分光光度法研究二过碘酸合镍（IV）配合物氧化有机物动力学及机理
|
摘要
前人在对金属镍的超常氧化态氧化简单有机化合物的研究中，提出了配合物是以质子化程度高的配离子[Ni(OH)_2(H_3IO_6)_2]~(2-)的形式存在，反应中发生解离平衡后作为活化中心与还原剂形成中间络合物，再进行电子转移的反应机理。
本文采用分光光度法研究了碱性介质中二羟基二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)配离子氧化邻位带有活性基团的醇类和氨基酸的动力学及机理。提出了在这类反应中是以质子化程度低的配离子[Ni(OH)_2(H_2IO_6)]~-作为活化中心与还原剂形成活化络合物中间体，而后进行内部双电子转移的反应机理。通过研究发现：被氧化基团本身的性质影响反应速度，即氨基的反应速度要大于醇羟基的反应速度。同时被氧化基团邻位的活性基团不同会直接影响配合物和有机物形成活化络合物中间体的能力，在氧化系列氨基酸(氨基乙酸、氨基丙酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸)中，随着邻位基团的空间位阻加大，形成中间体的能力减弱，反应速度就减小，进而影响到各种动力学性质。通过假设提出的反应机理，很好的解释了实验现象，求得了不同温度下的速率常数k及25℃时的活化参数。以上体系的研究对配合物以低质子化的形式存在的假设得到了验证，有力的否定了前人认为的存在形式。本文的探讨和研究为有机合成的路线设计和分析化学的定量分析提供一定的理论依据。
The studies of oxidation of some simple organic compounds by tetravalent nickel complex in previous works, the view that the complex existed form is [Ni(OH)2(H3IO6)2]2- was proposed. The complex was dissociated in the process of reaction, then it regarded as the active species and produced adduct with reductant. At last, the reaction was completed through electron-transfer.
The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of alcohols with an ortho group and a series of amino acids by dihydroxydiperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in alkaline medium through spectrophotometric method were investigated. Furthermore, the two-electron transfer mechanism of deprotonated complexes [Ni(OH)2(H2IO6)]- as the active species was proposed. Through the studies, the oxidized group itself would affect the reaction rate, namely, the rate of -NH3 is larger than that of -ROH. In addition, the different ortho group of oxidized group also affect the ability to the formation of the adduct between the active species and the organic compound, like the oxidation of some series of amino acids, the larger the spatial hindrance of ortho group is, the slower the reaction rate is, which further affect the various kinetic characterization. The mechanism with the basis of experimental observation could explain well the reaction process, meanwhile, the rate constants and activation parameters were obtained at different temperatures. Based on the above description of reaction systems, the hypothesis that complex was existed as the deprotonated form was supported by experimental results, which greatly denied the existed form of previous works. The present discuss and study will provide certain theoretical foundation for the reaction route design of the organic synthesis and quantitative analysis of analytical chemistry.
本文采用分光光度法研究了碱性介质中二羟基二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)配离子氧化邻位带有活性基团的醇类和氨基酸的动力学及机理。提出了在这类反应中是以质子化程度低的配离子[Ni(OH)_2(H_2IO_6)]~-作为活化中心与还原剂形成活化络合物中间体，而后进行内部双电子转移的反应机理。通过研究发现：被氧化基团本身的性质影响反应速度，即氨基的反应速度要大于醇羟基的反应速度。同时被氧化基团邻位的活性基团不同会直接影响配合物和有机物形成活化络合物中间体的能力，在氧化系列氨基酸(氨基乙酸、氨基丙酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸)中，随着邻位基团的空间位阻加大，形成中间体的能力减弱，反应速度就减小，进而影响到各种动力学性质。通过假设提出的反应机理，很好的解释了实验现象，求得了不同温度下的速率常数k及25℃时的活化参数。以上体系的研究对配合物以低质子化的形式存在的假设得到了验证，有力的否定了前人认为的存在形式。本文的探讨和研究为有机合成的路线设计和分析化学的定量分析提供一定的理论依据。
The studies of oxidation of some simple organic compounds by tetravalent nickel complex in previous works, the view that the complex existed form is [Ni(OH)2(H3IO6)2]2- was proposed. The complex was dissociated in the process of reaction, then it regarded as the active species and produced adduct with reductant. At last, the reaction was completed through electron-transfer.
