灌溉水中苯类物质对农作物毒性效应及污染行为研究
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摘要
工业用水，生活用水及水资源不合理开发利用与浪费，使废水排放量逐年增长，导致可利用的水资源短缺，从而制约着农业生产的发展。本文正是基于当前利用污水灌溉农田的背景，以及灌溉水中含有多种多样的有毒有机污染物及其对人体健康和生态环境造成危害的前提，利用水培试验、盆栽试验、小区试验和土柱淋溶试验研究灌溉水中苯类物质(甲苯、二甲苯、异丙苯、硝基苯和氯苯)对农作物毒性效应及污染行为。探讨了灌溉水中不同浓度的苯类物质对小麦种子的发芽率、出苗率、小麦幼苗生长及生理生化指标(叶绿素含量，过氧化物酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性以及膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量)、油菜产量和营养品质(维生素C、氨基酸和糖酸比)、小麦产量和营养品质(蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉)的影响规律。研究发现苯类物质对农作物的生物学毒性同浓度有关，不同的苯类物质对农作物的毒害阈值不同；农作物和土壤中均未有苯类物质残留。同时研究了一定浓度(5mg/L)的苯类物质对地下水的影响，发现该浓度的苯类物质对地下水未造成污染威胁。
本文在国内外首次系统地研究了有毒有机苯类污染物对农作物的毒性效应和污染行为，为制定苯类物质的农田灌溉水质标准，合理利用污水灌溉农田提供了一定的科学依据，为农产品的安全生产提供科学保障。研究方法上突破了传统的生物学毒性(根伸长试验，种子发芽试验和早期植物幼苗生长试验)，将作物的产量和品质、对土壤和地下水的影响也作为苯类物质毒性试验的指标，从而更科学的评价污染物的毒性效应和污染行为。
Organic pollution in water environment is important domain to research about environment protection over the world and it has threatened the healthy of people and the ecological balance. Industry and life using water, unreasonable development and utilization of water resource have resulted in lacking of water resource that limits the development of agriculture.
Toxicological effects to crops and pollution behavior of benzene homologs and derivates in irrigation water were studied with water'cultivation experiment, pot experiments, plot experiment and leaching experiment at the background of diversities and toxicities of poisonous organic benzene homologs and derivates pollutants in sewage irrigation. Effects of benzene homologs and derivates in irrigation water on germination and seedling rates of wheat, biological characters of seedling growth in wheat(chlorophyll contents, activities of peroxidase and catalase, malondialdehyde contents), yields and qualities characters of Chinese rape (Vc contents, amino acid contents, and ratio of sugar and acid ), yields and qualities characters of wheat ( protein contents, soluble sugar contents and starch contents ) were studied. The results showed that toxicological effects to crops were related to concentration of benzene homologs and derivates. A toxicity threshold to crop was different witli benzene homologs and derivates and there are no residues in crop and soil. The result also indicated that the concentrations of benzene homologs and derivates that are less than 5mg/L are harmless to groundwater.
Much experiment and theoretical analysis was carried out in this study. Rules of toxicological effects to crops and pollution behavior of benzene homologs and derivates in irrigation water have appeared, which can guide the establishment of benzene homologs and derivates standards for irrigation water quality .The issue can be referenced when studying on food safety and operation safety of agricultural product based on the batch experiments and theoretical analysis. This study also has a break through in research method that yields and qualities of crops and effects on soil and ground water as well as root elongation, germination and seedling growth are all toxicity indexes and can evaluate toxicological effects to crops and pollution behavior of benzene homologs and derivates in irrigation water scientificly.
本文在国内外首次系统地研究了有毒有机苯类污染物对农作物的毒性效应和污染行为，为制定苯类物质的农田灌溉水质标准，合理利用污水灌溉农田提供了一定的科学依据，为农产品的安全生产提供科学保障。研究方法上突破了传统的生物学毒性(根伸长试验，种子发芽试验和早期植物幼苗生长试验)，将作物的产量和品质、对土壤和地下水的影响也作为苯类物质毒性试验的指标，从而更科学的评价污染物的毒性效应和污染行为。
Organic pollution in water environment is important domain to research about environment protection over the world and it has threatened the healthy of people and the ecological balance. Industry and life using water, unreasonable development and utilization of water resource have resulted in lacking of water resource that limits the development of agriculture.
Toxicological effects to crops and pollution behavior of benzene homologs and derivates in irrigation water were studied with water'cultivation experiment, pot experiments, plot experiment and leaching experiment at the background of diversities and toxicities of poisonous organic benzene homologs and derivates pollutants in sewage irrigation. Effects of benzene homologs and derivates in irrigation water on germination and seedling rates of wheat, biological characters of seedling growth in wheat(chlorophyll contents, activities of peroxidase and catalase, malondialdehyde contents), yields and qualities characters of Chinese rape (Vc contents, amino acid contents, and ratio of sugar and acid ), yields and qualities characters of wheat ( protein contents, soluble sugar contents and starch contents ) were studied. The results showed that toxicological effects to crops were related to concentration of benzene homologs and derivates. A toxicity threshold to crop was different witli benzene homologs and derivates and there are no residues in crop and soil. The result also indicated that the concentrations of benzene homologs and derivates that are less than 5mg/L are harmless to groundwater.
Much experiment and theoretical analysis was carried out in this study. Rules of toxicological effects to crops and pollution behavior of benzene homologs and derivates in irrigation water have appeared, which can guide the establishment of benzene homologs and derivates standards for irrigation water quality .The issue can be referenced when studying on food safety and operation safety of agricultural product based on the batch experiments and theoretical analysis. This study also has a break through in research method that yields and qualities of crops and effects on soil and ground water as well as root elongation, germination and seedling growth are all toxicity indexes and can evaluate toxicological effects to crops and pollution behavior of benzene homologs and derivates in irrigation water scientificly.
引文
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