greatly, enhances oil recovery 30 percent more than the water drive.
The exploiting low permeability and light oil reservoir by air injection is a novel creative technique of enhancing recovery. It is applicable to water flooded oil reservoir for tertiary oil recovery and to low permeable reservoir for secondary oil recovery which is not suitable for water-flood. Air injection can be applied for maintaining reservoir pressure with water flooding,and for gravity drainage. When air is injected into reservoir, there is not only ordinary gas effect, but also other effect of oxidation. The exothermic oxidation reaction between the oil and oxygen is emerged, the oxygen is consumed and carbon oxide is produced, and the heat can make the reservoir temperature increase and make the light component evaporate. Thus air injection in reservoir is a flue-gas displacement which containing carbon dioxide, nitrogen and the evaporating light hydrocarbon component. By researching air injection laboratory testing and field testing at home and abroad, the paper summarizes the mechanism of enhance oil recovery by air injection, also tests and evaluates crude oil oxidation kinetics after contact with the air in different conditions through using high pressure reactor and dynamic displacement device. It tests produced gas constituent and analyzes the affection of oil, temperature and air hold-up time to the oxygen consumption rate. The theoretical basis is provided for numerical reservoir simulation. In the meanwhile, Through the air injection, air foam injection in low-temperature oxidation dynamic displacement experiments, the result indicates that the oil recovery with horizontal displacement by air injection is modest at Bonanluo36 reservoir, average 1-3 percentage points higher than the water drive, but in actual reservoir, may have a certain reservoir declination, oil recovery can be improved by gravity drainage. Moreover, to prevent gas early breakthrough, it injects a certain foam bubble slug to plug high permeability zone, makes oil recovery enhance greatly, enhances oil recovery 30 percent more than the water drive.
引文
[1]郭万奎,廖广志,邵振波,等.注气提高采收率技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:1~3
[2]郭平,李士伦,杜志敏,等.低渗透油藏注气提高采收率评价[J].西南石油学院学报,2002,24(5):46~50
[3]刘中春,高振环,夏惠芬,等.油藏注气开发的基本条件[J].大庆石油学院学报,1997,21(1):38~41
[4]王杰祥,任韶然,来轩昂,等.轻质油田注空气提高采收率技术研究[A].中国油气钻采新技术高级研讨会论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:351~359
[5]王大钧编译.氮气和烟道气在油气田开发中的应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1991:15~63
[6]张旭,刘建仪,易洋,等.注气提高采收率技术的挑战与发展——注空气低温氧化技术[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(1):6~9
[7] Greaves M.,Ren S. R.,Rathbone R.R..Air Injection Technique (LTO Process) for IOR from Light Oil Reservoirs:Oxidation rate and displacement studies[R].SPE40062,1998:479~492
[8]王杰祥,张琪,李爱山,等.注空气驱油室内实验研究[J].石油大学学报,2003,4(27):73~75
[9]李道品.低渗透油田高效开发决策论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003,6:56~76
[10] Stevenson M. D.,Pinczewski W. V.,Downey R. A..Economic Evaluation of Nitrogen Injection for Coalseam Gas Recovery[R].SPE26199,1993:28~30
[11]李松林,陈亚平,王东辉.轻质油油藏注空气实验研究[J].西安石油大学学报,2004,19(2):27~28
[12]黄建东,孙守港,陈宗义,等.低渗透油田注空气提高采收率技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(3):79~81
[13] Sakthikumar S.,Madaoui K.,Chastang J..An Investigation of the Feasibility of Air Injection into a Waterflooded Light Oil Reservoir[R].SPE29806,1995:343~356
