超稠油油藏热三元复合吞吐机理研究
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摘要
由于在油层温度下脱气原油粘度大于5×104mPa·s,超稠油在油层中流动性很差甚至根本不能流动。采用常规蒸汽吞吐开发超稠油油藏存在含水上升率高,递减率大、最终原油采收率很低等问题。通过在注汽的同时注入一定量的油溶性降粘剂和二氧化碳来达到降低原油粘度、提高地层能量来改善蒸汽吞吐开发效果,提出一种针对超稠油油藏的新型开采技术即热三元复合吞吐技术。
通过室内超稠油-二氧化碳混合体系高压物性试验以及在不同驱替介质(蒸汽、蒸汽+二氧化碳、蒸汽+二氧化碳+油溶性降粘剂)下的一维长岩心驱油实验,在分析作用机理、驱替效果的基础上,得出在注蒸汽的同时注入降粘剂和二氧化碳能够降低超稠油粘度,产生弹性能,从而提高驱油效率。
根据物理模型的实验研究成果建立数值模型,在优化超稠油油藏常规蒸汽吞吐注汽参数的基础上,对热三元复合吞吐注采参数进行对比和优选,得到热三元复合吞吐最优方案。结果表明热三元复合吞吐技术比常规蒸汽吞吐技术提高2.37%的原油采收率。
研究表明热三元复合吞吐技术能够较好地改善超稠油常规蒸汽吞吐效果,为我国开发超稠油油藏开辟一条新的途径。
Ultra-heavy oil of which viscosity is more than 5×104mPa·s in reservoir has a poor mobility or even is unmovable. The conventional huff-puff method has many problems: higher water-cut escalating rate and decline rate, lower final oil recovery. So a new technology was suggested which was called thermal ternary combination huff-puff to exploit the ultra-heavy oil. This new technology was defined as that some oil-soluble viscosity reducers and CO2 were injected with steam to decrease the viscosity of crude oil and to enhance producing energy with the purpose of improving the effects of cyclic steam injection.
Through the laboratory PVT test on ultra-heavy oil–CO2 mixed system and long core test using different displacing mediums (steam, steam+CO2, steam+CO2+ oil-soluble viscosity reducers), and based on the analysis of the mechanisms and the effects of displacement, it is concluded that injecting viscosity reducers and CO2 with steam can decrease viscosity of extra-heavy oil, produce elastic energy, so as to enhance the efficiency of oil displacement.
According to the results of physical model experiment, a numerical model was built, on the basis of optimization of conventional steam stimulation parameters in the ultra-heavy oil reservoir, injection-production parameters were contrasted and optimized, then optimal case was obtained. The result showed that thermal ternary combination huff-puff improved 2.37% recovery comparing to conventional steam stimulation.
The study indicated ternary combination huff-puff can improve the effect of conventional steam stimulation on ultra-heavy oil comparatively, it opened up a new way for the development of China's ultra-heavy oil reservoir.
通过室内超稠油-二氧化碳混合体系高压物性试验以及在不同驱替介质(蒸汽、蒸汽+二氧化碳、蒸汽+二氧化碳+油溶性降粘剂)下的一维长岩心驱油实验,在分析作用机理、驱替效果的基础上,得出在注蒸汽的同时注入降粘剂和二氧化碳能够降低超稠油粘度,产生弹性能,从而提高驱油效率。
根据物理模型的实验研究成果建立数值模型,在优化超稠油油藏常规蒸汽吞吐注汽参数的基础上,对热三元复合吞吐注采参数进行对比和优选,得到热三元复合吞吐最优方案。结果表明热三元复合吞吐技术比常规蒸汽吞吐技术提高2.37%的原油采收率。
研究表明热三元复合吞吐技术能够较好地改善超稠油常规蒸汽吞吐效果,为我国开发超稠油油藏开辟一条新的途径。
Ultra-heavy oil of which viscosity is more than 5×104mPa·s in reservoir has a poor mobility or even is unmovable. The conventional huff-puff method has many problems: higher water-cut escalating rate and decline rate, lower final oil recovery. So a new technology was suggested which was called thermal ternary combination huff-puff to exploit the ultra-heavy oil. This new technology was defined as that some oil-soluble viscosity reducers and CO2 were injected with steam to decrease the viscosity of crude oil and to enhance producing energy with the purpose of improving the effects of cyclic steam injection.
Through the laboratory PVT test on ultra-heavy oil–CO2 mixed system and long core test using different displacing mediums (steam, steam+CO2, steam+CO2+ oil-soluble viscosity reducers), and based on the analysis of the mechanisms and the effects of displacement, it is concluded that injecting viscosity reducers and CO2 with steam can decrease viscosity of extra-heavy oil, produce elastic energy, so as to enhance the efficiency of oil displacement.
