高频冲击下挖掘机动臂和斗杆动态特性及疲劳寿命研究
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摘要
挖掘机式冲击器是随着液压挖掘机的快速发展而出现的一种工程机械设备,它不仅拥有挖掘机的良好的机动性,还能充分发挥冲击器自身的功能。这使得它在采矿、路面建设、铁路建设等领域发挥了巨大的作用。但现有的挖掘式冲击器都是由挖掘机改装而来的,而挖掘机工作装置最初的设计是以铲斗挖掘为主要功能,装上冲击器后,其工作状况为高频冲击振动,因此需对工作装置进行动态特性分析,了解其固有频率和动力响应,从而能够验证其结构能否成功地克服共振与受迫振动引起的有害效果。
本文以某公司生产的LK3000的挖掘机式冲击器为例,对其工作装置在高频冲击工作状态下的动态特性进行分析,包括模态分析和谐响应分析,主要研究工作如下：
(1)首先对冲击机械和其工作原理进行了简单的概述,分析了国内外挖掘机和冲击器的研究现状,提出了本课题的研究主题,即动臂和斗杆在高频冲击作用下的动态响应和疲劳寿命研究。
(2)根据动力学理论,对工作装置进行了动力学分析,研究了矩形脉冲和周期冲击载荷下工作装置的动态响应,提出了提高结构动刚度的相关措施。
(3)利用ANSYS软件对动臂和斗杆工作装置进行了模态和谐响应分析,得到了动臂和斗杆的固有频率和主振型图,以及在固有频率下谐响应峰值曲线,并对动臂和斗杆的疲劳寿命进行了研究。
(4)开展了斗杆动态特性的实验研究,实验结果验证了有限元分析结果的正确性。
本文通过分析挖掘机式冲击器工作装置在高频冲击下的动态特性,为挖掘机和冲击器的功率匹配提供一定的依据,并为其优化设计提供理论基础,对工作性能、使用寿命的提高具有很重要的意义。
The excavator-impactor is a new construction machinery equipment as the rapid development of hydraulic excavator.lt not only has good flexibility, excavator can make full use of impactor's funnction.This makes it in mining, road construction, railway construction etc playing a large role.But in the currently, most of the excavator-impactors were modified by excavators, while excavator's working devices mainly design for scooping at first,after installing the impactor, the working environment is turnning to high frequency vibration, and thus it must to analysis the working device's dynamic characteristic, understanding the dynamic characteristics,and getting the natural frequency and dynamic response, so as to verify the structure can successfully overcome the resonance,fatigue, and other harmful effects caused by forced vibration or not.
Taking the LK3000 excavator-impactor for example, analysis the working device's dynamic characteristics at high frequency impact work condition, including modal analysis and harmonic responses analysis, the main contents of this paper are listed as follow:
(1)Firstly,the paper gives a brief overview to the impact mechanical and its working principle,and expounds the excavator and impact studies in present situation home and abroad, then proposes the theme of this paper, namely, stuaying the dynamic characteristic of main arm and bucket arm in the high frequency impact and fatigue life.
(2)This chapter describes dynamics'relevant theoretical knowledge, and analyses the working devices'dynamic,then works out the dynamic response to the periodic impact load and the rectangular pulse,lastly, puts forward the measures to improve structure stiffness.
(3)Using ANSYS software to analysis working devices'modal and harmonic responses, gets their inherent frequency and main mode in natural frequency,unserstands the harmonic peak curve at the inherent frequency,then figures out their fatigue life for the dangerous zone
(4) Carrying out experimental research to bucket arm's dynamic characteristics,the result verifies the correctness of the finite element analysis results.
Through analysing excavator-impact's working device dynamic characteristic at high frequency,offers the basic theory to match excavator and impactor, and the optimization design, it is important to better their performance, and longer their fatigue life.