[14] Glandt G. A..Coral Creek Field Study: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Potential High-pressure Air Injection in a Mature Waterflood Project[R].SPE52198,1999:1~11
[15] Tuta A. T..Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Oil Recovery from Low Permeability Reservoirs by Air Injection[R].SPE48841,1998:123~138
[16]钱思平译.低成本提高油田采收率WHackberry油田注空气项目[J].国外油田工程,2002,18(6):1~3
[17]齐笑生,汪斌,陈阳,等.中原油田高含水轻质油藏注空气提高采收率技术探讨[J].断块油气田,2005,12(2):83~85
[18]翁高富.百色油田上法灰岩油藏空气泡沫驱油先导试验研究[J].油气采收率技术,1998,5(6):6~10
[19] Fassihi M. R.,Yannimaras D. V.,Westfall E. E.,et al.Economics of Light Oil Air Injection Projects[R].SPE 35393,1996:501~509
[20]张旭,刘建仪,孙良田,等.注空气低温氧化提高轻质油气藏采收率研究[J].天然气工业,2004,(24)4:78~80
[21]李松林,王东辉,陈亚军.利用高压注空气技术开发低渗透轻质油油藏[J].特种油气藏,2003,(10)5:35~37
[22] Greaves M.,Ren S. R.,Xia S. R.,et al.New Air Injection Technology for IOR Operations in Light and Heavy Oil Reservoirs[R].SPE 57295,1999:25~26
[23] Watts B. C.,Hall T. F.,Petri D. J..The Horse Creek Air Injection Project: An Overview[R].SPE 38359,1997:143~154
[24]徐冰涛,杨占红,刘滨,等.吐哈盆地鄯善油田注空气提高原油采收率实验研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(6):56~57
[25]桑德拉R.,尼尔森R.F..张晓宜译.油藏注气开采动力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987:64~37
[26] Greaves. M.,Ren S. R.,Rathbone R. R..Improve Residual Light Oil Recovery By Air Injection (LTO Process) [J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2000,39(1):57~61
[27] Ren S.R.等.廉抗利译.注空气低温氧化工艺——轻质油藏提高采收率技术[J].国外石油动态,2002,(15):9~23
[28]张晓刚.注空气技术[J].中外科技情报,2006,3:3~31
[29] Fraim M. L.,Moffitt P. D.,Yannimaras D. V..Laborary Testing and Simulation Results for High Pressure Air Injection in a Waterflooed North Sea Oil Reservoir,Annuspe Tech Conf Proc.SPE38905,1997:655~662
[30] Yannimaras,D.V.,Tiffin,D.L..Screening of Oils for In-Situ Combustion at Reservoir Conditions by Accelerating Rate Calorimetry.SPE ReservoirEngineering,1995,February:36~39
[31] Fasishi,Meyersi Basile.Low Temperature Oxidation of Visions Crude Oils.SPE Reservoir Engineering.1990,5(4):609~616
[32] Permain P.,Geyelin J.L..Air Injection Into a Light Oil Reservoir:the Horse Creek Project[R].SPE37782,1997:233~242
[33]李士伦,周守信,杜建芬.国内外注气提高石油采收率技术回顾与展望[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,4(2):1~5
[34]李士伦,张正卿,冉新权.注气提高石油采收率技术[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2001:26~78
[35]程月,张悫,袁鉴,等.低温氧化对原油的影响[J].化学研究,2007,18(1):67~69
[36] P.Faure, P.Landais. Evidence for clay minerals catalytic effects during low-temperature air oxidation of n-alkanes [J].Fuel,2000,79:1751~1756
[37] Pierre Faure, Laurence Schlepp,et al. Low temperature air oxidation of n-alkanes in the presence of Na-smectite [J].Fuel,2003,82:1751~1762
[38]赵斌,高海涛,杨卫东.中原油田注空气提高采收率潜力分析[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(5):22~23
[2]郭平,李士伦,杜志敏,等.低渗透油藏注气提高采收率评价[J].西南石油学院学报,2002,24(5):46~50
[3]刘中春,高振环,夏惠芬,等.油藏注气开发的基本条件[J].大庆石油学院学报,1997,21(1):38~41
[4]王杰祥,任韶然,来轩昂,等.轻质油田注空气提高采收率技术研究[A].中国油气钻采新技术高级研讨会论文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2006:351~359
[5]王大钧编译.氮气和烟道气在油气田开发中的应用.北京:石油工业出版社,1991:15~63
[6]张旭,刘建仪,易洋,等.注气提高采收率技术的挑战与发展——注空气低温氧化技术[J].特种油气藏,2006,13(1):6~9
[7] Greaves M.,Ren S. R.,Rathbone R.R..Air Injection Technique (LTO Process) for IOR from Light Oil Reservoirs:Oxidation rate and displacement studies[R].SPE40062,1998:479~492
