分散聚合法合成阳离子型有机高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC-AM的研究
|
摘要
新型、高效水处理药剂与材料始终是水处理环保产业技术领域中重点发展的支柱产业,也是水工业与水污染治理工程技术与设备创新发展的基础产业。季铵化阳离子聚丙酰胺作为一种新型高效的有机阳离子絮凝剂成为目前国内外研究的热点。本论文在综合国内外大量相关文献的基础上,以丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基均聚物(PDMDAAC)为原料,用分散聚合法合成了AM/DMDAAC阳离子共聚物。主要研究适合于DMDAAC和AM共聚的分散体系,选择适用的稳定剂、介质、交联剂等,确定其配比。研究了阳离子型高聚物PDMDAAC-AM共聚物的最佳制备工艺,通过测定反应时间与转化率的关系研究DMDAAC和AM分散聚合反应的动力学。同时对PDMDAAC-AM的结构形貌进行分析表征,并且评价了其应用效果。为PDMDAAC-AM分散乳液聚合奠定理论基础,并为开发应用提供理论指导。
主要内容及结果如下：
1、采用分散聚合法制备阳离子絮凝剂PDMDAAC-AM,以硫酸铵的水溶液作为分散聚合的反应介质,铵盐的质量分数为总体的18%左右,所得产品比较稳定。考察其他因素对分散体系的影响,选择单体浓度在15%-22.5%范围内,稳定剂采用PVP+PD的复合型分散稳定剂,用量占体系质量的2.1%。采用V50为引发剂,投加量为单体质量的0.01%-0.04%,可以得到符合实验目的的共聚物产品。
2、考察了介质极性、单体浓度、单体配比、引发剂浓度、引发温度等影响因素对产物转化率和特性粘度的影响,得出分散聚合法制备PDMDAAC-AM的最佳反应条件为：nAW:nDMDAAC=8:2, Cmonomer (wt%)=40%, Cinitiator (wt%)0.04%,乙醇含量=50%and引发温度为40℃。在该条件下,可制得特性黏度为98 cm3/g,易分离提纯,溶解迅速,絮凝效果较好的产品。加入EDTA可加快反应速度,提高产品的转化率和特性黏度(分子量)。
3、考察了AM和DMDAAC分散乳液聚合和反相乳液聚合动力学实验,发现在分散乳液聚合中,聚合反应速率随着AM与DMDAAC摩尔比、单体浓度、稳定剂浓度、引发剂浓度和温度的增加而增加。特性粘度随着AM与DMDAAC摩尔比和单体浓度的增加、稳定剂和引发剂浓度的减少而增加。聚合反应速率与单体浓度、单体摩尔配比、分散稳定剂浓度、引发剂浓度四个因素线性相关,具体关系如下：Rp∝[M]1.44[I]0.60[S]0.39, [η]∝[M]1.26[I]-0.13[S]-0.36。在反相乳液聚合中,AM与DMDAAC摩尔比、单体浓度、乳化剂浓度、引发剂浓度对聚合反应速率的影响与分散聚合的相似,特性粘度随着AM与DMDAAC摩尔比、单体浓度和乳化剂浓度的增加,引发剂浓度的减少而增加,其动力学关系式为：Rp∝[M]2.11[I]1.21[E]0.48,[η]∝[M]0.87[I]-0.30[E]0.36。采用膨胀计法测定DMDAAC和AM反相乳液溶液聚合的表观活化能为20.33 kJ/mol,水溶液聚合的表观活化能为29.05 kJ/mol,分散聚合的表观活化能为37.38 kJ/mol。
4、分散聚合颗粒生成和增长机理主要倾向于齐聚物沉淀机理和接枝共聚物聚结机理。在分散乳液聚合体系中单体AM和DMDAAC的竞聚率分别是6.664和0.120。AM的竞聚率比DMDAAC的竞聚率要高,表明在分散体系中AM比DMDAAC更容易发生均聚合。
5、用红外光谱、核磁共振、透射电镜、扫描电镜、热分析、粒度测定仪等多种现代分析仪器和方法对分散乳液聚合法合成的有机阳离子共聚物PDMDAAC-AM的形貌结构进行了分析表征。结果表明,单体DMDAAC和AM发生了共聚,由单体转变成了聚合物。分散乳液聚合法合成的阳离子共聚物PDMDAAC-AM在溶液中呈现分散状分布的小球,反应生成的大分子在这些小球内继续与残余单体反应,同时有利于生成热的散失,使反应不易发生暴聚,对比水溶液聚合和反相乳液聚合,显示出分散乳液聚合法的特点和优点。
6.PDMDAAC—AM带有的正电荷中和污泥所带的负电荷而使污泥颗粒脱稳,易于脱水,处理效果明显优于聚合氯化铁无机絮凝剂。在污泥絮凝脱水实验中还发现,阳离子含量高的产品(2:8与1:9比较)无论是在比阻抗还是脱水率的表现中都有更好的效果。但是,阳离子度的提高会使产品粘度下降,价格上升。因此,针对不同的处理对象,可以采用不同配比的产品,以达到最佳性价比。PDMDAAC—AM的除浊效果表明,PDMDAAC—AM兼有电中和与吸附架桥两种性能。一般来说,阳离子度越高,特性黏度越大,除浊效果越好。
Coagulation/flocculation is a widely used process for particle removal in water and wastewater treatment. Quaternary ammonium cationic polyacrylamide become the focuses of research at home and abroad at present as a new high-efficiency organic cationic flocculant. Synthetizing references, cationic copolymer acrylamide-dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (PDMDAAC-AM) was synthesized from acrylamide (AM) and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) by dispersion polymerization. The dispersion system was selected to facilitate the polymerization of AM and DMDAAC. The experiments have been done to choose the applicative stabilizer, medium, cross-linking agent etc and determine their ratio.The optimum operating conditions for preparing PAM-DMDAAC were determined. Kinetics of dispersion polymerization of AM and DMDAAC were researched by measuring the relationship of reaction time and conversion. The structures of the product PDMDAAC-AM were investigated by varies physical chemistry methods. And its application in wastewater was assessed.