本文以某公司生产的LK3000的挖掘机式冲击器为例,对其工作装置在高频冲击工作状态下的动态特性进行分析,包括模态分析和谐响应分析,主要研究工作如下：
(1)首先对冲击机械和其工作原理进行了简单的概述,分析了国内外挖掘机和冲击器的研究现状,提出了本课题的研究主题,即动臂和斗杆在高频冲击作用下的动态响应和疲劳寿命研究。
(2)根据动力学理论,对工作装置进行了动力学分析,研究了矩形脉冲和周期冲击载荷下工作装置的动态响应,提出了提高结构动刚度的相关措施。
(3)利用ANSYS软件对动臂和斗杆工作装置进行了模态和谐响应分析,得到了动臂和斗杆的固有频率和主振型图,以及在固有频率下谐响应峰值曲线,并对动臂和斗杆的疲劳寿命进行了研究。
(4)开展了斗杆动态特性的实验研究,实验结果验证了有限元分析结果的正确性。
本文通过分析挖掘机式冲击器工作装置在高频冲击下的动态特性,为挖掘机和冲击器的功率匹配提供一定的依据,并为其优化设计提供理论基础,对工作性能、使用寿命的提高具有很重要的意义。
The excavator-impactor is a new construction machinery equipment as the rapid development of hydraulic excavator.lt not only has good flexibility, excavator can make full use of impactor's funnction.This makes it in mining, road construction, railway construction etc playing a large role.But in the currently, most of the excavator-impactors were modified by excavators, while excavator's working devices mainly design for scooping at first,after installing the impactor, the working environment is turnning to high frequency vibration, and thus it must to analysis the working device's dynamic characteristic, understanding the dynamic characteristics,and getting the natural frequency and dynamic response, so as to verify the structure can successfully overcome the resonance,fatigue, and other harmful effects caused by forced vibration or not.
Taking the LK3000 excavator-impactor for example, analysis the working device's dynamic characteristics at high frequency impact work condition, including modal analysis and harmonic responses analysis, the main contents of this paper are listed as follow:
(1)Firstly,the paper gives a brief overview to the impact mechanical and its working principle,and expounds the excavator and impact studies in present situation home and abroad, then proposes the theme of this paper, namely, stuaying the dynamic characteristic of main arm and bucket arm in the high frequency impact and fatigue life.
(2)This chapter describes dynamics'relevant theoretical knowledge, and analyses the working devices'dynamic,then works out the dynamic response to the periodic impact load and the rectangular pulse,lastly, puts forward the measures to improve structure stiffness.
(3)Using ANSYS software to analysis working devices'modal and harmonic responses, gets their inherent frequency and main mode in natural frequency,unserstands the harmonic peak curve at the inherent frequency,then figures out their fatigue life for the dangerous zone
(4) Carrying out experimental research to bucket arm's dynamic characteristics,the result verifies the correctness of the finite element analysis results.
Through analysing excavator-impact's working device dynamic characteristic at high frequency,offers the basic theory to match excavator and impactor, and the optimization design, it is important to better their performance, and longer their fatigue life.
引文
[1]孟莹.两级流量放大配流的数字液压冲击器系统仿真与实验研究[D].中南大学2008
[2]郭孝先.国外液压凿岩设备.北京：地质出版社,1993.221-225
[3]朱奇.挖掘机动臂动态特性分析.建筑机械化.2007(11)：45-47
[4]江克斌,屠义强,邵飞.结构分析有限元原理及ANSYS实现.北京：国防工业出版社,2005
[5]何清华.液压冲击机构研究·设计[M].中南大学出版社2009：3-9
[6]张荷芬.支腿式液压凿岩机组的应用前景[J].凿岩机械气动工具.1998(1)：46-50
[7]A.I. Fedulov and A. P. Arkhipenko. Analysis Of Hydraulic Impact Device Characteristics.Mechanization And Automation Of Mining.1986:271-282
[8]苏先建.水力凿岩机在矿山应用潜力的评估.世界采矿快报,1996,12(10)：13-16
[9]Secondary Breaking.Canada.World Mining Equipment.April 1989:21-24
[10]高谰庆.液压凿岩理论、设计与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998：1-24
[11]朱建新,邹湘伏.国内外液压破碎锤研究开发现状及其发展趋势.凿岩机械气动工具[J].2001：33-38
[12]Liebherr's Mining Excavators[J].Mining Journal,1996,327(8391):2-3.
