稀土冶炼氨氮废水处理研究
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摘要
论文针对稀土冶炼废水中氨氮去除进行了实验研究，考察了稀土冶炼中湿法冶炼的两种类型酸法冶金和碱法冶金的工艺流程。结合冶炼工艺流程，进一步地研究了稀土冶炼废水产生的途径、稀土冶炼废水的种类、稀土冶炼废水中氨氮对环境造成的污染，以及国内外对稀土冶炼废水的治理现状。研究结果表明：氨氮是稀土冶炼废水中的主要污染物之一，含量很高。针对稀土冶炼废水中氨氮浓度大的现状，综合比较各种氨氮的检测处理技术，提出采用滴定法检测冶炼废水中氨氮含量，选择化学沉淀法和离子(沸石)交换法两个阶段联合处理冶炼废水中的氨氮。实验过程中，检测出氯氨废水中氨氮含量为13031.4 mg／L，通过氨氮模拟水样的处理实验，分别确定了化学沉淀法、离子交换法除氨氮的影响因素。
化学沉淀法除氨氮的影响因素主要是PH值、反应时间t、反应温度T以及进水氨氮浓度C_0。当控制因素为：PH=9.0、t=1.0h、Mg∶N∶P=1.3：1.0：1.1、C_0=500～10000mg／L，得出：去除率η=60～90％。在得出最佳控制条件后，原水废水在此条件下，通过三次这样的连续处理，氨氮含量由原来的13031.4mg／L→2006.8mg／L→563.9mg／L→220.5mg／L，为第二处理阶段沸石离子交换法处理创造了条件。离子交换法除氨氮的影响因素主要是反应时间t、PH、反应温度T、进水氨氮浓度C_0。当控制因素为：t=1.0h、PH=9.0、T=20℃、C_0=100～300mg／L、得出：去除率η=80～95％。经化学沉淀法处理的上清液出水，在各最佳控制条件下，利用离子(沸石)交换法经过一次处理，上清液出水氨氮含量由220.5mg／L下降到19.7mg／L。稀土冶炼氨氮废水经过化学沉淀法与离子交换法两个阶段的联合处理，处理结果符合理论计算，氨氮达到排放标准。
This is according to the subject : Rare Earth is smelted waste water
to study remove ammonia nitrogen , and inspected the process flow of sour law
metallurgy and alkali law metallurgy of rare Earth the two kinds of types that
the wet law is smelted in smelting. Combine smelts the process flow. studied that
rare Earth smelts the way and rare Earth that the waste water the give rise to
kind smelted waste water and rare Earth is smelted the pollution that ammonia
nitrogen created in the waste water to the environment , as well as the home
and abroad smelts the administering present situation of waste water to rare
Earth further. Studying the result indicate : Ammonia nitrogen is one of major
pollutant that Rare Earth is smelted in the waste water , and content is very
high . Be directed against big present situation of rare Earth consistency smelted
in the waste water ammonia nitrogen , checkout handle technology of fairly more
various ammonia nitrogen of synthesis , and puts forward to use to titrate that
the law checkout smelts in the waste water ammonia nitrogen content , and select
chemistry means of sediment and ion ( zeolite ) exchange law jointly to deal
with to smelt ammonia nitrogen in the waste water in two stages . In the experiment
course , the checkout goes out in the chlorine ammonia waste water ammonia
nitrogen content to serve as 13031.4 mg/l by way of ammonia nitrogen imitates
water kind the handle experiment , defined the chemistry means of sediment and
ion exchange law influence factor remove ammonia nitrogen respectively .
The chemistry means of sediment chiefly are PH value remove the influence factor of ammonia nitrogen and reaction time t , reaction temperature T as well as intakes ammonia nitrogen consistency C0 .The factor is when controlling : PH=9. 0 , t=1.0h and Mg : N : P=1. 3: 1. 0: 1. 1 and the C0=500-10000mg/l and yield
= 60-90% . Primary water waste water is under this condition after reaching the optimum control condition , and by way of three such continuouss processing , ammonia nitrogen content is by original 13031.4 mg/1-2006. 8 mg/1-563. 9 mg/l
-220.5 mg/1 serve as second handle stage zeolite ion exchange law condition deal with the create. The ion exchange law chiefly is reaction time t , PH ,
reaction temperature T remove the influence factor of ammonia nitrogen and intakes ammonia nitrogen consistency C0. The factor is when controlling : T=1.0h , PH=9. 0 and T = 20 , C0=100-300mg/l and yield n= 80鈥?5% . Through the chemistry means of sediment deals with goes up clearly liquid appears above water , and utilization ion ( zeolite ) exchange law is passed and is once deal with under each optimum control condition , upward clearly the liquid appears above water , and ammonia nitrogen content descends to 19. 7mg/l by 220.5 mg/l. Rare Earth is smelted chlorine ammonia waste water as a result of the jointly handle of in two stages chemistry means of sediment and ion exchange law , and the handle result fits theory calculation , and ammonia nitrogen achieves the placing in proper order standard .