According to the results of physical model experiment, a numerical model was built, on the basis of optimization of conventional steam stimulation parameters in the ultra-heavy oil reservoir, injection-production parameters were contrasted and optimized, then optimal case was obtained. The result showed that thermal ternary combination huff-puff improved 2.37% recovery comparing to conventional steam stimulation.
The study indicated ternary combination huff-puff can improve the effect of conventional steam stimulation on ultra-heavy oil comparatively, it opened up a new way for the development of China's ultra-heavy oil reservoir.
引文
[1]牛嘉玉,刘尚奇,门存贵,等.稠油资源地质与开发利用[M] .北京:科学出版社,2002
[2]刘文章.热采稠油油藏开发模式[M] .北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[3] Butler R M. Steam-assisted gravity drainage: concept , development , performance and future[J]. Jounal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 1994, 33(2): 44-50
[4] Butler R M, Petela G. Theoretical estimation of break-through time and instantaneous shape of steam front during vertical steam flooding[J]. Aostra Jounal of Reserch, 1989, 5 (4): 359-391
[5] Stang H R, Soni Y. Saner ranch pilot test of fracture-assisted seamflood technology[J]. Journal Pet Tech, 1987, 39(6): 684-696
[6] Britton M W, Martin W L, Leibrecht R J , et al. Street ranch pilot test: fracture-assisted steamflood technology[R]. SPE 10707, 1983
[7]关文龙,田利,郑南方.水平井裂缝-蒸汽辅助重力泄油物理模拟试验研究[J] .石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003;27(3):50-54
[8]刘尚奇,包连纯,马德胜.辽河油田超稠油油藏开发方式研究[J] .石油勘探与开发,1998;26(4):80-81
[9] Svrcek W Y, Mehrotra A K. Gas solubility, viscosity and density measurements for Athabasca bitumen[J]. J Can Pet Tech, 1982, 19(6):31-38
[10] Peterson A V. Optimal recovery experiments with N2 and CO2[J].Pet Eng International, 1978, 11(5):40-50
[11]王嘉淮,李允.注氮气改善稠油蒸汽吞吐后期开采效果[J].西南石油学院学报,2002,24(3):46-49
[12]陈荣灿,霍进,郭新和.稠油注蒸汽加氮气吞吐试验研究[J].特种油气藏,1999,6(3):59-64
[13]陈晓源.氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐工艺在面120区的应用研究[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(6):53-59
[14]马春红,段永旭.洼38块蒸汽复合烟道气驱试验研究[J].特种油气藏,2001,8(4):74-78
[15]刘慧卿,侯志杰,高本成,等.高3断块烟道气蒸汽混注驱替实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(5):79-81
[16] Saner W B, Patton J T. CO2 recovery of heavy oil: wilmington Field test[J]. JPT, 1986, 38(6): 769-776
[17] Bakshi A K, Ogbe D O. Feasibility study of CO2 simulation in theWest Sak Field,Alaska[R]. SPE24038, 1992: 151-158
[18] Holm L W, Brien O. Carbon dioxide test at the Mead Strawn Field[J]. JPT, 1971, 23(1-6): 431-442
[19]罗瑞兰,程林松.稠油油藏多轮次蒸汽吞吐后注CO2的可行性[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(2):182-184
[20]沈德煌,张义堂,张霞,等.稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐后转注CO2的可行性[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):83-86
[21] R. R. Lessard. Recent Advances in Oil Spill Dispersant Technology with Emphasis on New Capability to Disperse Heavy Oil(R) . SPE 46745, 1998
[22] Gary R, Greaser. New Thermal Recovery Technology and Technology Transfer for Successful Heavy Oil Development(R). SPE 69731, 2001
[23] L.G.Brach等著,张文玉译:Tia Juana油田注蒸汽-溶剂生产试验,油气田开发工程译丛,第12期,1991,12
[24]于红中,郑良宏,宝永福等.冷家油田注蒸汽添加溶剂和氮气提高稠油蒸汽吞吐效果试验研究,第三届中加稠油技术讨论会论文集,1995,11
[25]李牧,马达波,边芳霞.冷家堡油田稠油蒸汽加溶剂吞吐试验[J].特种油气藏,1995,2(2):48-53