The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of alcohols with an ortho group and a series of amino acids by dihydroxydiperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in alkaline medium through spectrophotometric method were investigated. Furthermore, the two-electron transfer mechanism of deprotonated complexes [Ni(OH)2(H2IO6)]- as the active species was proposed. Through the studies, the oxidized group itself would affect the reaction rate, namely, the rate of -NH3 is larger than that of -ROH. In addition, the different ortho group of oxidized group also affect the ability to the formation of the adduct between the active species and the organic compound, like the oxidation of some series of amino acids, the larger the spatial hindrance of ortho group is, the slower the reaction rate is, which further affect the various kinetic characterization. The mechanism with the basis of experimental observation could explain well the reaction process, meanwhile, the rate constants and activation parameters were obtained at different temperatures. Based on the above description of reaction systems, the hypothesis that complex was existed as the deprotonated form was supported by experimental results, which greatly denied the existed form of previous works. The present discuss and study will provide certain theoretical foundation for the reaction route design of the organic synthesis and quantitative analysis of analytical chemistry.
引文
1. L. Malaprade. Crystalline cupriperiodates. Compt. Rend., 1937, 204: 979～980.
2. L. Helmhottz. The crystal structure of ammonium trihydrogen paraperiodate. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59: 2036～2039.
3. P. Ray, B. Sarma. Magnetochemical studies in valency Ⅳ tetrapositive nickel as alkali nickel periodates. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 1948, 25: 205～208.
4. P. Ray. Sodium and potassium nickel() paraperiodates. Inorganic Syntheses, 1957: 201～204.
5. L.C.W. Baker, H.G. Mukherjee, S.B. Sarkar & B.K. Choudhury Synthesis & characterization of lithium hexaorthoperiodatonickerlate(Ⅳ) Indian J. Chem., 1982, 21A(6):618～619.
6. H.G. Mukherjee, Bansidhar Mandal & Shyamali De Preparation & studies of the complex periodatoferrate(Ⅵ) hexahydrate & periodatonickelate(Ⅳ) monohydrate Indian J. Chem., 1984, 23A(5): 426～428.
7．吴明姆，苏锵，胡宁海，任玉芳 水合二高碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)酸钠钾配合物的合成、结构和光谱性质．无机化学学报，1993，9(1)：48～52。
8．吴明姆，苏锵，胡宁海，任玉芳 水合二高碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)氢钠配合物的合成、结构和紫外吸收光谱．应用化学，1992，9(5)：65～69。
9. Jaiswal P K, Yadava K L. Silver (Ⅲ) as an oxidative titrant Determination of some sugars, carboxylic acids and inorganic ions.Talanta, 1970,17:236～238.
10. Jaiswal P K, Yadava K L. Determination of Sugars & Organic Acids with Periodato Complex of Cu(Ⅲ). Indian J. Chem. 1973, 11:837～838.
11. Chandra S, Yadava K L. Oxidation of some sugars with copper (Ⅲ). Talanta, 1968,15:349～352.
12. Mohanty J.G., Singh R.P. & Chakraverty A. Chemistry of tetravalent nickel and related species 1: 6-manganese coordination octahedra generated from hexadentatc oxime iigands. Inorg. Chem., 1975, 14: 2178～2183.
13. Mohanty J.G. & Chakr.averty A. Chemistry of tetravalent nickel and related
species 2: cyclic voltammetry of oxidation-reduction equilibriums involving protons Inorg. Chem., 1976, 15: 2912～2916.
14. Wang A.Z., Li F.M., Li Z.T., Ding T.H. & Shan J.H. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of glycol by dihydroxydiperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) complex in aqueous alkaline medium. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 1992, 8: 432～438.
15. Li Z.T., Wang F.L. & Wang A.Z. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of tetrahydrofuryl alcohol by dihydroxydiperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) complex in aqueous alkaline medium, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1992, 24: 933～941.