The main contents and results are following:
1. The cationic polyacrylamide was synthesized by dispersion polymerization using the solution of ammonium sulfate as the reaction medium. When the concentration of ammonium sulfate was about 18%, the obtained product was stable. The effect of the other factor on dispersion system were investigated, the monomer concentration of 15%～22.5%, using PVP+PD as composite stabilizer whoes concentration of 2.1% of the system mass, using V50 as initiator whose concentration of 0.01%～0.04% of monomer mass.
2. The effects of various polymerization parameters (e.g., concentration of monomer and initiator, medium polarity, the ratio of AM to DMDAAC, initial temperature and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA)) on the intrinsic viscosity and conversion of copolymer have been investigated. The optimum operating conditions for preparing PAM-DMDAAC were determined as ethanol content 50%, [M] (wt%) 40%, nAM:nDMDAAC 8:2, [I] (wt%) 0.04% and initiate temperature 40°C. On these conditions, the synthesized copolymer with the intrinsic viscosity of 98 cm3/g could be separated, purified and dissolved easily. Adding EDTA can accelerate reaction rate and increase conversion and intrinsic viscosity (molecular weight).
3. Kinetics of dispersion polymerization and inverse emulsion polymerization of AM and DMDAAC were investigated. In dispersion polymerization, The rate of polymerization (Rp) increased with the increasing of the molar ratio of AM to DMDAAC, concentrations of monomers, stabilizer and initiator and temperature. The intrinsic viscosity increased with the increasing of the molar ratio of AM to DMDAAC and concentration of monomers and the decreasing of concentrations of stabilizer and initiator. The rate of polymerization and intrinsic viscosity can be represented by Rp∝[M]1.44[I]0.60[S]0.39, [η]∝[M]1.26[I]-0.13[S]-036. In inverse emulsion polymerization, the influences of the molar ratio of AM to DMDAAC, concentrations of monomers, emulsion and initiator on polymerization is similar with dispersion polymerization. The intrinsic viscosity increased with the increasing of the molar ratio of AM to DMDAAC and concentrations of monomers and emulsion and the decreasing of concentration of initiator. Its kinetics can be expressed as Rp∝[M]2.11[I]1.21[E]0.48, [η]∝[M]0.87[I]-0.30[E]0.36. The overall activation energy for the rate of polymerization was determined with a dilatometer as 20.33 kJ/mol in inverse emulsion polymerization,29.05 kJ/mol in solution polymerization,37.38 kJ/mol in dispersion polymerization.
