煤层气成藏条件与成藏过程分析
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摘要
本文根据目前国内外煤层气藏的勘探、开发、研究历史与现状,特别是近期笔者在沁水盆地从事煤层气开发的实践,在系统研究煤层空间展布、煤层气成分和含气量、储层物性、吸附特征、储层压力、封闭条件的基础上,研究了煤层气藏边界类型并划分为6类,结合边界类型及煤层气藏自身的构造特征,以地下水动力条件为主线,将煤层气藏划分为水动力封闭型和自封闭型两类,根据煤阶将煤层气藏分为高煤阶煤层气藏、中煤阶煤层气藏和低煤阶煤层气藏。
以煤层气地球化学特征为主要依据,提出了煤层气成因分类方案,将吸附势理论引入到煤对煤层气的吸附中,实现了半定量化评价煤层气的聚散史,从根本上揭示了煤层气的扩散—运移分馏机理,为煤层气富集区预测开创了新途径;同时发现注入二氧化碳强化甲烷产出工艺的实施与注入压力和储层压力关系密切,为提高煤层气采收率提供了理论依据。
将亨利定律和相似相溶原理引入到煤层气在水中的溶解度研究中,定量评价了不同煤层气组分和不同碳同位素甲烷在煤层水中的溶解现象,进而对煤层气的溶解分馏机理进行了系统探讨,指出煤层气的运移既存在以游离态气体扩散—渗流方式,也存在溶解运移方式;在系统分析了大量国内外含煤盆地后,选取沁水盆地南部、Piceance盆地、阜新盆地的王营—刘家地区与粉河盆地四个高、中、低煤阶已熟、低煤阶未熟煤层气藏为解剖对象,从成藏条件与成藏过程两个方面对煤层气藏进行了系统分析,对高、中、低煤阶已熟和低煤阶未熟煤层气成藏的差异性进行了详细的探讨,指出了各类煤层气成藏的主控因素;引入成藏演化关键时刻这一概念,建立了三种不同地质背景下高、中、低煤阶煤层气富集成藏的模式,可用于对煤层气的勘探选区评价中。
Depending on the history and status of coal bed methane exploration, developing and studying in China and foreign countries, the author has researched systematically coal seam distribution, coal gas ingredients, gas content, physical characteristics of reservoir, resorption characteristics, reservoir pressure, closure conditions in the course of developing coal bed methane of Qinshui Basin. The zones of coal bed methane reservoir can be divided six kinds. According to the main clues of hydrodynamic conditions together with structure characteristics and boundary types of coal bed methane reservoir, coal bed methane reservoir can divided two types, namely hydrodynamic closure and self closure. On the base of coal rank kinds coal bed methane can also be made off high rank, medium low rank and low rank..
Depending upon the characteristics of coal seam geochemistry the author puts forward the classification method of coal bed methane formation. By citing resorption potential theory it can be evaluated the history of coal bed methane congregation quasi-quantitatively. As a result, it can be disclosed the mechanism of coal bed methane distribution, displacement and fractionation. And he has built a new approach to forecast the rich areas of coal bed methane. In the mean time it can be found that the relation between stimulating coal gas by dioxide nitrogen and injecting pressure and reservoir pressure is closed. On the other hand, he has provided new theoretic bases for improving coal bed methane recovery.
By citing Hery law and comparability principle in studying solubility of coal gas in water the author has evaluated quantitatively different coal gas ingredients and different carbon isotopes' coal gas dissolving into water, talked the mechanism of dissolving and separating of coal gas, pointed that the displacement ways of coal gas lie in not only gas distribution to seepage by dissociation but also dissolving displacement. And the author systematically has analyzed the differences of high, medium and low rank coal gas reservoirs formation from formation conditions and process on the basis of analysis on the homeland and broad coal basin, selecting the south of Qinshui basin, Piceance basin, Fuxin Basin' Wangying-Liujia blocks and Power basin's different ranks coal seam. The main control factors of coal gas reservoir formation are put forwarded in the dissertation. The model of reservoir formation of coal gas enrichment is built for high, medium and low rank types by quoting the concept of key moment of reservoir formation and evolvement. It can be utilized in evaluating and selecting the blocks for coal bed methane exploration.