16．鲁越青，陈平，钮渭钧，胡科诚 碱性介质中二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)氧化乳酸的反应动力学．成都理工学院学报，1998，25(3)：462～466。
17. M. Afzal Ali Siddiqui, Jaffer Ali Khan & Sushama Kandlikar Kinetic and mechanic study of oxidation of benzaldoximes by tetravalent nickel in alkaline medium. Indian J. Chem., 1993, 32A(2): 174～176.
18．谢恩海，孟庆水，王之朴 二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)氧化酒石酸钠的反应动力学．物理化学学报，1992，8(4)：500～504。
19. Bhattacharya Santanu, Dutta Amidtara, Banerjee Prydyot. Oxidation of thiourea and its N-subsituted derivatives by a nickel(Ⅳ) oxime-imine complex in aqueous perchlorate medium. Acta. Chem. Scand., 1997, 51 (6/7): 676～682.
20. Dutta Amitara, Saha Basudeb, Ali Mahammed, Banerjee Pradyot. Kinetics of the oxidation of thioglycolic and thiomalic acids by a nickel(Ⅳ) oxime-imine complex. J. Chem. Res. Synop., 1997(6): 186～187.
21. Santanu Bhattacharya & Pradyot Banerjee Kinetic studies on the electron transfer between azide and Ni(Ⅳ) oxime imine complexes in aqueous solution. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1996, 69: 3475～3482.
22. Santanu Bhattacharya, Mahammad Ali, Sumana Gangopadhyay & Pradyot Banerjee Electron transfer from thiosulfate to Ni (Ⅳ) oxime imine complexes in aqueous solution. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1996:2645～2651.
23. M. Afzal Ali Siddiqui, Chsudheer Kumar, U. Chandriah & Sushama Kandlikar Kinetics of oxidation of acetophenones by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in the
presence and absence of Os(Ⅷ). Indian J. Chem., 1991, 30A(10): 849～854.
24. G. H. Hugar & S. T. Nandibewoor Kinetics of oxidation of dimethylformamide by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous alkaline medium. Indian J. Chem., 1993, 32A(12): 1056～1059.
25. C. W. Tuwar, S. T. Nandibewoor & J. R. Raju Oxidation of allyl alcohol by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous alkaline medium. Indian Chem. Soc., 1992, 69(10): 651～653.
26. Kembhavi Md., Saleem R., Panari, Rafeek G. & Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. Oxidation of L(+)-aspartic acid by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous alkaline medium—a kinetic study. J. Saudi. Chem. Soc., 1999, 3(2): 121～127.
27．刘盈海，商亚娟，李卫平，邓李林 二羟基二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)氧化还原引发聚合反应动力学研究．高分子学报，2000(2)：235～238。
28．罗勤慧，沈梦长等编著。配位化学 南京：江苏科学技术出版社 1987。
29. Shan Jin-huan, Wei Hai-ying, Wang Li etc. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of some amino acids by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous medium. Indian J. Chem., 2001, 40A(8): 865～869.
30. Niu W. J., Zhu Y., Hu K. C., Tong C. L. & Yong H. S., Kinetics of oxidation of SCN by diperiodatocuprate(Ⅲ)(DPC) in alkaline medium. Int. J. chem.. Kinet., 1996, 28: 899～904.
31．石铁生 过渡金属的超常氧化态研究Ⅰ—碱性介质中二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)配离子氧化硫氰酸钾的动力学及机理，中国科学(B辑)，1990，33：471～479。
32. Chandraiah U., Murthy C. P.& Sushama Kandlikar, Kinetics of oxidatibn of lactic, mandelic & glycollic acids, by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in alkaline medium. Indian J. Chem., 1989, 28A: 162～164.
33. Hallihudi N. N., Desai S. M. & Nandibewoor S. T., A kinetic study of oxidation of 1,4-dioxane by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous alkaline medium. Int. J. chem.. Kinet., 1999, 31 : 789～796.
34．李志庭，常青，李宝文，杨利庭，王安周 碱性介质中二羟基二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)配离子氧化乙二胺的动力学及机理．高等学校化学学报，2000，21：747～751。
35. Baker L.C.W., Mukherjee H.G., Sarkar S.B.,et al.. Synthesis & characterisation of lithium hexaorth periodatonickelate(Ⅳ). Indian J. Chem., 1982, 21 A: 618～619.
