城市生活排水单位污染负荷研究
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摘要
随着工业化和城镇化的发展,工业废水、生活污水的大量排放,河流等水体的污染日益严重。借助点源污染负荷和水体水质之间的响应关系建立水质模型,是研究河流等水体的水污染特性、水环境容量及进行流域水环境污染控制的重要方法。而作为水质模型的主要输入数据,污染负荷的确定是至关重要的,其精确度决定了水质模型输出结果的可靠性及适用性。
城市生活排水的污染负荷是影响河流水体水质的主要点源负荷,通常是按照单位污染负荷及排水人数确定其负荷大小。因此有必要根据城市生活排水的水质及水量监测结果确定合理、精确、适合研究区域的城市生活排水单位污染负荷,以提高水质模型的模拟精度。
西安市是我国西部地区的经济、政治、文化中心,具有重要的战略地位。渭河是流经西安市的主要河流,也是接纳其工业、生活等排水的河流水体。随着工业的发展以及人口的高速增长,渭河年接纳的点源污染负荷日益增加,水体污染逐年加重,水环境质量不断恶化,阻碍了西安市乃至陕西的可持续发展。
本文选取西安建筑科技大学南院某高层住宅楼的一处生活排水为监测地点,对其排水的水质及水量进行监测,借以分析城市生活排水中化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和氨氮(NH_3-N)等主要水质指标及水量的变化规律,研究城市生活排水的污染特性。并根据监测结果分析确定了适合西安的城市生活排水的单位污染负荷,为确定西安市乃至渭河流域的城市生活排水点源污染负荷提供了具有针对性、适用性的基础数据支持,研究结果可以提高针对渭河水体建立的相关水质模型的模拟精度。
With the development of the industrialization and the urbanization ,the increase of the industrial and subsistence waste water ,Water pollution of the river became more and more serious. building the water quality model by zhe responded connection with point source pollution load and water quality is the important way to research the characteristic of water pollution , water environment capacity and pollution control of the drainage area. As the mostly input date, ascertain the pollution load is very important,it's accuracy decides the reliability and applicability of the output date of the water quality model.
The pollution load of the city's subsistence drainage is the mostly point source pollution load which has a infection with the water quality of river,usually we ascertain the date by unit pollution load and the population of the area. So it's necessary to make sure that the date shoud have more precise and more applicable which based on the inspect of water quality and water flux to improve the simulation precision of the water quality model.
Xi'an is the center of economy, seience, technology, nadedueation in the west of China. The Wei river is the chiefly river flow through the city of xi'an and also take up all the industrial and subsistence waste water. With the development of the industrialization and the population increases fastly,the point source pollution load which the Wei river received more and more,the water pollution also became more serious and water quality turn to much worsening,it has affected the sustainable development of the city of xi'an even the province of shan xi.
The text chooses the high-rise house in xi'an university of architecture and technology as the inspect object,have a research to the water quality and water flux to analyse the movement rule of COD,TP,TN and NH3-N, also have a research to the characteristic of water pollution of subsistence drainage. Then we make certain the date of unit pollution load adapt to the city of xi'an by the result which we had researched. The date is pertinency and conformable to the research that make certain the point source pollution load of subsistence drainage in xi'an even all the Wei river drainage area, and it also could improve the simulation precision of the water quality model of Wei river.
城市生活排水的污染负荷是影响河流水体水质的主要点源负荷,通常是按照单位污染负荷及排水人数确定其负荷大小。因此有必要根据城市生活排水的水质及水量监测结果确定合理、精确、适合研究区域的城市生活排水单位污染负荷,以提高水质模型的模拟精度。
西安市是我国西部地区的经济、政治、文化中心,具有重要的战略地位。渭河是流经西安市的主要河流,也是接纳其工业、生活等排水的河流水体。随着工业的发展以及人口的高速增长,渭河年接纳的点源污染负荷日益增加,水体污染逐年加重,水环境质量不断恶化,阻碍了西安市乃至陕西的可持续发展。
本文选取西安建筑科技大学南院某高层住宅楼的一处生活排水为监测地点,对其排水的水质及水量进行监测,借以分析城市生活排水中化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和氨氮(NH_3-N)等主要水质指标及水量的变化规律,研究城市生活排水的污染特性。并根据监测结果分析确定了适合西安的城市生活排水的单位污染负荷,为确定西安市乃至渭河流域的城市生活排水点源污染负荷提供了具有针对性、适用性的基础数据支持,研究结果可以提高针对渭河水体建立的相关水质模型的模拟精度。
With the development of the industrialization and the urbanization ,the increase of the industrial and subsistence waste water ,Water pollution of the river became more and more serious. building the water quality model by zhe responded connection with point source pollution load and water quality is the important way to research the characteristic of water pollution , water environment capacity and pollution control of the drainage area. As the mostly input date, ascertain the pollution load is very important,it's accuracy decides the reliability and applicability of the output date of the water quality model.
The pollution load of the city's subsistence drainage is the mostly point source pollution load which has a infection with the water quality of river,usually we ascertain the date by unit pollution load and the population of the area. So it's necessary to make sure that the date shoud have more precise and more applicable which based on the inspect of water quality and water flux to improve the simulation precision of the water quality model.