4. The mechanism of particle generation and propagation in dispersion polymerization is inclined to oligomer precipitation mechanism and grafted copolymer coalescence mechanism. The monomer reactivity ratios of AM (r1) and DMDAAC(r2) were determined by the application of Fineman-Ross methods as 6.664 and 0.120, respectively, The analysis of reactivity ratios revealed that DMDAAC is less reactive than AM, and copolymers formed are statistically in nature.
5. The characteristics of polymers synthesized in dispersion polymerization were studied by means of various instrumental analysis techniques, including including infrared spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis et al. The results show that the monomers DMDAAC and AM turn into the copolymer PAM-DMDAAC. The dispersion polymerization is helpful to heat exchange of reaction because of its merits of emulsion.
6. The positive charge of PDMDAAC-AM can neutralize the negative charge of sludge particles and leave the sludge off the stable and dehydration. The treatment effect is better than inorganic coagulant ferric chloride polymer. In sludge dewatering experiment it was found that products with high cation degree (2:8 compared with 1:9) have better results both in the dehydration rate and the resistance. However, the increasing of cationic degree can decrease the viscosity of product and raise the prices. Therefore, the products with different ratio can be used to achieve the best cost performance when treating different objects. The turbidity removel of PDMDAAC-AM showed that PDMDAAC-AM had two properties of electricity neutralization and adsorption bridging. In general, the higher the cationic degree and intrinsic viscosity is, the better the turbidity removel is.
主要内容及结果如下：
1、采用分散聚合法制备阳离子絮凝剂PDMDAAC-AM,以硫酸铵的水溶液作为分散聚合的反应介质,铵盐的质量分数为总体的18%左右,所得产品比较稳定。考察其他因素对分散体系的影响,选择单体浓度在15%-22.5%范围内,稳定剂采用PVP+PD的复合型分散稳定剂,用量占体系质量的2.1%。采用V50为引发剂,投加量为单体质量的0.01%-0.04%,可以得到符合实验目的的共聚物产品。
2、考察了介质极性、单体浓度、单体配比、引发剂浓度、引发温度等影响因素对产物转化率和特性粘度的影响,得出分散聚合法制备PDMDAAC-AM的最佳反应条件为：nAW:nDMDAAC=8:2, Cmonomer (wt%)=40%, Cinitiator (wt%)0.04%,乙醇含量=50%and引发温度为40℃。在该条件下,可制得特性黏度为98 cm3/g,易分离提纯,溶解迅速,絮凝效果较好的产品。加入EDTA可加快反应速度,提高产品的转化率和特性黏度(分子量)。
3、考察了AM和DMDAAC分散乳液聚合和反相乳液聚合动力学实验,发现在分散乳液聚合中,聚合反应速率随着AM与DMDAAC摩尔比、单体浓度、稳定剂浓度、引发剂浓度和温度的增加而增加。特性粘度随着AM与DMDAAC摩尔比和单体浓度的增加、稳定剂和引发剂浓度的减少而增加。聚合反应速率与单体浓度、单体摩尔配比、分散稳定剂浓度、引发剂浓度四个因素线性相关,具体关系如下：Rp∝[M]1.44[I]0.60[S]0.39, [η]∝[M]1.26[I]-0.13[S]-0.36。在反相乳液聚合中,AM与DMDAAC摩尔比、单体浓度、乳化剂浓度、引发剂浓度对聚合反应速率的影响与分散聚合的相似,特性粘度随着AM与DMDAAC摩尔比、单体浓度和乳化剂浓度的增加,引发剂浓度的减少而增加,其动力学关系式为：Rp∝[M]2.11[I]1.21[E]0.48,[η]∝[M]0.87[I]-0.30[E]0.36。采用膨胀计法测定DMDAAC和AM反相乳液溶液聚合的表观活化能为20.33 kJ/mol,水溶液聚合的表观活化能为29.05 kJ/mol,分散聚合的表观活化能为37.38 kJ/mol。
4、分散聚合颗粒生成和增长机理主要倾向于齐聚物沉淀机理和接枝共聚物聚结机理。在分散乳液聚合体系中单体AM和DMDAAC的竞聚率分别是6.664和0.120。AM的竞聚率比DMDAAC的竞聚率要高,表明在分散体系中AM比DMDAAC更容易发生均聚合。
5、用红外光谱、核磁共振、透射电镜、扫描电镜、热分析、粒度测定仪等多种现代分析仪器和方法对分散乳液聚合法合成的有机阳离子共聚物PDMDAAC-AM的形貌结构进行了分析表征。结果表明,单体DMDAAC和AM发生了共聚,由单体转变成了聚合物。分散乳液聚合法合成的阳离子共聚物PDMDAAC-AM在溶液中呈现分散状分布的小球,反应生成的大分子在这些小球内继续与残余单体反应,同时有利于生成热的散失,使反应不易发生暴聚,对比水溶液聚合和反相乳液聚合,显示出分散乳液聚合法的特点和优点。
6.PDMDAAC—AM带有的正电荷中和污泥所带的负电荷而使污泥颗粒脱稳,易于脱水,处理效果明显优于聚合氯化铁无机絮凝剂。在污泥絮凝脱水实验中还发现,阳离子含量高的产品(2:8与1:9比较)无论是在比阻抗还是脱水率的表现中都有更好的效果。但是,阳离子度的提高会使产品粘度下降,价格上升。因此,针对不同的处理对象,可以采用不同配比的产品,以达到最佳性价比。PDMDAAC—AM的除浊效果表明,PDMDAAC—AM兼有电中和与吸附架桥两种性能。一般来说,阳离子度越高,特性黏度越大,除浊效果越好。
