深层稠油油藏天然气吞吐开采技术研究
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摘要
随着油气田勘探的深入,难采储量所占的比例越来越大。我国部分稠油油藏由于埋藏深,注蒸汽压力难以实现,并且热损失严重,因此热采不适应此类油藏的开采;而对于天然气丰富的西部油田,天然气来源容易,具有无污染,可回收利用等优点,为深层稠油油藏注天然气吞吐开采提供了可能。因此,系统深入地研究深层稠油油藏注天然气吞吐的开采机理和开发技术对经济高效开发此类油藏具有重要的意义。
目前对稠油注天然气吞吐开采技术少量研究主要集中在室内实验方面,对于深层稠油油藏天然气吞吐渗流规律的数值模拟研究则是国内外研究的空白。本文针对吐哈鲁克沁油田西区的现场试验,将注天然气的物理技术和数值模拟技术相结合,对天然气吞吐开采机理、影响因素和影响规律以及参数优化设计进行研究。地层流体的PVT实验及膨胀实验表明天然气注入原油,降粘效果良好,原油体积膨胀为原来的1.056倍,通过实验数据拟合,确定了数值模拟中的流体状态参数;采用组分数值模拟技术研究了油藏特征参数中的油藏深度、温度及渗透率和注采参数中的产液量、注气量、注气压力、注气速度、焖井时间等对天然气吞吐的影响及影响规律,根据影响因素的研究对吐哈鲁克沁油田典型区块进行了参数优化设计;在此基础上对注天然气吞吐开采潜力指标进行了七个周期的预测,对剩余油分布进行了综合研究,研究表明注天然气吞吐的采出程度比衰竭式开采提高了3.42%,是稠油开采的有效手段,但区块整体开采潜力还很大,其中前三层是今后的挖潜对象。
As the oil and gas exploration and development further in depth, the proportion of the reserve hard to develop increases. The steam injection pressure is difficult to realized and the heat loss is far more when exploit the deep heavy oil .So thermal recovery methods doesn’t adapt to these reservoirs. Development by injecting nature gas is possible because it is free of contamination and recoverable. The systematical study in recovery mechanism and technique of deep heavy oil exploration by gas buffing and puffing is vital meaningful.
At present, only few technique studies in injecting nature gas buffing and puffing concentrate in the laboratory experiments. Regarding the numerical simulation researches of deep heavy oil reservoir it is barren. Taking LuKeQin oilfield as an example this paper researches influencing factors and rules and parameters optimization design by the numerical simulation technology. These integrated the PVT experiments and swelling experiment indicated that it has obvious viscosity reducing effect when injecting nature gas; the oil volume with gas injection can be 1.056 times of the oil without gas injection. By the experiments data regression, the EOS parameters were obtained, which will be used in numerical simulation; there studied the reservoir basic geological parameters as reservoir depth, permeability, temperature and injection–production parameters as cyclic gas injection, injection rate, shut-in time and other like these. Then it designed the parameters according to the block. Based on seven periods index forecast, it indicated that the recovery percent by injecting nature gas raised 3.42% compared to depletion. So, injecting nature gas is an effective method for heavy oil exploration. Finally, the block production potential was also very considerable, and the first three layers will be potent objects to exploration。
目前对稠油注天然气吞吐开采技术少量研究主要集中在室内实验方面,对于深层稠油油藏天然气吞吐渗流规律的数值模拟研究则是国内外研究的空白。本文针对吐哈鲁克沁油田西区的现场试验,将注天然气的物理技术和数值模拟技术相结合,对天然气吞吐开采机理、影响因素和影响规律以及参数优化设计进行研究。地层流体的PVT实验及膨胀实验表明天然气注入原油,降粘效果良好,原油体积膨胀为原来的1.056倍,通过实验数据拟合,确定了数值模拟中的流体状态参数;采用组分数值模拟技术研究了油藏特征参数中的油藏深度、温度及渗透率和注采参数中的产液量、注气量、注气压力、注气速度、焖井时间等对天然气吞吐的影响及影响规律,根据影响因素的研究对吐哈鲁克沁油田典型区块进行了参数优化设计;在此基础上对注天然气吞吐开采潜力指标进行了七个周期的预测,对剩余油分布进行了综合研究,研究表明注天然气吞吐的采出程度比衰竭式开采提高了3.42%,是稠油开采的有效手段,但区块整体开采潜力还很大,其中前三层是今后的挖潜对象。
As the oil and gas exploration and development further in depth, the proportion of the reserve hard to develop increases. The steam injection pressure is difficult to realized and the heat loss is far more when exploit the deep heavy oil .So thermal recovery methods doesn’t adapt to these reservoirs. Development by injecting nature gas is possible because it is free of contamination and recoverable. The systematical study in recovery mechanism and technique of deep heavy oil exploration by gas buffing and puffing is vital meaningful.