Xi'an is the center of economy, seience, technology, nadedueation in the west of China. The Wei river is the chiefly river flow through the city of xi'an and also take up all the industrial and subsistence waste water. With the development of the industrialization and the population increases fastly,the point source pollution load which the Wei river received more and more,the water pollution also became more serious and water quality turn to much worsening,it has affected the sustainable development of the city of xi'an even the province of shan xi.
The text chooses the high-rise house in xi'an university of architecture and technology as the inspect object,have a research to the water quality and water flux to analyse the movement rule of COD,TP,TN and NH3-N, also have a research to the characteristic of water pollution of subsistence drainage. Then we make certain the date of unit pollution load adapt to the city of xi'an by the result which we had researched. The date is pertinency and conformable to the research that make certain the point source pollution load of subsistence drainage in xi'an even all the Wei river drainage area, and it also could improve the simulation precision of the water quality model of Wei river.
引文
[1]邵兰霞.城市化与城市水资源可持续利用研究.东北水利水电,2003,7(7):42-44
[2]叶雯,刘美南.我国城市污水再生利用的现状与对策.中国给水排水,2002.18(12):31-33
[3]马志毅.城市污水回用概述.给水排水,1997,23(12):61-63
[4]武珍明,党志良.西安市污水再生利用与现状.中国给水排水,2003,19(10):38-39
[5]黄庭林.李梅,王晓昌.再生水资源价值理论与价值模型的建立.中国给水排水,2002.18(12):22-24
[6]李秉文等.关于水污染总量控制方法的探讨.东北水利水电.2000,12
[7]邬杨善.我国水环境及水污染控制问题.中国给水排水.1998,5(3):42-45
[8]2006中国环境状况公报,国家环境状况保护总局,2007
[9]王西琴,周孝德渭河流域水资源质量趋势分析西北水资源与水工程1999,10(2):50-54
[10]陈亚萍.渭河陕西段水体污染评价及控制对策研究.西北农林科技大学硕士研究生学位论文,2005,3(3):21-23
[11]樊春贤,西安市水资源可持续利用的探讨.陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院,2003
[12]闫礼.三峡库区污染负荷测算及查询系统.中国科学院研究生院硕士研究论文,2005,2(1):7-8
[13]郭劲松,李胜海,龙腾锐.水质模型及其应用研究进展.重庆建筑大学学报,2002,10(2):19-23
[14]Using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst ESRI(2000 Environmental System Research Institute)
[15]Jennifer Benaman,Modeling of Dissolved Oxygen in the Houston Ship Channel using WASP5 and Geographic Information Systems
[16]Masao Ukita and Hiroshi Nakanishi Pollutant Load Analysis for the Environmental Management of Enclosed Sea in Japan
[17]Brian Howard.The world's water crisis.E:the Environmental Maganize,2003,14(5):32
[18]Mitchell Lewis Blum,Using geographic information systems(GIS)to aid in watershed management and stream restoration
[19]Using ArcCatalo ESRI(2000 Environmental System Research Institute)
[20]F.L.Forray 7 D.K.Hallbauer A study of the pollution of the Aries River (Romania)using capillary electrophoresis as analytical technique Environmental Geology 39(12)November 2000:1372-1384
[21]Tim A.Wool,Robert B.Ambrose,James L.Martin,Edward A.Comer Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program(WASP)Version 6.0 User's Manual
[22]蔡明,李怀恩,刘晓军.非点源污染负荷估算方法研究.人民黄河,2007,29(7):36-37
[23]李彦武,张永良.污染负荷分配计算的方法研究.环境科学研究.1992,5(2):45-48
[24]魏东斌,胡洪营.污水再生回用的水质安全指标体系.中国水排水,2004,20(1):36-39
[25]张忠翔,钱易.城市可持续发展与水污染防治对策.中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[26]王琳,王宝贞.分散式污水处理与回用.化学工业出版社,2003,190-197
[27]章晓东.苏南小城镇水污染状况评价及污染控制对策.南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2005,4(2):21-22
[28]张智,兰凯,白占伟.蓄水后三峡库区重庆段污染负荷与时空分布研究.生态环境,2005,14(2):185-189
[29]陈红军.官厅水库富营养化污染的磷源研究与分析.北京化工大学硕士学位论文,2005:60-63