Coagulation/flocculation is a widely used process for particle removal in water and wastewater treatment. Quaternary ammonium cationic polyacrylamide become the focuses of research at home and abroad at present as a new high-efficiency organic cationic flocculant. Synthetizing references, cationic copolymer acrylamide-dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (PDMDAAC-AM) was synthesized from acrylamide (AM) and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) by dispersion polymerization. The dispersion system was selected to facilitate the polymerization of AM and DMDAAC. The experiments have been done to choose the applicative stabilizer, medium, cross-linking agent etc and determine their ratio.The optimum operating conditions for preparing PAM-DMDAAC were determined. Kinetics of dispersion polymerization of AM and DMDAAC were researched by measuring the relationship of reaction time and conversion. The structures of the product PDMDAAC-AM were investigated by varies physical chemistry methods. And its application in wastewater was assessed.
The main contents and results are following:
1. The cationic polyacrylamide was synthesized by dispersion polymerization using the solution of ammonium sulfate as the reaction medium. When the concentration of ammonium sulfate was about 18%, the obtained product was stable. The effect of the other factor on dispersion system were investigated, the monomer concentration of 15%～22.5%, using PVP+PD as composite stabilizer whoes concentration of 2.1% of the system mass, using V50 as initiator whose concentration of 0.01%～0.04% of monomer mass.
2. The effects of various polymerization parameters (e.g., concentration of monomer and initiator, medium polarity, the ratio of AM to DMDAAC, initial temperature and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA)) on the intrinsic viscosity and conversion of copolymer have been investigated. The optimum operating conditions for preparing PAM-DMDAAC were determined as ethanol content 50%, [M] (wt%) 40%, nAM:nDMDAAC 8:2, [I] (wt%) 0.04% and initiate temperature 40°C. On these conditions, the synthesized copolymer with the intrinsic viscosity of 98 cm3/g could be separated, purified and dissolved easily. Adding EDTA can accelerate reaction rate and increase conversion and intrinsic viscosity (molecular weight).
3. Kinetics of dispersion polymerization and inverse emulsion polymerization of AM and DMDAAC were investigated. In dispersion polymerization, The rate of polymerization (Rp) increased with the increasing of the molar ratio of AM to DMDAAC, concentrations of monomers, stabilizer and initiator and temperature. The intrinsic viscosity increased with the increasing of the molar ratio of AM to DMDAAC and concentration of monomers and the decreasing of concentrations of stabilizer and initiator. The rate of polymerization and intrinsic viscosity can be represented by Rp∝[M]1.44[I]0.60[S]0.39, [η]∝[M]1.26[I]-0.13[S]-036. In inverse emulsion polymerization, the influences of the molar ratio of AM to DMDAAC, concentrations of monomers, emulsion and initiator on polymerization is similar with dispersion polymerization. The intrinsic viscosity increased with the increasing of the molar ratio of AM to DMDAAC and concentrations of monomers and emulsion and the decreasing of concentration of initiator. Its kinetics can be expressed as Rp∝[M]2.11[I]1.21[E]0.48, [η]∝[M]0.87[I]-0.30[E]0.36. The overall activation energy for the rate of polymerization was determined with a dilatometer as 20.33 kJ/mol in inverse emulsion polymerization,29.05 kJ/mol in solution polymerization,37.38 kJ/mol in dispersion polymerization.