化学沉淀法除氨氮的影响因素主要是PH值、反应时间t、反应温度T以及进水氨氮浓度C_0。当控制因素为：PH=9.0、t=1.0h、Mg∶N∶P=1.3：1.0：1.1、C_0=500～10000mg／L，得出：去除率η=60～90％。在得出最佳控制条件后，原水废水在此条件下，通过三次这样的连续处理，氨氮含量由原来的13031.4mg／L→2006.8mg／L→563.9mg／L→220.5mg／L，为第二处理阶段沸石离子交换法处理创造了条件。离子交换法除氨氮的影响因素主要是反应时间t、PH、反应温度T、进水氨氮浓度C_0。当控制因素为：t=1.0h、PH=9.0、T=20℃、C_0=100～300mg／L、得出：去除率η=80～95％。经化学沉淀法处理的上清液出水，在各最佳控制条件下，利用离子(沸石)交换法经过一次处理，上清液出水氨氮含量由220.5mg／L下降到19.7mg／L。稀土冶炼氨氮废水经过化学沉淀法与离子交换法两个阶段的联合处理，处理结果符合理论计算，氨氮达到排放标准。
This is according to the subject : Rare Earth is smelted waste water
to study remove ammonia nitrogen , and inspected the process flow of sour law
metallurgy and alkali law metallurgy of rare Earth the two kinds of types that
the wet law is smelted in smelting. Combine smelts the process flow. studied that
rare Earth smelts the way and rare Earth that the waste water the give rise to
kind smelted waste water and rare Earth is smelted the pollution that ammonia
nitrogen created in the waste water to the environment , as well as the home
and abroad smelts the administering present situation of waste water to rare
Earth further. Studying the result indicate : Ammonia nitrogen is one of major
pollutant that Rare Earth is smelted in the waste water , and content is very
high . Be directed against big present situation of rare Earth consistency smelted
in the waste water ammonia nitrogen , checkout handle technology of fairly more
various ammonia nitrogen of synthesis , and puts forward to use to titrate that
the law checkout smelts in the waste water ammonia nitrogen content , and select
chemistry means of sediment and ion ( zeolite ) exchange law jointly to deal
with to smelt ammonia nitrogen in the waste water in two stages . In the experiment
course , the checkout goes out in the chlorine ammonia waste water ammonia
nitrogen content to serve as 13031.4 mg/l by way of ammonia nitrogen imitates
water kind the handle experiment , defined the chemistry means of sediment and
ion exchange law influence factor remove ammonia nitrogen respectively .
The chemistry means of sediment chiefly are PH value remove the influence factor of ammonia nitrogen and reaction time t , reaction temperature T as well as intakes ammonia nitrogen consistency C0 .The factor is when controlling : PH=9. 0 , t=1.0h and Mg : N : P=1. 3: 1. 0: 1. 1 and the C0=500-10000mg/l and yield
= 60-90% . Primary water waste water is under this condition after reaching the optimum control condition , and by way of three such continuouss processing , ammonia nitrogen content is by original 13031.4 mg/1-2006. 8 mg/1-563. 9 mg/l
-220.5 mg/1 serve as second handle stage zeolite ion exchange law condition deal with the create. The ion exchange law chiefly is reaction time t , PH ,
reaction temperature T remove the influence factor of ammonia nitrogen and intakes ammonia nitrogen consistency C0. The factor is when controlling : T=1.0h , PH=9. 0 and T = 20 , C0=100-300mg/l and yield n= 80鈥?5% . Through the chemistry means of sediment deals with goes up clearly liquid appears above water , and utilization ion ( zeolite ) exchange law is passed and is once deal with under each optimum control condition , upward clearly the liquid appears above water , and ammonia nitrogen content descends to 19. 7mg/l by 220.5 mg/l. Rare Earth is smelted chlorine ammonia waste water as a result of the jointly handle of in two stages chemistry means of sediment and ion exchange law , and the handle result fits theory calculation , and ammonia nitrogen achieves the placing in proper order standard .