[13]Imelda Cotton.Breaking Building [J].Australia's Mining Monthly,2006,7:122.
[14]李永旭.液压挖掘机工作装置与液压系统设计的研究[D].同济大学.2008
[15]Liebherr's Mining Excavators [J].Mining Journal,1996,327(8391):2-3.
[16]Imelda Cotton.BRADKEN BUILDING[J].Australia's Mining Monthly,2006,7 122.
[17]Tadeusz Smolnicki,Damian Derlukiewicz,Mariusz Stanco.Evaluation of load distribution in the superstructure rotation joint of single-bucket caterpillarexcavators[J].Automation in Construction,2008,17(3):218-223.
[18]M.C.Lee,S.H.Chung,J.H.Cho.Three-dimensional finite element analysis of powder compaction process for forming cylinder block of hydraulic pump [J].Powder Metallurgy,2008,51(1):89-94.
[19]XUE Caijun,QIU Qingying,FENG Peien.Test and optimization of static and dynamical characters for excavator.KISSIMMEE,FLORIDA:A Conference on Structural Dynamics,2003.772-777.
[20]杨一岳,高衡.土方工程机械工作装置发展前景.国外工程机械[J].1992(5)：29—32
[21]白烨,陆念力.液压挖掘机工作装置运动轨迹智能化模糊控制[J].建筑机械.2001(1),39-41
[22]王玉良.挖掘装载机的发展现状、趋势及研制思路[J].建筑机械.2003(1)：22-24
[23]陈玉凡.钻孔机械设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1986
[24]高桥义雄,涩谷嗣等.徐明娥译.凿岩机推进装置的自适控制[J].煤炭科研参考资料,1993(6)：14-20
[25]Abu Bakarr Conteh.Dynamic analysis of sandwich beam and frame systems Concordia University 2003.7, master degree
[26]孙新民,张秋玲,丁洪生.现代设计方法使用教程[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2009
[27]A.Roy R.Craig,Jr. The structural dynamics[M].beijing:China Communications Press.1992
[28]董明晓等.挖掘机运动学分析新方法[J].建筑机械化,2001(5)
[29]陈锡栋.液压挖掘机工作装置设计中复数矢量三角形法.天津理工学院学报,1998(2)：28-31
[30]姚熊亮.结构动力学.[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2007
[31]石崇.爆破地震效应分析与安全评价[D].山东科技大学.2005
[32]成大先.机械设计手册.[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2008
[33]魏发孔.舞台升降台技术诊断分析及整改措施[J].起重运输机械.2002(4)：9-13
[34]周金良.铝锭连铸机的输送链稳定性分析[D].兰州理工大学.2008
[35]宋德文.如何提高机床结构的动刚度[J].安徽机电学院学报.2001(3)：63-69
[36]高广镇,田东SolidWorks 2008中文版从入门到精通[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2009
[37]詹迪维SolidWorks快速入门教程：2008中文版[M].北京：机械工业出版 社.2008
[38]商跃进.有限元原理与ANSYS应用指南[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005
[39]刘国辉.斜拉桥合理成桥状态的确定与实现[D].重庆交通大学.2005
[40]李红云,赵社戌,孙雁ANSYS 10.0基础及工程应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2008
[41]成大先.机械设计手册(第一卷).北京：化学工业出版社.1994
[42]R.D.Blevins.Formulas for Natural Frequency and Mode Van Nostrand Reinho-Co[M].New York, NY.1979
[43]Ward Heylen, Stefan Lammens, Paul Sas.Modal Analysis Theory and Testing[J].Katholieke Universiteit Leaven,1997:59-72
[44]Yao T.M., Choi K.K.3-D Shape Optimal Design and Automatic Finite Element Regridding, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering [J]. 1989, Vol.28, pp.369-384.