4. The mechanism of particle generation and propagation in dispersion polymerization is inclined to oligomer precipitation mechanism and grafted copolymer coalescence mechanism. The monomer reactivity ratios of AM (r1) and DMDAAC(r2) were determined by the application of Fineman-Ross methods as 6.664 and 0.120, respectively, The analysis of reactivity ratios revealed that DMDAAC is less reactive than AM, and copolymers formed are statistically in nature.
5. The characteristics of polymers synthesized in dispersion polymerization were studied by means of various instrumental analysis techniques, including including infrared spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis et al. The results show that the monomers DMDAAC and AM turn into the copolymer PAM-DMDAAC. The dispersion polymerization is helpful to heat exchange of reaction because of its merits of emulsion.
6. The positive charge of PDMDAAC-AM can neutralize the negative charge of sludge particles and leave the sludge off the stable and dehydration. The treatment effect is better than inorganic coagulant ferric chloride polymer. In sludge dewatering experiment it was found that products with high cation degree (2:8 compared with 1:9) have better results both in the dehydration rate and the resistance. However, the increasing of cationic degree can decrease the viscosity of product and raise the prices. Therefore, the products with different ratio can be used to achieve the best cost performance when treating different objects. The turbidity removel of PDMDAAC-AM showed that PDMDAAC-AM had two properties of electricity neutralization and adsorption bridging. In general, the higher the cationic degree and intrinsic viscosity is, the better the turbidity removel is.
引文
[1]崔丹.高分子絮凝剂的发展概况[J],广州化工,2002,30(4):83-94.
[2]李富生,胡星琪,段明,等.聚丙烯酰胺的合成技术及应用研究[J].应用化工,2002,31(5):1-4.
[3]张黎明.高性能PAM类产品的研究—聚合产物分子量的提高[J].广州化工,1996,24(4):60-67.
[4]张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002,19(9):521-527.
[5]赵华章,岳钦艳,高宝玉,等.阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC与P(AM-DMDAAC)的合成及分析[J].精细化工,2001,18(11)：645-648.
[6]常清,陈野.聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成及水处理絮凝效能研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(2):168-172.
[7] Kawakmi T, OTA M. Cationic copolymers as sludge dewatering agents [P]. JP09225500,1997-09-02.
[8] Schuller WH, Price J A, Moore S J. Soluble copolymers of dially monomers [J]. J. Chem. Eng.,1959, (4): 273-276.
[9] Tanaka H. Copolymerization of cationic monomers with acrylamide in an aqueous solution [J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry,1986(24):29-36.
[10]王月.王刚.周厚安.有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成及性能评价[J].精细石油化工进展.2003(7):21-29.
[11]申迎华,王孟,王志忠.两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成方法及应用进展[J].化工进展,2003,22(10):1061-1065.
[12] Toki H, Ito H, Abe K, et al. Wet-end Additives for papermaking [P]. JP03227494,1991-10-08.
[13] Nagamoto A, Imamura K. Preparation of Acrylamide based Amphoteric Polymers [P]. JP07233215, 1995-04-15.
[14] Ryan M S, Mayeda D K, Proverb R J, et al. Ampholytic Polymers, Polymeric micro-emulsions, Polymerization Method, and Use of Flocculant [P]. EP669349A1,1995-08-30.
[15] Donaldson J D, Grimes S. Lifting the Scales From Our Pipes [J]. New Scientist,1988,117(18):43-46.
[16]吴福梅.阳离子型絮凝剂丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物的合成研究[D].北京：北京化工学,2006.
[17]吕生华,俞从正,章川波,等.阳离子高分子絮凝剂的制备与应用[J].西北轻工业学院学报,2000,18(3):18-22.
[18]张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002,(9):521-527.
[19]俞益平.二烯丙基类聚合物的研制和在石油开采中的应用[J].油田化学,1991,8(3):194-199.
[20] Hawthome D G, Solomon D H. [J]. Macromol. Sci. Chem.,1976, A10:923.
[21]GB/T 12005.10-1992,聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定-粘度法[S].
[22] Gartner H A. Process for the production of high molecular weight copolymers of diallylammonium monomers and acrylamide monomer insolution [P].US5110833,1992-05-05.