引文
[1] 王利平，于玲红．稀土冶炼中废水的产生和治理[J]．2002
[2] 徐光宪．稀土(第二版)[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1995
[3] 石富．稀土冶金[M]．呼和浩特：内蒙古大学出版社，1994
[4] 庞宏．内蒙古包钢稀土高科技股份有限公司污染综合治理建设工程环境影响报告书[M]．包头：包头钢铁设计研究总院，2002
[5] Dictionaryoflnorganiccompounds,Vol.3,C46-Zr/London&Hall, 1992.
[6] 蔡英茂．稀土生产废水治理方案概述[J]．稀土，14(5)，2001，72～75．
[7] 奚旦立．环境工程-环境监测卷[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1998
[8] 黄君礼．水分析化学[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[9] 黄秀莲，张大年，何燧源．环境分析与监测[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1996
[10] 郑春生，扬南，李梅，催春仙．基础化学实验-无机及化学分析实验部分[M]．天津：南开大学出版社，2002．
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[12] KenichiEbataetal.Ammonia removalfrom wastewa-ters.Japan.Kokai:7704,649.
[13] GlsvoldB,OdegaardH,FollesdalM.WaterSciTechnol[J],2000,41(9): 107-114.
[14] 浙江大学普通化学教研组．普通化学实验(第三版)[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．
[15] 城乡建设环境保护部环境保护局．环境监测分析方法[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1986．
[16] 李宗宝，江婉贞，氨氮测定方法的比较[J]．茂名学院学报，11(3)，2001，39～41
[17] 钟理，谭春伟，胡孙林，刘军，徐光明，陈微明，廖平．氨氮废水降解技术进展[J]．化工科技，10(2)，2002，59～62
[18] 黄骏，陈建中．氨氮废水处理技术研究进展．环境污染治理技术与设备[J]，3(1)，2002，65～68
[19] 仝武刚，王继徽．高浓度氨氮废水处理现状与发展[J]．工业水处理，22(9)，2002，9～12
[20] GisvoldB,OdegaardH,FollesdalM.WaterSci.Technol[J],2000,41(4-5):409-416.
[21] 胡孙林，钟理．氨氮废水处理技术[J]．现代化工，21(6)，2001，47～52
[22] 郝醒华，刘继凤，陈云伟．氨氮水处理技术研究[J]．黑龙江大学自然科学学报，18(1)，2001，95～98
[23] 何卿，李峰．高浓度氨氮废水处理试验[J]．江苏环境科技，12(4)，1999，12～14
[24] 李才辉，冯晓西，乌锡康．MAP法处理氨氮废水最佳条件的研究[J]．化学世界，S1．2002，66～70
[25] 钟理，詹怀宇，D．O．Hill．化学沉淀法除去废水中的氨氮及其反应的探讨[J]．重庆环境科学，22(6)，2000，54～59
[26] 刘刚，丁雪红，秦朝远．化学沉淀法处理氨氮废水技术[J]．环境科学与技术，26(5)，1998，43～47
[27] 方建章，黄少斌．化学沉淀法去除水中氨氮试验研究[J]．环境科学与技术，22(5)，2002，34～37
[28] ChungY-C,SonD-H,AhnDH.WaterScienceandTechnology[J],42(5-6): 127-134.
[29] DaeHeeSon,DongWookKim,YunChulChung.Biotechnol.Lett[J],2000,22(1):35-38.
[30] 赵庆良，李湘中．化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮[J]．环境科学，26(5)，1999，51～54
[31] 汪超，冯晓西，顾印玉，乌锡康．沸石在废水脱氨氮中的应用：(Ⅰ)沸石离子交换脱氨氮[J]．化学世界，S1，2002，60～63
[32] 汪超．冯晓西．顾印玉．乌锡康．沸石在废水脱氨氮中的应用：(Ⅱ)沸石生化结合脱氨氮[J]．化学世界，S1，2002，63～66
[33] WildererPA,ArnzP, ArnoldE.WaterAirandSoilPollution[J],2000,123(1): 147-158.