36. Murthy C.P., Sethuram B., Rao T.. Oxidation by tetravalent nickel part Ⅰ: kinetics of electron transfer from some aliphatic alcohols to Ni(Ⅳ) in aqueoous alkaline media. Z. Phys. Chem.(Leipzig), 1986, 287: 1212～1218.
37. Feigl F., Spot Tests in Organic Analysis, New York: Elsevier Publishing Co.. 1956: 208.
38. AVESTON J., Hydrolysis of potassium periodate: ultracentrifugation, potentiometric titration and raman spectra., J. Chem. Soc.(A), 1969, 273～275.
39. CROUTHAMEL C. E., MEEK H. V.. MARTIN D. S., et al. Spectrophotometric studies of dilute aqueous periodate solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71:3031～3035; CROUTHAMEL C. E., HAYES A. M., MARTIN D. S., Ionization and.hydration equilibrium of periodate acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73:82～87.
40．全家骏，液相化学反应动力学原理，上海：科学技术出版社，1984：29。
41．单余缓，刘铁英．二(N，N-二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸)烷基黄原酸合钴(Ⅲ)与二丙胺和二丁胺反应的动力学．化学学报，1994，52：1140～1144。
42．杨利庭，常青，王逢利，王安周 二羟基二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)氧化氨基丙酸的动力学．物理化学学报，1994，10：297～302。
43．单金缓，刘宝生，张惠丽，申世刚。分光光度法研究二过碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)氧化丙酮酸钾的动力学．河北省科学院学报，1999，16(3)：6～9。
44．梁之彦．生理化学(上册)，上海：科学技术出版社，1985。
45. Jaya P., Rao P.,Sethuram B., Rao T.N. Kinetics of oxidative deamination of some amino acids by diperiodatoargentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 1985, 29(1): 289～296.
46．单余缓，王莉，申世刚，孙汉文 碱性介质中二(碲酸根)合铜(Ⅲ)酸根氧化乙二醇独甲醚的动力学及机理．无机化学学报，2000，16(6)：888～892。
47．单金缓，郄禄江，郭新双．碱性介质中二过碲酸合铜(Ⅲ)氧化乙二醇的反应动力学及机理．化学学报，1997，55：458～462。
48. Shan Jin-huan, Wang Li, Shen Shi-gang, Sun Han-wen. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of glycol by dihydroxyditelluratoargenate(Ⅲ) by spectrophotometry. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities. 2000, 16(3): 218～222.
49．赵学庄，罗渝然等．化学反应动力举(下册)。北京：高等教育出版社(第一版)，1990，P819。
2. L. Helmhottz. The crystal structure of ammonium trihydrogen paraperiodate. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1937, 59: 2036～2039.
3. P. Ray, B. Sarma. Magnetochemical studies in valency Ⅳ tetrapositive nickel as alkali nickel periodates. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 1948, 25: 205～208.
4. P. Ray. Sodium and potassium nickel() paraperiodates. Inorganic Syntheses, 1957: 201～204.
5. L.C.W. Baker, H.G. Mukherjee, S.B. Sarkar & B.K. Choudhury Synthesis & characterization of lithium hexaorthoperiodatonickerlate(Ⅳ) Indian J. Chem., 1982, 21A(6):618～619.
6. H.G. Mukherjee, Bansidhar Mandal & Shyamali De Preparation & studies of the complex periodatoferrate(Ⅵ) hexahydrate & periodatonickelate(Ⅳ) monohydrate Indian J. Chem., 1984, 23A(5): 426～428.
7．吴明姆，苏锵，胡宁海，任玉芳 水合二高碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)酸钠钾配合物的合成、结构和光谱性质．无机化学学报，1993，9(1)：48～52。
8．吴明姆，苏锵，胡宁海，任玉芳 水合二高碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)氢钠配合物的合成、结构和紫外吸收光谱．应用化学，1992，9(5)：65～69。
9. Jaiswal P K, Yadava K L. Silver (Ⅲ) as an oxidative titrant Determination of some sugars, carboxylic acids and inorganic ions.Talanta, 1970,17:236～238.