[23] Bulter GB. Method of enchancing polymerization of diallyldimethylamonium compounds to produce high molecular weight polymers [P]. US4742134,1998-10-22.
[24] Chester D Szymanski, Dennis Neigel. [P]. US4517351,1985-05-14.
[25]潘祖仁.高分子化学(第2版)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997:234.
[26]张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展.精细化工,2002,19(9):521-527.
[27] MinsKL M, Kotlarchik C, Meyer GN, et al. [M]. Polym. Chem. Ed.,1974:133.
[28]岳钦艳,李勇,高宝玉,等PDMDAAC-AM共聚物的反相乳液聚合研究.山东大学学报(理学版),2004,39(6)：86-89.
[29]曹同玉,刘庆普,胡金生著,聚合物乳液合成原理性能及应用,化学工业出版社,1997年版.
[30] Chen F, Connors EJ. Preparation of acrylamide diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride copolymers [P]. CA20636561,1992-12-11.
[31] Kozakoewicz JJ, David WL. Preparation of cationic micro emulsified polymers [P]. EP:374457,1990-06-27.
[32] Matias H, Werner J, Wesley W. Verzweigte wasserlsiche acrylamid copolymere mit hohem molekulargewicht und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung [P]. DE:19524869,1997-01-09.
[33] Lawrence LK, Roger YL. Water soluble cationic copolymers and their use as flocculents [P]. US:5529699, 1995-04-18.
[34] Kozakiewicz Joseph J, Lipp David Wesley. [P]. EP374457,1990-06-27.
[35]田华.微乳阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的研制[J].化工科技,2000,(2):35-36.
[36]罗正平,张秋禹,谢钢,等.分散聚合研究.高分子通报,2002,(5):35-40.
[37]卢江.高分子化学.梁晖.北京：化学工业出版社,2005:93.
[38] Subramanian R, Zhu S, Pelton RH. Synthesis and flocculation performance of graft and random copolymer microgels of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammniumchloride [J]. Colloid. Polym. Sci,1997,277(10):939-946.
[39] Kiyoshi S, Susumu H, Toshio V. Polymer copolymers form at least one diallylamine derivative [P]. Ger Offern:2416675,1974-10-31.
[40]李勇PDMDAAC-AM的反相乳液共聚研究[D].济南：山东大学,2005.
[41]永泽满(日).高分子水处理剂(下)第1版[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1983.
[42] MathiasH, Werner J, Christine W, etal. High molecular weight, water soluble polyammonium compounds [P]. Ger(East):127729,1977-10-12.
[43]李克友,向福如.高分子合成原理及工艺学.科学出版社1999.10
[44]谭明乾,张跃军,曲文超DMDAAC/AM共聚物合成及其絮凝性能[J].化工时刊,1999,(12):15-17.
[45] Paramjit S, Mashur G, Dispersed phase copolymerization of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride inxylene [J]. J PolymMater,1997,14(1):57-63.
[46]赵华章,高宝玉,岳钦艳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)聚合物的研究进展[J].工业水处理,1999,19(6):1-4.
[47]罗文利,牛亚斌,欧阳坚,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺水溶液工共聚合[J].油田化学,1998,15(3)：193-196.
[48] W. Jaeger, M. Hahn, Ch. Wandrey et al. [J]. Macromol. Sci-chem.,1984, A21(5):593-614.
[49] Tanaka H. Copolymerization of cationic monomer with acylamide in an aqueous solution [J]. Journal of polymer Science,1986(24):29-36.
[50]严瑞,鲍其鼐.聚丙烯酰胺的性能和应用[J].石油化工,1984,13(12):807-815.
[51]侯斯健,哈润华.二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵—丙烯酰胺反相乳液聚合的动力学特征研究[J].高分子学报,1995,(3)：349-354.
[52] Kurenkov VK, Abramova LI. Homogeneous polymerization of acrylamide in solution [J].Polym Plast Technol Eng,1992,31(7-8):659-704.
[53]陆兴章,高华星.HG型高分子絮凝剂的絮凝性能及其应用研究[J].环境污染与防治,1994,16(6):6-10.
[54]GB/T12005.3—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测定法[S].溴化法.
[55]GB/T12005.5—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测定法[S].气相色谱法.
[56]GB/T12005.4—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测法[S].液相色谱法.
[57]张瑾,张书香,李春生,等.紫外分光光度法测定聚丙烯酰胺中丙烯酰胺的残留量[J].化学世界,1999,(12)：652-655.