[45]王义亮,谢友柏.四缸内燃机机体结构模态分析[J].内燃机学报.2002(1).76-79
[46]顾培英,邓昌,吴福生.结构模态分析及其损伤诊断[M].南京：东南大学出版社.2008
[47]王旭飞.新型真空油泵活塞的有限元模态分析[J].机械设计与制造.2010(09)104-109
[48]C Wang.J C S Lai.Vibration analysis of an induction motor 1994(4).58-63
[49]Norton M P.Fundamentals of Noise and Vibration Analysis for Engineers. Cambridge University Press.1998
[50]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M]北京：清华大学出版社.2002
[51]JERRY.The theory of dynamics[M]. New York, NT.1997
[52]翁东玲,曾利文.神钢SK320-6挖掘机冲击器配置、使用探讨[J].建筑机械技术与管理.2006(03).72-76
[53]黄五星.螺杆轴断裂失效分析及断裂预防措施的研究[D].华东理工大学.2002
[54]阳勇.圆盘式劈半机设计研究[D].湖南大学.2009
[55]许明,李艳凤,杜玉琴.双螺杆多相混输泵在油田的应用[J].2003(Z1)：66-72
[56]任亮.基于ANSYS二次开发的结构疲劳寿命与破坏概率可视化技术[D].南京航空航天大学.2008
[57]赵少汴.抗疲劳设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社.1994
[58]Chang,Shuenn-Yih.An improved on-line dymanic testing method.Engineering StructuresVolurile:24,Issue:5,May,2002,pp.587-596
[59]XUE Caijun,QIU Qingying,FENG Peien.Test and optimization of static and dynamical characters for excavator.KISSIMMEE,FLORIDA:A Conference on Structural Dynamics,2003.772-777.
[2]郭孝先.国外液压凿岩设备.北京：地质出版社,1993.221-225
[3]朱奇.挖掘机动臂动态特性分析.建筑机械化.2007(11)：45-47
[4]江克斌,屠义强,邵飞.结构分析有限元原理及ANSYS实现.北京：国防工业出版社,2005
[5]何清华.液压冲击机构研究·设计[M].中南大学出版社2009：3-9
[6]张荷芬.支腿式液压凿岩机组的应用前景[J].凿岩机械气动工具.1998(1)：46-50
[7]A.I. Fedulov and A. P. Arkhipenko. Analysis Of Hydraulic Impact Device Characteristics.Mechanization And Automation Of Mining.1986:271-282
[8]苏先建.水力凿岩机在矿山应用潜力的评估.世界采矿快报,1996,12(10)：13-16
[9]Secondary Breaking.Canada.World Mining Equipment.April 1989:21-24
[10]高谰庆.液压凿岩理论、设计与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1998：1-24
[11]朱建新,邹湘伏.国内外液压破碎锤研究开发现状及其发展趋势.凿岩机械气动工具[J].2001：33-38
[12]Liebherr's Mining Excavators[J].Mining Journal,1996,327(8391):2-3.
[13]Imelda Cotton.Breaking Building [J].Australia's Mining Monthly,2006,7:122.
[14]李永旭.液压挖掘机工作装置与液压系统设计的研究[D].同济大学.2008
[15]Liebherr's Mining Excavators [J].Mining Journal,1996,327(8391):2-3.
[16]Imelda Cotton.BRADKEN BUILDING[J].Australia's Mining Monthly,2006,7 122.
[17]Tadeusz Smolnicki,Damian Derlukiewicz,Mariusz Stanco.Evaluation of load distribution in the superstructure rotation joint of single-bucket caterpillarexcavators[J].Automation in Construction,2008,17(3):218-223.
[18]M.C.Lee,S.H.Chung,J.H.Cho.Three-dimensional finite element analysis of powder compaction process for forming cylinder block of hydraulic pump [J].Powder Metallurgy,2008,51(1):89-94.
[19]XUE Caijun,QIU Qingying,FENG Peien.Test and optimization of static and dynamical characters for excavator.KISSIMMEE,FLORIDA:A Conference on Structural Dynamics,2003.772-777.