At present, only few technique studies in injecting nature gas buffing and puffing concentrate in the laboratory experiments. Regarding the numerical simulation researches of deep heavy oil reservoir it is barren. Taking LuKeQin oilfield as an example this paper researches influencing factors and rules and parameters optimization design by the numerical simulation technology. These integrated the PVT experiments and swelling experiment indicated that it has obvious viscosity reducing effect when injecting nature gas; the oil volume with gas injection can be 1.056 times of the oil without gas injection. By the experiments data regression, the EOS parameters were obtained, which will be used in numerical simulation; there studied the reservoir basic geological parameters as reservoir depth, permeability, temperature and injection–production parameters as cyclic gas injection, injection rate, shut-in time and other like these. Then it designed the parameters according to the block. Based on seven periods index forecast, it indicated that the recovery percent by injecting nature gas raised 3.42% compared to depletion. So, injecting nature gas is an effective method for heavy oil exploration. Finally, the block production potential was also very considerable, and the first three layers will be potent objects to exploration。
引文
[1]刘文章.稠油注蒸汽热采工程[M].石油工业出版社,1997:7-24
[2]刘文章.热采稠油油藏开发模式[M].石油工业出版社,1998:82-86.
[3]张红梅,安九泉,吴国华,等.深层稠油油藏CO2吞吐采油工艺试验[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(4):53-56
[4]杨胜来,郎兆新.影响CO2吞吐采油效果的若干因素研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2002, 17(1):32-34,45
[5]罗瑞兰,程林松.深层稠油油藏注CO2开采可行性研究[J].中国海上油气,2003,17(5):312-316
[6]梁玲,程林松,李春兰.利用CO2改善韦5稠油油藏开采效果[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(2):155-157
[7]林江.深层稠油开采工艺技术应用[J].新疆石油科技,2001,11(3):14-16
[8] Haines, Hiemi Kim, Monger,Teresa G. , Marathon Oil Company. A Laboratory Study of Natural Gas Huff-Puff[J] .Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 21576,1990
[9] Lino,U.deR.A.,Pertroleo Brasileiro S.A..Compositional and Phase Behavior Experimental and Theoretical Work on Hydrocarbon Mixtures and Several Solvents[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers,SPE15846,1994
[10]郭平,孙雷,孙良田,等.不同种类气体注入对原油物性的影响研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2000,22(3):57-64
[11]张烈辉,冯佩真,刘月萍,等.单井注气吞吐过程中油气饱和度分布研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2000.11,22(4):52-55
[12]马昌明.LPG吞吐开采稠油数值模拟研究[J].特种油气藏,2003,10(B09):46-47
[13]马昌明.液化石油气吞吐开采稠油物理模拟试验研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,26(B10):23-25
[14]魏云峰,刘同振,王新裕,等.单井注干气吞吐技术在柯克亚凝析气田的应用[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(1):92-94
[15] Greav.M,左新玉.用注空气(LTO)法提高残余低粘油采收率[J].国外油田工程,2000,16(7):5-8
[16]李士伦,张正卿,冉新权,等.注气提高石油采收率技术[M].四川科学技术出版社,2001:53-126
[17]张威.注气法在开采难采储量中的作用[J].国外油田工程,2000,16(8):6-8
[18]李士伦,周守信,杜建芬,等.国内外注气提高石油采收率技术回顾与展望[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(2):1-5
[19]李福垲,贾文瑞.注气非混相驱数值模拟机理研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1994,13(3):46-49
[20]李士伦,郭平,戴磊,等.发展注气提高采收率技术[J].西南石油学院学报,2000,22(3):41-45