[26]沈德煌,谢建军,王晓春.尿素在稠油油藏注蒸汽开发中的实验研究及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,12(2):85-87
[27]刘长,曹嫣镔,宋丹,等.石油磺酸盐复合体系在稠油热采领域的应用研究[J].钻采工艺,2006,29(2):88-93
[28]陈德春、石志敏、张鸿文.超稠油化学增油助排剂研究及应用[J].石油钻探技术,2004,32(5):51-53
[29] Reidenbach, Harris, Lee Lord. Rheological study of foam fracturing fluids nitrogen and carbon dioxide(R). SPE 12026, 1983
[30]袁士义,刘尚奇,张义堂,等.热水添加氮气泡沫驱提高稠油采收率研究[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):57-61
[31]曹嫣镔,郭省学,唐培忠,等.伴蒸汽注化学剂提高采收率的室内研究[J].油气采收率技术,2000,7(4):16-19
[32]宋清新,刘琳波,邹晓霞,等.多效复合驱油体系研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(5):58-62
[33]高永荣,刘尚奇,沈德煌,等.超稠油氮气、溶剂辅助蒸汽吞吐开采技术研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,30(2):73-75
[34]孙家国,邵国峰,天华.二氧化碳三元复合吞吐采油技术在杜84区块的应用[J].渤海大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(1):18-21
[35]欧阳传湘,闫利恒,姚梦多,等.超稠油三元复合吞吐物理模拟实验研究[J].新疆石油天然气,2007,3(4):40-43
[36]张毅,赵明方,周风山,等.马来酸酐-苯乙烯-丙烯酸高级酯稠油降粘剂MSA的研制[J].油田化学,2000,17(4):295-298
[37]吴本芳,杨允明,沈木贤.SL的合成及降粘性能研究[J].油田化学,2003,20(1):78-82
[38] Luigi Bertern, Alherto Dilullo, Amclia Lentini. An innovative way to transport heavy oil through dispersion in water Laboratoryb study and field test results(R). SPE28543, 1994
[39] EL- Camal M, Ghuiba F M. EL- Batanoney M H, Gobiel S. Synthesis and Evaluation of Acrylate Polymers for Improving Flow Perperties of Waxy crude Oils. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1994, 52(1): 9-19
[40]李建波,梁发书,郭川梅.稠油降粘剂的合成及其作用机理分析[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(1):40-43
[41]祝明华,姜红金贺星耀.原油降凝降黏剂HC在稠油生产井中的应用[J].油田化学,1998,15(1):28-30
[42] SY/T6136—1997,中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准[S].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[43] SY/T6135—1997,中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准[S].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[44]杨胜来,王亮,何建军,等.CO2吞吐增油机理及矿场应用效果[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(6):23-26
[45]沈德煌,张义堂,张霞,等.稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐后转注CO2吞吐开采研究[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):83-86
[46]常运兴,张新军.稠油油溶性降粘剂降粘机理研究[J].油气田地面工程,2006,25(4):8-9
[2]刘文章.热采稠油油藏开发模式[M] .北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[3] Butler R M. Steam-assisted gravity drainage: concept , development , performance and future[J]. Jounal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 1994, 33(2): 44-50
[4] Butler R M, Petela G. Theoretical estimation of break-through time and instantaneous shape of steam front during vertical steam flooding[J]. Aostra Jounal of Reserch, 1989, 5 (4): 359-391
[5] Stang H R, Soni Y. Saner ranch pilot test of fracture-assisted seamflood technology[J]. Journal Pet Tech, 1987, 39(6): 684-696
[6] Britton M W, Martin W L, Leibrecht R J , et al. Street ranch pilot test: fracture-assisted steamflood technology[R]. SPE 10707, 1983
[7]关文龙,田利,郑南方.水平井裂缝-蒸汽辅助重力泄油物理模拟试验研究[J] .石油大学学报(自然科学版),2003;27(3):50-54
[8]刘尚奇,包连纯,马德胜.辽河油田超稠油油藏开发方式研究[J] .石油勘探与开发,1998;26(4):80-81
[9] Svrcek W Y, Mehrotra A K. Gas solubility, viscosity and density measurements for Athabasca bitumen[J]. J Can Pet Tech, 1982, 19(6):31-38
[10] Peterson A V. Optimal recovery experiments with N2 and CO2[J].Pet Eng International, 1978, 11(5):40-50
[11]王嘉淮,李允.注氮气改善稠油蒸汽吞吐后期开采效果[J].西南石油学院学报,2002,24(3):46-49
[12]陈荣灿,霍进,郭新和.稠油注蒸汽加氮气吞吐试验研究[J].特种油气藏,1999,6(3):59-64