[58]江霜英,高廷耀.高效液相色谱法测定聚丙烯酰胺中的单体[J].同济大学学报,2000,28(2):228-230.
[59]吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用[J].精细化工,2000,17(7)：386-387.
[60] Huang SS. Evaluation of chemical structurel heterogeneity of cationic acrylamide copolyers by high performance liquid chromatography [J].J Chromatogr,1991,536(1-2):203-209.
[61]岳钦艳,赵华章,高宝玉.利用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察PDMDAAC系列絮凝剂的结构形貌[J].山东大学学报(理学版).2002.04.
[62]严瑞煊,水溶性高分子,化学工业出版社,1998
[63]陆林玮,精细石油化工进展,第一卷,第一期,2000,4:45-48
[64] Werner J, Ulrich G, Monika J, et al. Flotation agent and method for treatment of oil2containing wastewaters [P]. DD:294 422,1991-10-02.
[65] Syrinek A R. Removal of silver from aqueous systems [P]. US:5205939,1993-04-27.
[66] Tefft E R. Diallyldimethylammonium chloride2acrylamide copolymers as deinkers[P]. EP:172 684,1986-02-26.
[67] John S, Michael R. Coagulants for pitch removal in recycling of paper broke from coated stocks[P]. EP:444 788,1991-10-04.
[68] Collins J H, Fong D F, Sommese A G, et al. Vinylamine polymers and coagulants for removing color from paper mill effluents[P]. US:5435921,1995-07-25.
[69]顾学芳,张跃军,陈伟忠,等.阳离子絮凝剂PDA的合成与应用研究—对废纸再生造纸废水的处理(I)[J]工业水处理,2001,21(1)：22-25.
[70] Golubeva I A, Gromov V F. Stabilization of cationic acrylamide polymers designed to enhance oil recovery [J]. Int J Polym Mater,1994,24 (1-4):85-89.
[71] Toru Y, Daisuke M. Direct hair dye composition [P]. EP:503507,1992-09-16.
[72] Sarkar J S, Cosper D R. Application of enzymes and flocculants for enhancing the freeness of paper making pulp [P]. US:5169497,1992-11-08.
[73] Peter G, Patricia W, Me Gee Tom J. Shampoo comprising anionic surfactants and film forming polymer [P]. EP:437114,1991-07-17.
[74] Tsutomus S, Asami M. Hair cosmetics containing siloxanes and polymer [P]. JP:059291,1993-04-16.
[75] Toru Y, Daisuke M, Direct hair dye composition [P]. EP:503507,1992-10-16.
[76] Rainer F, Gerhard M. Oxiative after treatment composition for hair wave setting [P]. DE:4131992, 1993-04-01.
[77] Tsutomu S, Hiroyuki S. Two component foam type hair sprays containing cationic polymers and anionic surfactants [P]. JP:05229922,1993-10-07.
[78]Yuichi T, Makoto Y, Mika I. Liquid body cleansers containing cationic and polymer, glucose derivatives and fatty acid soaps [P]. JP:03227914,1991-10-08.
[79] M. D. Croucher, M. A. Winnik, Nato. Asiser Ser. E, (Future Dir Polym. Colloid),1987,138,209.
[80] D. W. Osmond, J. Chem. Ind (London),1974,22,891.
[81] H. R. Thomas, Farbe&Lack,1971,77,525.
[82] Tseng C M, Lu Y Y, El-Aasser M S, et al. Uniform polymer particles by dispersion polymerization in alcohol [J]. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A:Polymer Chemistry,1986,24:2995-3007.
[83] Shen S, Sudol ED, EI-Aasser MS.. Control of partical size in dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate [J]. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A:Polymer Chemistry,1993,31:1393-.
[84] Biswajit R, Broja M. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide:Part Ⅱ.2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile initiator[J]. J Polym Sci, Part A:Polym Chem,1999,37 (4):493.
[85] Y.Y. Lu, M.S. Elaasser, J. W. Vanderhoff, J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed.,1988,26(6),1187.
[86] C. K. Ober, K. P. Lok. Macromolecules,1987,20 (2),268.
[87] C.M.Tseng, Y. Y. Lu, M.S. Elaasser, et al. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed.,1986,24 (11),2995.
[88] K. E. J. Barrett, Br. Polym. J.1973,5,259.