[21] John D.Royers Reid B.Grigg.A Literature Analysis of the WAG Injectivity Abnormalities in the CO2 Process.Society of Petroleum Engineer, SPE 59329,2000
[22]韩大匡,杨普华.发展三次采油为主的提高采收率新技术[J].油气采收率技术,1994,1(1):12-18
[23] L.W.莱克.提高石油采收率的科学基础[M].李宗田,候高文,赵百万译.北京:石油工业出版社,1992:12-90
[24]塔雷克.艾哈迈德.油藏工程手册[M].冉新权,何江川译.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:26-45
[25]莫增敏,石家雄.用CO2、产出气及烟道气提高重油采收率的效果对比[J].国外油田工程,2000,16(2):1-6
[26] L. Soto, G. Penuela.Gas-Injection Redistribution Revitalizes a Mature Volatile Oil Field: Cusiana Field Case Study[J].Society of Petroleum Engineer,SPE103593,2006
[27]李福垲.黑油和组分模型的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:6-134
[29]刘慧卿.油藏数值模拟方法专题[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001:11-54
[29]陈月明.油藏数值模拟基础[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1994:8-54
[30]李士伦,孙雷,郭平.油气体系相态及凝析气田开发概论、新技术[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2005:34-172
[31] Enick, Robert M. Ahmed Tarek Hydrodrocarbon Phase Behavior[M].Guif Publishing Company,Houston,1989:23-44
[32] Soave,G,Equilibrium Constants from a Modified Redlich-Kwong.Equation of State[J],Chem.Eng. Sci ,Vol 27,1972:1197-1203
[33] Peng,D.-Y,and Robinson,D.B.,Anew. Two-Constant Equation of State[J],Ind.EngChem. Fundam,Vol.15,1976:59-64.
[34]郭平,李士伦,张思永,等.裂缝性特低渗碳酸岩油藏注烃类气驱油室内实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(2):76-78
[35] M.A.克林斯.二氧化碳驱油机理及工程设计[M].程绍进译.北京:石油工业出版社,1989:213-287
[36] Jakobsson,T.M.christian.Historical Performance of Gas Injection of Ekofish[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc,SPE 28933,1994
[37] Turta A.Ksinghal.Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Oil Recovry from Low Permeability Reservoirs by Air Injection.Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc,SPE 48841,1998
[38]刘中春,高振环,夏惠芬.油藏注气开发的基本条件[J].大庆石油学院学报,1997,21(1):38-42
[39]任福生,刘艳平,段春凤,等.CO2吞吐在段块低渗透油藏的应用[J].断块油气田,2002,9(4):77-79
[40]鞠斌山,栾志安,郝永卯,等.CO2吞吐效果的影响因素分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(1):43-45
[41]黄建东孙守港,陈宗义.低渗透油田注空气提高采收率技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(3):79-81
[42]徐艳梅,郭平,张茂林,等.温五区块注烃气效果影响因素研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(2):31-33
[43]蔺景龙,许少华,宋延杰,等.稠油油藏剩余油分布规律研究[J].大庆石油学院报,1997,21(1):28-31
[44]梁会民,张红梅.胜利油田官7断块剩余油分布及潜力分析[N].黑河科技,2003,3:107-110
[2]刘文章.热采稠油油藏开发模式[M].石油工业出版社,1998:82-86.
[3]张红梅,安九泉,吴国华,等.深层稠油油藏CO2吞吐采油工艺试验[J].石油钻采工艺,2002,24(4):53-56
[4]杨胜来,郎兆新.影响CO2吞吐采油效果的若干因素研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2002, 17(1):32-34,45
[5]罗瑞兰,程林松.深层稠油油藏注CO2开采可行性研究[J].中国海上油气,2003,17(5):312-316
[6]梁玲,程林松,李春兰.利用CO2改善韦5稠油油藏开采效果[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(2):155-157
[7]林江.深层稠油开采工艺技术应用[J].新疆石油科技,2001,11(3):14-16
[8] Haines, Hiemi Kim, Monger,Teresa G. , Marathon Oil Company. A Laboratory Study of Natural Gas Huff-Puff[J] .Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE 21576,1990
[9] Lino,U.deR.A.,Pertroleo Brasileiro S.A..Compositional and Phase Behavior Experimental and Theoretical Work on Hydrocarbon Mixtures and Several Solvents[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers,SPE15846,1994