10. Jaiswal P K, Yadava K L. Determination of Sugars & Organic Acids with Periodato Complex of Cu(Ⅲ). Indian J. Chem. 1973, 11:837～838.
11. Chandra S, Yadava K L. Oxidation of some sugars with copper (Ⅲ). Talanta, 1968,15:349～352.
12. Mohanty J.G., Singh R.P. & Chakraverty A. Chemistry of tetravalent nickel and related species 1: 6-manganese coordination octahedra generated from hexadentatc oxime iigands. Inorg. Chem., 1975, 14: 2178～2183.
13. Mohanty J.G. & Chakr.averty A. Chemistry of tetravalent nickel and related
species 2: cyclic voltammetry of oxidation-reduction equilibriums involving protons Inorg. Chem., 1976, 15: 2912～2916.
14. Wang A.Z., Li F.M., Li Z.T., Ding T.H. & Shan J.H. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of glycol by dihydroxydiperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) complex in aqueous alkaline medium. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities, 1992, 8: 432～438.
15. Li Z.T., Wang F.L. & Wang A.Z. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of tetrahydrofuryl alcohol by dihydroxydiperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) complex in aqueous alkaline medium, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 1992, 24: 933～941.
16．鲁越青，陈平，钮渭钧，胡科诚 碱性介质中二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)氧化乳酸的反应动力学．成都理工学院学报，1998，25(3)：462～466。
17. M. Afzal Ali Siddiqui, Jaffer Ali Khan & Sushama Kandlikar Kinetic and mechanic study of oxidation of benzaldoximes by tetravalent nickel in alkaline medium. Indian J. Chem., 1993, 32A(2): 174～176.
18．谢恩海，孟庆水，王之朴 二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)氧化酒石酸钠的反应动力学．物理化学学报，1992，8(4)：500～504。
19. Bhattacharya Santanu, Dutta Amidtara, Banerjee Prydyot. Oxidation of thiourea and its N-subsituted derivatives by a nickel(Ⅳ) oxime-imine complex in aqueous perchlorate medium. Acta. Chem. Scand., 1997, 51 (6/7): 676～682.
20. Dutta Amitara, Saha Basudeb, Ali Mahammed, Banerjee Pradyot. Kinetics of the oxidation of thioglycolic and thiomalic acids by a nickel(Ⅳ) oxime-imine complex. J. Chem. Res. Synop., 1997(6): 186～187.
21. Santanu Bhattacharya & Pradyot Banerjee Kinetic studies on the electron transfer between azide and Ni(Ⅳ) oxime imine complexes in aqueous solution. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1996, 69: 3475～3482.
22. Santanu Bhattacharya, Mahammad Ali, Sumana Gangopadhyay & Pradyot Banerjee Electron transfer from thiosulfate to Ni (Ⅳ) oxime imine complexes in aqueous solution. J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans., 1996:2645～2651.
23. M. Afzal Ali Siddiqui, Chsudheer Kumar, U. Chandriah & Sushama Kandlikar Kinetics of oxidation of acetophenones by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in the
presence and absence of Os(Ⅷ). Indian J. Chem., 1991, 30A(10): 849～854.
24. G. H. Hugar & S. T. Nandibewoor Kinetics of oxidation of dimethylformamide by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous alkaline medium. Indian J. Chem., 1993, 32A(12): 1056～1059.
25. C. W. Tuwar, S. T. Nandibewoor & J. R. Raju Oxidation of allyl alcohol by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous alkaline medium. Indian Chem. Soc., 1992, 69(10): 651～653.
26. Kembhavi Md., Saleem R., Panari, Rafeek G. & Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. Oxidation of L(+)-aspartic acid by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous alkaline medium—a kinetic study. J. Saudi. Chem. Soc., 1999, 3(2): 121～127.
27．刘盈海，商亚娟，李卫平，邓李林 二羟基二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)氧化还原引发聚合反应动力学研究．高分子学报，2000(2)：235～238。
28．罗勤慧，沈梦长等编著。配位化学 南京：江苏科学技术出版社 1987。
29. Shan Jin-huan, Wei Hai-ying, Wang Li etc. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of some amino acids by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous medium. Indian J. Chem., 2001, 40A(8): 865～869.