[30]鄢小虎.湖北省汉江武汉段氮污染源规律及数学模型的研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2005
[31]窦培谦.密云水库上游流域特征与氮磷流失规律关系研究.首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2006:25-41
[32]赵德峰.北京市河湖富营养化成因分析及治理技术的研究.北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2005,2(2):9-10
[33]代玲玲.三峡水库富营养化藻类特征及环境因素影响研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文,2007,1(3):5-6
[34]姬亚东.银川地区地下水质量评价及氮污染成因分析.长安大学学位论文,2003,4(3):31-35
[35]柴怡浩.新型COD测定理论及方法研究.华东师范大学硕士论文,2005
[36]水和废水监测分析方法.中国环境科学出版社,2002,3(3):200-284
[37]丁训静,毛永根,姚琪.太湖流域污染负荷模拟研究.水资源保护,1999,9(3):9-10
[38]唐志伟.北京污水资源化与回用问题.中国给水排水,1995,11(5):20-22
[39]郭琳.长株潭城市群城市化进程中水污染控制与水资源保护研究.2004,4(2):72-74
[40]潘鸣钟,孟西林,陈炎,袁彩凤.流域水质与点源污染关系的监测研究.环境科学研究,2000,13(5):61-62
[2]叶雯,刘美南.我国城市污水再生利用的现状与对策.中国给水排水,2002.18(12):31-33
[3]马志毅.城市污水回用概述.给水排水,1997,23(12):61-63
[4]武珍明,党志良.西安市污水再生利用与现状.中国给水排水,2003,19(10):38-39
[5]黄庭林.李梅,王晓昌.再生水资源价值理论与价值模型的建立.中国给水排水,2002.18(12):22-24
[6]李秉文等.关于水污染总量控制方法的探讨.东北水利水电.2000,12
[7]邬杨善.我国水环境及水污染控制问题.中国给水排水.1998,5(3):42-45
[8]2006中国环境状况公报,国家环境状况保护总局,2007
[9]王西琴,周孝德渭河流域水资源质量趋势分析西北水资源与水工程1999,10(2):50-54
[10]陈亚萍.渭河陕西段水体污染评价及控制对策研究.西北农林科技大学硕士研究生学位论文,2005,3(3):21-23
[11]樊春贤,西安市水资源可持续利用的探讨.陕西省水利电力勘测设计研究院,2003
[12]闫礼.三峡库区污染负荷测算及查询系统.中国科学院研究生院硕士研究论文,2005,2(1):7-8
[13]郭劲松,李胜海,龙腾锐.水质模型及其应用研究进展.重庆建筑大学学报,2002,10(2):19-23
[14]Using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst ESRI(2000 Environmental System Research Institute)
[15]Jennifer Benaman,Modeling of Dissolved Oxygen in the Houston Ship Channel using WASP5 and Geographic Information Systems
[16]Masao Ukita and Hiroshi Nakanishi Pollutant Load Analysis for the Environmental Management of Enclosed Sea in Japan
[17]Brian Howard.The world's water crisis.E:the Environmental Maganize,2003,14(5):32
[18]Mitchell Lewis Blum,Using geographic information systems(GIS)to aid in watershed management and stream restoration
[19]Using ArcCatalo ESRI(2000 Environmental System Research Institute)
[20]F.L.Forray 7 D.K.Hallbauer A study of the pollution of the Aries River (Romania)using capillary electrophoresis as analytical technique Environmental Geology 39(12)November 2000:1372-1384
[21]Tim A.Wool,Robert B.Ambrose,James L.Martin,Edward A.Comer Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program(WASP)Version 6.0 User's Manual
[22]蔡明,李怀恩,刘晓军.非点源污染负荷估算方法研究.人民黄河,2007,29(7):36-37
[23]李彦武,张永良.污染负荷分配计算的方法研究.环境科学研究.1992,5(2):45-48
[24]魏东斌,胡洪营.污水再生回用的水质安全指标体系.中国水排水,2004,20(1):36-39
[25]张忠翔,钱易.城市可持续发展与水污染防治对策.中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[26]王琳,王宝贞.分散式污水处理与回用.化学工业出版社,2003,190-197
[27]章晓东.苏南小城镇水污染状况评价及污染控制对策.南京农业大学硕士学位论文,2005,4(2):21-22
[28]张智,兰凯,白占伟.蓄水后三峡库区重庆段污染负荷与时空分布研究.生态环境,2005,14(2):185-189
[29]陈红军.官厅水库富营养化污染的磷源研究与分析.北京化工大学硕士学位论文,2005:60-63
[30]鄢小虎.湖北省汉江武汉段氮污染源规律及数学模型的研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文,2005
[31]窦培谦.密云水库上游流域特征与氮磷流失规律关系研究.首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2006:25-41
[32]赵德峰.北京市河湖富营养化成因分析及治理技术的研究.北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2005,2(2):9-10
[33]代玲玲.三峡水库富营养化藻类特征及环境因素影响研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文,2007,1(3):5-6
[34]姬亚东.银川地区地下水质量评价及氮污染成因分析.长安大学学位论文,2003,4(3):31-35
[35]柴怡浩.新型COD测定理论及方法研究.华东师范大学硕士论文,2005
[36]水和废水监测分析方法.中国环境科学出版社,2002,3(3):200-284
[37]丁训静,毛永根,姚琪.太湖流域污染负荷模拟研究.水资源保护,1999,9(3):9-10
[38]唐志伟.北京污水资源化与回用问题.中国给水排水,1995,11(5):20-22
[39]郭琳.长株潭城市群城市化进程中水污染控制与水资源保护研究.2004,4(2):72-74
[40]潘鸣钟,孟西林,陈炎,袁彩凤.流域水质与点源污染关系的监测研究.环境科学研究,2000,13(5):61-62