[8]王杰祥,张琪,李爱山,等.注空气驱油室内实验研究[J].石油大学学报,2003,4(27):73~75
[9]李道品.低渗透油田高效开发决策论[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003,6:56~76
[10] Stevenson M. D.,Pinczewski W. V.,Downey R. A..Economic Evaluation of Nitrogen Injection for Coalseam Gas Recovery[R].SPE26199,1993:28~30
[11]李松林,陈亚平,王东辉.轻质油油藏注空气实验研究[J].西安石油大学学报,2004,19(2):27~28
[12]黄建东,孙守港,陈宗义,等.低渗透油田注空气提高采收率技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(3):79~81
[13] Sakthikumar S.,Madaoui K.,Chastang J..An Investigation of the Feasibility of Air Injection into a Waterflooded Light Oil Reservoir[R].SPE29806,1995:343~356
[14] Glandt G. A..Coral Creek Field Study: A Comprehensive Assessment of the Potential High-pressure Air Injection in a Mature Waterflood Project[R].SPE52198,1999:1~11
[15] Tuta A. T..Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Oil Recovery from Low Permeability Reservoirs by Air Injection[R].SPE48841,1998:123~138
[16]钱思平译.低成本提高油田采收率WHackberry油田注空气项目[J].国外油田工程,2002,18(6):1~3
[17]齐笑生,汪斌,陈阳,等.中原油田高含水轻质油藏注空气提高采收率技术探讨[J].断块油气田,2005,12(2):83~85
[18]翁高富.百色油田上法灰岩油藏空气泡沫驱油先导试验研究[J].油气采收率技术,1998,5(6):6~10
[19] Fassihi M. R.,Yannimaras D. V.,Westfall E. E.,et al.Economics of Light Oil Air Injection Projects[R].SPE 35393,1996:501~509
[20]张旭,刘建仪,孙良田,等.注空气低温氧化提高轻质油气藏采收率研究[J].天然气工业,2004,(24)4:78~80
[21]李松林,王东辉,陈亚军.利用高压注空气技术开发低渗透轻质油油藏[J].特种油气藏,2003,(10)5:35~37
[22] Greaves M.,Ren S. R.,Xia S. R.,et al.New Air Injection Technology for IOR Operations in Light and Heavy Oil Reservoirs[R].SPE 57295,1999:25~26
[23] Watts B. C.,Hall T. F.,Petri D. J..The Horse Creek Air Injection Project: An Overview[R].SPE 38359,1997:143~154
[24]徐冰涛,杨占红,刘滨,等.吐哈盆地鄯善油田注空气提高原油采收率实验研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2004,11(6):56~57
[25]桑德拉R.,尼尔森R.F..张晓宜译.油藏注气开采动力学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987:64~37
[26] Greaves. M.,Ren S. R.,Rathbone R. R..Improve Residual Light Oil Recovery By Air Injection (LTO Process) [J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2000,39(1):57~61
[27] Ren S.R.等.廉抗利译.注空气低温氧化工艺——轻质油藏提高采收率技术[J].国外石油动态,2002,(15):9~23
[28]张晓刚.注空气技术[J].中外科技情报,2006,3:3~31
[29] Fraim M. L.,Moffitt P. D.,Yannimaras D. V..Laborary Testing and Simulation Results for High Pressure Air Injection in a Waterflooed North Sea Oil Reservoir,Annuspe Tech Conf Proc.SPE38905,1997:655~662
[30] Yannimaras,D.V.,Tiffin,D.L..Screening of Oils for In-Situ Combustion at Reservoir Conditions by Accelerating Rate Calorimetry.SPE ReservoirEngineering,1995,February:36~39
[31] Fasishi,Meyersi Basile.Low Temperature Oxidation of Visions Crude Oils.SPE Reservoir Engineering.1990,5(4):609~616
[32] Permain P.,Geyelin J.L..Air Injection Into a Light Oil Reservoir:the Horse Creek Project[R].SPE37782,1997:233~242
[33]李士伦,周守信,杜建芬.国内外注气提高石油采收率技术回顾与展望[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,4(2):1~5
[34]李士伦,张正卿,冉新权.注气提高石油采收率技术[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2001:26~78
[35]程月,张悫,袁鉴,等.低温氧化对原油的影响[J].化学研究,2007,18(1):67~69
[36] P.Faure, P.Landais. Evidence for clay minerals catalytic effects during low-temperature air oxidation of n-alkanes [J].Fuel,2000,79:1751~1756
[37] Pierre Faure, Laurence Schlepp,et al. Low temperature air oxidation of n-alkanes in the presence of Na-smectite [J].Fuel,2003,82:1751~1762
[38]赵斌,高海涛,杨卫东.中原油田注空气提高采收率潜力分析[J].油气田地面工程,2005,24(5):22~23