30. Niu W. J., Zhu Y., Hu K. C., Tong C. L. & Yong H. S., Kinetics of oxidation of SCN by diperiodatocuprate(Ⅲ)(DPC) in alkaline medium. Int. J. chem.. Kinet., 1996, 28: 899～904.
31．石铁生 过渡金属的超常氧化态研究Ⅰ—碱性介质中二过碘酸合银(Ⅲ)配离子氧化硫氰酸钾的动力学及机理，中国科学(B辑)，1990，33：471～479。
32. Chandraiah U., Murthy C. P.& Sushama Kandlikar, Kinetics of oxidatibn of lactic, mandelic & glycollic acids, by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in alkaline medium. Indian J. Chem., 1989, 28A: 162～164.
33. Hallihudi N. N., Desai S. M. & Nandibewoor S. T., A kinetic study of oxidation of 1,4-dioxane by diperiodatonickelate(Ⅳ) in aqueous alkaline medium. Int. J. chem.. Kinet., 1999, 31 : 789～796.
34．李志庭，常青，李宝文，杨利庭，王安周 碱性介质中二羟基二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)配离子氧化乙二胺的动力学及机理．高等学校化学学报，2000，21：747～751。
35. Baker L.C.W., Mukherjee H.G., Sarkar S.B.,et al.. Synthesis & characterisation of lithium hexaorth periodatonickelate(Ⅳ). Indian J. Chem., 1982, 21 A: 618～619.
36. Murthy C.P., Sethuram B., Rao T.. Oxidation by tetravalent nickel part Ⅰ: kinetics of electron transfer from some aliphatic alcohols to Ni(Ⅳ) in aqueoous alkaline media. Z. Phys. Chem.(Leipzig), 1986, 287: 1212～1218.
37. Feigl F., Spot Tests in Organic Analysis, New York: Elsevier Publishing Co.. 1956: 208.
38. AVESTON J., Hydrolysis of potassium periodate: ultracentrifugation, potentiometric titration and raman spectra., J. Chem. Soc.(A), 1969, 273～275.
39. CROUTHAMEL C. E., MEEK H. V.. MARTIN D. S., et al. Spectrophotometric studies of dilute aqueous periodate solutions. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1949, 71:3031～3035; CROUTHAMEL C. E., HAYES A. M., MARTIN D. S., Ionization and.hydration equilibrium of periodate acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, 73:82～87.
40．全家骏，液相化学反应动力学原理，上海：科学技术出版社，1984：29。
41．单余缓，刘铁英．二(N，N-二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸)烷基黄原酸合钴(Ⅲ)与二丙胺和二丁胺反应的动力学．化学学报，1994，52：1140～1144。
42．杨利庭，常青，王逢利，王安周 二羟基二过碘酸合镍(Ⅳ)氧化氨基丙酸的动力学．物理化学学报，1994，10：297～302。
43．单金缓，刘宝生，张惠丽，申世刚。分光光度法研究二过碘酸合铜(Ⅲ)氧化丙酮酸钾的动力学．河北省科学院学报，1999，16(3)：6～9。
44．梁之彦．生理化学(上册)，上海：科学技术出版社，1985。
45. Jaya P., Rao P.,Sethuram B., Rao T.N. Kinetics of oxidative deamination of some amino acids by diperiodatoargentate(Ⅲ) in alkaline medium. React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 1985, 29(1): 289～296.
46．单余缓，王莉，申世刚，孙汉文 碱性介质中二(碲酸根)合铜(Ⅲ)酸根氧化乙二醇独甲醚的动力学及机理．无机化学学报，2000，16(6)：888～892。
47．单金缓，郄禄江，郭新双．碱性介质中二过碲酸合铜(Ⅲ)氧化乙二醇的反应动力学及机理．化学学报，1997，55：458～462。
48. Shan Jin-huan, Wang Li, Shen Shi-gang, Sun Han-wen. Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of glycol by dihydroxyditelluratoargenate(Ⅲ) by spectrophotometry. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities. 2000, 16(3): 218～222.
49．赵学庄，罗渝然等．化学反应动力举(下册)。北京：高等教育出版社(第一版)，1990，P819。