[13]陈晓源.氮气辅助蒸汽吞吐工艺在面120区的应用研究[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(6):53-59
[14]马春红,段永旭.洼38块蒸汽复合烟道气驱试验研究[J].特种油气藏,2001,8(4):74-78
[15]刘慧卿,侯志杰,高本成,等.高3断块烟道气蒸汽混注驱替实验研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2001,28(5):79-81
[16] Saner W B, Patton J T. CO2 recovery of heavy oil: wilmington Field test[J]. JPT, 1986, 38(6): 769-776
[17] Bakshi A K, Ogbe D O. Feasibility study of CO2 simulation in theWest Sak Field,Alaska[R]. SPE24038, 1992: 151-158
[18] Holm L W, Brien O. Carbon dioxide test at the Mead Strawn Field[J]. JPT, 1971, 23(1-6): 431-442
[19]罗瑞兰,程林松.稠油油藏多轮次蒸汽吞吐后注CO2的可行性[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(2):182-184
[20]沈德煌,张义堂,张霞,等.稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐后转注CO2的可行性[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):83-86
[21] R. R. Lessard. Recent Advances in Oil Spill Dispersant Technology with Emphasis on New Capability to Disperse Heavy Oil(R) . SPE 46745, 1998
[22] Gary R, Greaser. New Thermal Recovery Technology and Technology Transfer for Successful Heavy Oil Development(R). SPE 69731, 2001
[23] L.G.Brach等著,张文玉译:Tia Juana油田注蒸汽-溶剂生产试验,油气田开发工程译丛,第12期,1991,12
[24]于红中,郑良宏,宝永福等.冷家油田注蒸汽添加溶剂和氮气提高稠油蒸汽吞吐效果试验研究,第三届中加稠油技术讨论会论文集,1995,11
[25]李牧,马达波,边芳霞.冷家堡油田稠油蒸汽加溶剂吞吐试验[J].特种油气藏,1995,2(2):48-53
[26]沈德煌,谢建军,王晓春.尿素在稠油油藏注蒸汽开发中的实验研究及应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,12(2):85-87
[27]刘长,曹嫣镔,宋丹,等.石油磺酸盐复合体系在稠油热采领域的应用研究[J].钻采工艺,2006,29(2):88-93
[28]陈德春、石志敏、张鸿文.超稠油化学增油助排剂研究及应用[J].石油钻探技术,2004,32(5):51-53
[29] Reidenbach, Harris, Lee Lord. Rheological study of foam fracturing fluids nitrogen and carbon dioxide(R). SPE 12026, 1983
[30]袁士义,刘尚奇,张义堂,等.热水添加氮气泡沫驱提高稠油采收率研究[J].石油学报,2004,25(1):57-61
[31]曹嫣镔,郭省学,唐培忠,等.伴蒸汽注化学剂提高采收率的室内研究[J].油气采收率技术,2000,7(4):16-19
[32]宋清新,刘琳波,邹晓霞,等.多效复合驱油体系研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2005,27(5):58-62
[33]高永荣,刘尚奇,沈德煌,等.超稠油氮气、溶剂辅助蒸汽吞吐开采技术研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2002,30(2):73-75
[34]孙家国,邵国峰,天华.二氧化碳三元复合吞吐采油技术在杜84区块的应用[J].渤海大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(1):18-21
[35]欧阳传湘,闫利恒,姚梦多,等.超稠油三元复合吞吐物理模拟实验研究[J].新疆石油天然气,2007,3(4):40-43
[36]张毅,赵明方,周风山,等.马来酸酐-苯乙烯-丙烯酸高级酯稠油降粘剂MSA的研制[J].油田化学,2000,17(4):295-298
[37]吴本芳,杨允明,沈木贤.SL的合成及降粘性能研究[J].油田化学,2003,20(1):78-82
[38] Luigi Bertern, Alherto Dilullo, Amclia Lentini. An innovative way to transport heavy oil through dispersion in water Laboratoryb study and field test results(R). SPE28543, 1994
[39] EL- Camal M, Ghuiba F M. EL- Batanoney M H, Gobiel S. Synthesis and Evaluation of Acrylate Polymers for Improving Flow Perperties of Waxy crude Oils. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1994, 52(1): 9-19
[40]李建波,梁发书,郭川梅.稠油降粘剂的合成及其作用机理分析[J].西南石油学院学报,2001,23(1):40-43
[41]祝明华,姜红金贺星耀.原油降凝降黏剂HC在稠油生产井中的应用[J].油田化学,1998,15(1):28-30
[42] SY/T6136—1997,中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准[S].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[43] SY/T6135—1997,中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准[S].北京:石油工业出版社,1998
[44]杨胜来,王亮,何建军,等.CO2吞吐增油机理及矿场应用效果[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(6):23-26
[45]沈德煌,张义堂,张霞,等.稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐后转注CO2吞吐开采研究[J].石油学报,2005,26(1):83-86
[46]常运兴,张新军.稠油油溶性降粘剂降粘机理研究[J].油气田地面工程,2006,25(4):8-9