[10]郭平,孙雷,孙良田,等.不同种类气体注入对原油物性的影响研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2000,22(3):57-64
[11]张烈辉,冯佩真,刘月萍,等.单井注气吞吐过程中油气饱和度分布研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2000.11,22(4):52-55
[12]马昌明.LPG吞吐开采稠油数值模拟研究[J].特种油气藏,2003,10(B09):46-47
[13]马昌明.液化石油气吞吐开采稠油物理模拟试验研究[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,26(B10):23-25
[14]魏云峰,刘同振,王新裕,等.单井注干气吞吐技术在柯克亚凝析气田的应用[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(1):92-94
[15] Greav.M,左新玉.用注空气(LTO)法提高残余低粘油采收率[J].国外油田工程,2000,16(7):5-8
[16]李士伦,张正卿,冉新权,等.注气提高石油采收率技术[M].四川科学技术出版社,2001:53-126
[17]张威.注气法在开采难采储量中的作用[J].国外油田工程,2000,16(8):6-8
[18]李士伦,周守信,杜建芬,等.国内外注气提高石油采收率技术回顾与展望[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(2):1-5
[19]李福垲,贾文瑞.注气非混相驱数值模拟机理研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1994,13(3):46-49
[20]李士伦,郭平,戴磊,等.发展注气提高采收率技术[J].西南石油学院学报,2000,22(3):41-45
[21] John D.Royers Reid B.Grigg.A Literature Analysis of the WAG Injectivity Abnormalities in the CO2 Process.Society of Petroleum Engineer, SPE 59329,2000
[22]韩大匡,杨普华.发展三次采油为主的提高采收率新技术[J].油气采收率技术,1994,1(1):12-18
[23] L.W.莱克.提高石油采收率的科学基础[M].李宗田,候高文,赵百万译.北京:石油工业出版社,1992:12-90
[24]塔雷克.艾哈迈德.油藏工程手册[M].冉新权,何江川译.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:26-45
[25]莫增敏,石家雄.用CO2、产出气及烟道气提高重油采收率的效果对比[J].国外油田工程,2000,16(2):1-6
[26] L. Soto, G. Penuela.Gas-Injection Redistribution Revitalizes a Mature Volatile Oil Field: Cusiana Field Case Study[J].Society of Petroleum Engineer,SPE103593,2006
[27]李福垲.黑油和组分模型的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1996:6-134
[29]刘慧卿.油藏数值模拟方法专题[M].东营:石油大学出版社,2001:11-54
[29]陈月明.油藏数值模拟基础[M].东营:石油大学出版社,1994:8-54
[30]李士伦,孙雷,郭平.油气体系相态及凝析气田开发概论、新技术[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2005:34-172
[31] Enick, Robert M. Ahmed Tarek Hydrodrocarbon Phase Behavior[M].Guif Publishing Company,Houston,1989:23-44
[32] Soave,G,Equilibrium Constants from a Modified Redlich-Kwong.Equation of State[J],Chem.Eng. Sci ,Vol 27,1972:1197-1203
[33] Peng,D.-Y,and Robinson,D.B.,Anew. Two-Constant Equation of State[J],Ind.EngChem. Fundam,Vol.15,1976:59-64.
[34]郭平,李士伦,张思永,等.裂缝性特低渗碳酸岩油藏注烃类气驱油室内实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(2):76-78
[35] M.A.克林斯.二氧化碳驱油机理及工程设计[M].程绍进译.北京:石油工业出版社,1989:213-287
[36] Jakobsson,T.M.christian.Historical Performance of Gas Injection of Ekofish[J]. Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc,SPE 28933,1994
[37] Turta A.Ksinghal.Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Oil Recovry from Low Permeability Reservoirs by Air Injection.Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc,SPE 48841,1998
[38]刘中春,高振环,夏惠芬.油藏注气开发的基本条件[J].大庆石油学院学报,1997,21(1):38-42
[39]任福生,刘艳平,段春凤,等.CO2吞吐在段块低渗透油藏的应用[J].断块油气田,2002,9(4):77-79
[40]鞠斌山,栾志安,郝永卯,等.CO2吞吐效果的影响因素分析[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(1):43-45
[41]黄建东孙守港,陈宗义.低渗透油田注空气提高采收率技术[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(3):79-81
[42]徐艳梅,郭平,张茂林,等.温五区块注烃气效果影响因素研究[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(2):31-33
[43]蔺景龙,许少华,宋延杰,等.稠油油藏剩余油分布规律研究[J].大庆石油学院报,1997,21(1):28-31
[44]梁会民,张红梅.胜利油田官7断块剩余油分布及潜力分析[N].黑河科技,2003,3:107-110