[34] 肖举强．沸石去除污水中氨氮的研究[J]．兰州铁道学院学报，21(1)，2002，87～90
[35] 张晓丽，温俨，武果香，杨增荣．沸石去除废水中氨氮的实验研究[J]．科技情报开发与经济，19(1)，1999，14～16
[2] 徐光宪．稀土(第二版)[M]．北京：冶金工业出版社，1995
[3] 石富．稀土冶金[M]．呼和浩特：内蒙古大学出版社，1994
[4] 庞宏．内蒙古包钢稀土高科技股份有限公司污染综合治理建设工程环境影响报告书[M]．包头：包头钢铁设计研究总院，2002
[5] Dictionaryoflnorganiccompounds,Vol.3,C46-Zr/London&Hall, 1992.
[6] 蔡英茂．稀土生产废水治理方案概述[J]．稀土，14(5)，2001，72～75．
[7] 奚旦立．环境工程-环境监测卷[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1998
[8] 黄君礼．水分析化学[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1997
[9] 黄秀莲，张大年，何燧源．环境分析与监测[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1996
[10] 郑春生，扬南，李梅，催春仙．基础化学实验-无机及化学分析实验部分[M]．天津：南开大学出版社，2002．
[11] 浙江大学普通化学教研组．普通化学(第四版)[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1999
[12] KenichiEbataetal.Ammonia removalfrom wastewa-ters.Japan.Kokai:7704,649.
[13] GlsvoldB,OdegaardH,FollesdalM.WaterSciTechnol[J],2000,41(9): 107-114.
[14] 浙江大学普通化学教研组．普通化学实验(第三版)[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．
[15] 城乡建设环境保护部环境保护局．环境监测分析方法[M]．北京：中国环境科学出版社，1986．
[16] 李宗宝，江婉贞，氨氮测定方法的比较[J]．茂名学院学报，11(3)，2001，39～41
[17] 钟理，谭春伟，胡孙林，刘军，徐光明，陈微明，廖平．氨氮废水降解技术进展[J]．化工科技，10(2)，2002，59～62
[18] 黄骏，陈建中．氨氮废水处理技术研究进展．环境污染治理技术与设备[J]，3(1)，2002，65～68
[19] 仝武刚，王继徽．高浓度氨氮废水处理现状与发展[J]．工业水处理，22(9)，2002，9～12
[20] GisvoldB,OdegaardH,FollesdalM.WaterSci.Technol[J],2000,41(4-5):409-416.
[21] 胡孙林，钟理．氨氮废水处理技术[J]．现代化工，21(6)，2001，47～52
[22] 郝醒华，刘继凤，陈云伟．氨氮水处理技术研究[J]．黑龙江大学自然科学学报，18(1)，2001，95～98
[23] 何卿，李峰．高浓度氨氮废水处理试验[J]．江苏环境科技，12(4)，1999，12～14
[24] 李才辉，冯晓西，乌锡康．MAP法处理氨氮废水最佳条件的研究[J]．化学世界，S1．2002，66～70
[25] 钟理，詹怀宇，D．O．Hill．化学沉淀法除去废水中的氨氮及其反应的探讨[J]．重庆环境科学，22(6)，2000，54～59
[26] 刘刚，丁雪红，秦朝远．化学沉淀法处理氨氮废水技术[J]．环境科学与技术，26(5)，1998，43～47
[27] 方建章，黄少斌．化学沉淀法去除水中氨氮试验研究[J]．环境科学与技术，22(5)，2002，34～37
[28] ChungY-C,SonD-H,AhnDH.WaterScienceandTechnology[J],42(5-6): 127-134.
[29] DaeHeeSon,DongWookKim,YunChulChung.Biotechnol.Lett[J],2000,22(1):35-38.
[30] 赵庆良，李湘中．化学沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮[J]．环境科学，26(5)，1999，51～54
[31] 汪超，冯晓西，顾印玉，乌锡康．沸石在废水脱氨氮中的应用：(Ⅰ)沸石离子交换脱氨氮[J]．化学世界，S1，2002，60～63
[32] 汪超．冯晓西．顾印玉．乌锡康．沸石在废水脱氨氮中的应用：(Ⅱ)沸石生化结合脱氨氮[J]．化学世界，S1，2002，63～66
[33] WildererPA,ArnzP, ArnoldE.WaterAirandSoilPollution[J],2000,123(1): 147-158.
[34] 肖举强．沸石去除污水中氨氮的研究[J]．兰州铁道学院学报，21(1)，2002，87～90
[35] 张晓丽，温俨，武果香，杨增荣．沸石去除废水中氨氮的实验研究[J]．科技情报开发与经济，19(1)，1999，14～16