呼伦湖氮磷的地球化学特征
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摘要
呼伦湖地处温带半干旱大陆性气候高纬度地区,是亚洲中部干旱地区最大的淡水湖,已列入国际重点湿地名录并被联合国教科文组织接纳为世界生物圈保护区,不仅是我国东北部重要淡水渔业水域,也是我国东北部以保护草原生态、湿地系统和珍稀濒危鸟类为主的最大的综合性自然保护区。呼伦湖湿地与大兴安岭森林共同构筑了我国东北乃至华北的生态屏障。
本文以呼伦湖为研究对象,开展了对呼伦湖上覆水和沉积物中氮、磷等生源要素的环境地球化学行为研究,为评价和防治呼伦湖富营养化积累基础数据,也为内蒙古自治区湖泊湿地资源的合理开发与保护利用提供科学依据。本研究取得了如下主要认识：
1.确定了呼伦湖上覆水-沉积物系统中氮、磷空间分布特征及赋存形态,并初步判定了该湖富营养化的限制因子。
2.利用TOC/TN值,初步判识了呼伦湖沉积物中有机质的主要来源。
3.研究得出沉积物中氮、磷的主导形态为有机氮和碎屑钙磷。
4.借助沉积物有机指数法及沉积物、上覆水质量评价标准评价了呼伦湖的污染状况。结果表明,呼伦湖上覆水中,TP和TN均为Ⅴ级污染；表层沉积物中,有机污染较为严重(Ⅳ级),TP和TN含量均明显高于最低级别的生态毒性效应标准值。
Hulun Lake is located in semi-arid temperate zone and continental climate with high latitudes, which is the largest freshwater lake in the central of arid region in Asia; it has been included in the List of emphasis of wetlands in international and accepted as World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. It is not only the important fishery of freshwater waters, also the largest comprehensive nature reserves mainly to protect the grassland, wetland systems and rare endangered birds in northeastern China. Hulun wetlands and Daxinganling forest build the ecological barrier of northeast even north in China together. So, it has occupies an extremely important position to examine the eutrophication.
This study was carried out on the geochemical behavior of nitrogen, phosphorus and other biogenic elements in the overlying water and sediment of Hulun Lake, which is the shallow lake in arid areas within the Mongolian Plateau. Revealed the status of Hulun eutrophication, which as a reference to control the lake being eutrophication. The results are described as follows:
1. The study suggests that the distribution characteristics and existing forms of nitrogen phosphorus in the overlying water and sediments of Hulun lake, indicating the phosphorus is a limited factor in eutrophication.
2. The typical sources of organic matter in surface sediment of Hunlun Lake was Judging by TOC/TN.
3. The study suggests that the organic nitrogen is the main exiting form of nitrogen, while the De-P is the main exiting form of phosphous in sediments of Hulun Lake.
4. According to the organic index and the environment quality appraise criterion of nutrition, the TP and TN contamination in the overlying water of Hulun Lake has achieved to level V, and the organic contamination inn the surface sediments has achieved to level IV. The content of TN and TP in the surface sediments of Hulun Lake is obvious higher than the lowest environment quality appraise criterion of nutrition made by ONT.
本文以呼伦湖为研究对象,开展了对呼伦湖上覆水和沉积物中氮、磷等生源要素的环境地球化学行为研究,为评价和防治呼伦湖富营养化积累基础数据,也为内蒙古自治区湖泊湿地资源的合理开发与保护利用提供科学依据。本研究取得了如下主要认识：
1.确定了呼伦湖上覆水-沉积物系统中氮、磷空间分布特征及赋存形态,并初步判定了该湖富营养化的限制因子。
2.利用TOC/TN值,初步判识了呼伦湖沉积物中有机质的主要来源。
3.研究得出沉积物中氮、磷的主导形态为有机氮和碎屑钙磷。
4.借助沉积物有机指数法及沉积物、上覆水质量评价标准评价了呼伦湖的污染状况。结果表明,呼伦湖上覆水中,TP和TN均为Ⅴ级污染；表层沉积物中,有机污染较为严重(Ⅳ级),TP和TN含量均明显高于最低级别的生态毒性效应标准值。
Hulun Lake is located in semi-arid temperate zone and continental climate with high latitudes, which is the largest freshwater lake in the central of arid region in Asia; it has been included in the List of emphasis of wetlands in international and accepted as World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. It is not only the important fishery of freshwater waters, also the largest comprehensive nature reserves mainly to protect the grassland, wetland systems and rare endangered birds in northeastern China. Hulun wetlands and Daxinganling forest build the ecological barrier of northeast even north in China together. So, it has occupies an extremely important position to examine the eutrophication.
This study was carried out on the geochemical behavior of nitrogen, phosphorus and other biogenic elements in the overlying water and sediment of Hulun Lake, which is the shallow lake in arid areas within the Mongolian Plateau. Revealed the status of Hulun eutrophication, which as a reference to control the lake being eutrophication. The results are described as follows:
1. The study suggests that the distribution characteristics and existing forms of nitrogen phosphorus in the overlying water and sediments of Hulun lake, indicating the phosphorus is a limited factor in eutrophication.
2. The typical sources of organic matter in surface sediment of Hunlun Lake was Judging by TOC/TN.
3. The study suggests that the organic nitrogen is the main exiting form of nitrogen, while the De-P is the main exiting form of phosphous in sediments of Hulun Lake.
4. According to the organic index and the environment quality appraise criterion of nutrition, the TP and TN contamination in the overlying water of Hulun Lake has achieved to level V, and the organic contamination inn the surface sediments has achieved to level IV. The content of TN and TP in the surface sediments of Hulun Lake is obvious higher than the lowest environment quality appraise criterion of nutrition made by ONT.
引文
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