以煤层气地球化学特征为主要依据,提出了煤层气成因分类方案,将吸附势理论引入到煤对煤层气的吸附中,实现了半定量化评价煤层气的聚散史,从根本上揭示了煤层气的扩散—运移分馏机理,为煤层气富集区预测开创了新途径;同时发现注入二氧化碳强化甲烷产出工艺的实施与注入压力和储层压力关系密切,为提高煤层气采收率提供了理论依据。
将亨利定律和相似相溶原理引入到煤层气在水中的溶解度研究中,定量评价了不同煤层气组分和不同碳同位素甲烷在煤层水中的溶解现象,进而对煤层气的溶解分馏机理进行了系统探讨,指出煤层气的运移既存在以游离态气体扩散—渗流方式,也存在溶解运移方式;在系统分析了大量国内外含煤盆地后,选取沁水盆地南部、Piceance盆地、阜新盆地的王营—刘家地区与粉河盆地四个高、中、低煤阶已熟、低煤阶未熟煤层气藏为解剖对象,从成藏条件与成藏过程两个方面对煤层气藏进行了系统分析,对高、中、低煤阶已熟和低煤阶未熟煤层气成藏的差异性进行了详细的探讨,指出了各类煤层气成藏的主控因素;引入成藏演化关键时刻这一概念,建立了三种不同地质背景下高、中、低煤阶煤层气富集成藏的模式,可用于对煤层气的勘探选区评价中。
Depending on the history and status of coal bed methane exploration, developing and studying in China and foreign countries, the author has researched systematically coal seam distribution, coal gas ingredients, gas content, physical characteristics of reservoir, resorption characteristics, reservoir pressure, closure conditions in the course of developing coal bed methane of Qinshui Basin. The zones of coal bed methane reservoir can be divided six kinds. According to the main clues of hydrodynamic conditions together with structure characteristics and boundary types of coal bed methane reservoir, coal bed methane reservoir can divided two types, namely hydrodynamic closure and self closure. On the base of coal rank kinds coal bed methane can also be made off high rank, medium low rank and low rank..
Depending upon the characteristics of coal seam geochemistry the author puts forward the classification method of coal bed methane formation. By citing resorption potential theory it can be evaluated the history of coal bed methane congregation quasi-quantitatively. As a result, it can be disclosed the mechanism of coal bed methane distribution, displacement and fractionation. And he has built a new approach to forecast the rich areas of coal bed methane. In the mean time it can be found that the relation between stimulating coal gas by dioxide nitrogen and injecting pressure and reservoir pressure is closed. On the other hand, he has provided new theoretic bases for improving coal bed methane recovery.
By citing Hery law and comparability principle in studying solubility of coal gas in water the author has evaluated quantitatively different coal gas ingredients and different carbon isotopes' coal gas dissolving into water, talked the mechanism of dissolving and separating of coal gas, pointed that the displacement ways of coal gas lie in not only gas distribution to seepage by dissociation but also dissolving displacement. And the author systematically has analyzed the differences of high, medium and low rank coal gas reservoirs formation from formation conditions and process on the basis of analysis on the homeland and broad coal basin, selecting the south of Qinshui basin, Piceance basin, Fuxin Basin' Wangying-Liujia blocks and Power basin's different ranks coal seam. The main control factors of coal gas reservoir formation are put forwarded in the dissertation. The model of reservoir formation of coal gas enrichment is built for high, medium and low rank types by quoting the concept of key moment of reservoir formation and evolvement. It can be utilized in evaluating and selecting the blocks for coal bed methane exploration.
引文
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