[20]杨一岳,高衡.土方工程机械工作装置发展前景.国外工程机械[J].1992(5)：29—32
[21]白烨,陆念力.液压挖掘机工作装置运动轨迹智能化模糊控制[J].建筑机械.2001(1),39-41
[22]王玉良.挖掘装载机的发展现状、趋势及研制思路[J].建筑机械.2003(1)：22-24
[23]陈玉凡.钻孔机械设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1986
[24]高桥义雄,涩谷嗣等.徐明娥译.凿岩机推进装置的自适控制[J].煤炭科研参考资料,1993(6)：14-20
[25]Abu Bakarr Conteh.Dynamic analysis of sandwich beam and frame systems Concordia University 2003.7, master degree
[26]孙新民,张秋玲,丁洪生.现代设计方法使用教程[M].北京.清华大学出版社.2009
[27]A.Roy R.Craig,Jr. The structural dynamics[M].beijing:China Communications Press.1992
[28]董明晓等.挖掘机运动学分析新方法[J].建筑机械化,2001(5)
[29]陈锡栋.液压挖掘机工作装置设计中复数矢量三角形法.天津理工学院学报,1998(2)：28-31
[30]姚熊亮.结构动力学.[M].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2007
[31]石崇.爆破地震效应分析与安全评价[D].山东科技大学.2005
[32]成大先.机械设计手册.[M].北京：化学工业出版社.2008
[33]魏发孔.舞台升降台技术诊断分析及整改措施[J].起重运输机械.2002(4)：9-13
[34]周金良.铝锭连铸机的输送链稳定性分析[D].兰州理工大学.2008
[35]宋德文.如何提高机床结构的动刚度[J].安徽机电学院学报.2001(3)：63-69
[36]高广镇,田东SolidWorks 2008中文版从入门到精通[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2009
[37]詹迪维SolidWorks快速入门教程：2008中文版[M].北京：机械工业出版 社.2008
[38]商跃进.有限元原理与ANSYS应用指南[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005
[39]刘国辉.斜拉桥合理成桥状态的确定与实现[D].重庆交通大学.2005
[40]李红云,赵社戌,孙雁ANSYS 10.0基础及工程应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2008
[41]成大先.机械设计手册(第一卷).北京：化学工业出版社.1994
[42]R.D.Blevins.Formulas for Natural Frequency and Mode Van Nostrand Reinho-Co[M].New York, NY.1979
[43]Ward Heylen, Stefan Lammens, Paul Sas.Modal Analysis Theory and Testing[J].Katholieke Universiteit Leaven,1997:59-72
[44]Yao T.M., Choi K.K.3-D Shape Optimal Design and Automatic Finite Element Regridding, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering [J]. 1989, Vol.28, pp.369-384.
[45]王义亮,谢友柏.四缸内燃机机体结构模态分析[J].内燃机学报.2002(1).76-79
[46]顾培英,邓昌,吴福生.结构模态分析及其损伤诊断[M].南京：东南大学出版社.2008
[47]王旭飞.新型真空油泵活塞的有限元模态分析[J].机械设计与制造.2010(09)104-109
[48]C Wang.J C S Lai.Vibration analysis of an induction motor 1994(4).58-63
[49]Norton M P.Fundamentals of Noise and Vibration Analysis for Engineers. Cambridge University Press.1998
[50]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M]北京：清华大学出版社.2002
[51]JERRY.The theory of dynamics[M]. New York, NT.1997
[52]翁东玲,曾利文.神钢SK320-6挖掘机冲击器配置、使用探讨[J].建筑机械技术与管理.2006(03).72-76
[53]黄五星.螺杆轴断裂失效分析及断裂预防措施的研究[D].华东理工大学.2002
[54]阳勇.圆盘式劈半机设计研究[D].湖南大学.2009
[55]许明,李艳凤,杜玉琴.双螺杆多相混输泵在油田的应用[J].2003(Z1)：66-72
[56]任亮.基于ANSYS二次开发的结构疲劳寿命与破坏概率可视化技术[D].南京航空航天大学.2008
[57]赵少汴.抗疲劳设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社.1994
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