[89] K. Cao, J. Yu, B. G. Li, et al., Chem Eng J,2000,78 (2-3),211.
[90] B. Hirzinger, M. Helmstedt, J. Stejskal, Polymer,2000,41,2883.
[91]罗正平,张秋禹,等.分散聚合研究[J].高分子学报,2002(5):35
[92] Lu Y Y, El-AasserM S, Vanderhoff J W. Dispersion polymerization of sty rene in ethanol:Monomer partitioning behavior and locus of polymerization[J], Polym Sci PartB, Polym Phys,1988,26(6):1187.
[93] Lok K P, Ober C K. Can J Chem,1985,63 (1):209.
[94] Paine A J, Luymes W, Mcnulty J. Macromolecules,1990,23 (12):3104.
[95] Araujo P H H, Pinto J C. Braz J Chem Eng,2000,17 (4-7):383.
[96] Kawaguch i S, Winnik W A. Macromolecules 1995,28:1159.
[97] Ahmed S F, Poehlein G W. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,1997,36 (7):2605.
[98] Cao K, Li B F, Huang Y, et al. Macromol. Symp.,2000,150:187.
[99] Yasuda M, Sek i H, Yokoyama H, et al. Macromolecules,2001,34 (10):3261.
[100] Barren K E J (Ed). Dispersion polymerization in organic media[J], New York:Wiley Interscienc,1975.
[101] Ray B, Mandal B M. Dispersion polymerization of acry lamide, Langmuir,1997.13:2191.
[102]汪威,刘莲英,黄振华,杨万泰.紫外光引发丙烯酰胺分散聚合研究.高分子学报,2005,3:320.
[103] Ray B, Mandal BM. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide:part II 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile initiator. Journal of polymer science:part A:polymer chemistry,1999,37(4):493.
[104] Guha S, Ray B, Mandal BM, Anomalous solubility of polyacrylamide prepared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous tert-butyl alcohol. Journal of polymer science:part A:olymer chemistry,2001,39(19):3434.
[105] Ye Q, He WD, Ge XW et al.Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by radiation-induced dispersion polymerization. I. Synthesis and polymerization kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci,2002,86:2567.
[106] Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H et al. Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by Radiation- induced dispersion polymerization:Paticle size and size distribution. Journal of colloid and Interface science,2002,253: 279.
[107] Ye Q, Zhang Z C, Ge X W. Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by dispersion polymerization:Particle size and size distribution, polym international,2003,52:707.
[108]韩磊,宁荣昌,谢钢,颜红侠,张秋禹.分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液.功能高分子学报,2004,17(3):493.
[109] Cho M S, Yoon K J, Song B K. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate:synthesis and characterization, J Appl polym sci,2002,83 (7):1397.
[110]邓敏,扈蓉,何培新,等.水溶液单体分散聚合的研究进展,胶体与聚合物,2005,4:35.
[111] Song BK, Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Lee DC. J Appl Polym Sci 2003,87(7):1101.
[112]曹同玉,戴兵.分散聚合稳定机理及动力学研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,1998,14(1):31.
[113] Zhang B, Zhu C, Guo T. Modern Polymer Science. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
[114] Ni H, Kawaguchi H. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2004; 42 (11):2833.
[115] Ray B, Mandal BM. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in methanol/water media[J]. Macromolecular Research,2002,10(3):142.
[116]王晓春,王共远,逾桂云,等.阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的合成及水质对其影响的研究,化学推进剂与高分子材料,2004,2(5)：42.
[117] Croucher M D,Winnik M A. The preparation of micron-size polymer particles in nonpolar media(J). J Colloid and Interface Sci,1987,119(10):559.
[118] Prokes J,Ki-ivka 1, Stejskal J. Control of electrical properties of polyanili ne[J]. Polym Int,1997,43 (2):117.
[119] Song B K, Cho M S, Yoon K J. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic comonomer in aqueous solution. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2003,87(7):1101.
[120] Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW. J polym Sci Part B:polym phys,1988,26(6):1187.
[121] Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H, He W, Ge X. Polym Int,2003,52(5):707.
[122] Dongnian Chen, Xiaoguang Liu, Yumei Yue, Wende Zhang, Pixin Wang. Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic monomer in aqueous salts solution. European Polymer Journal, 2006,42(6):1284.
[123] Guha S, Mandal BM. J Colloid and Interf Sci 2004; 271(1):55.
[124] Ray B, Mandal BM. Langmuir 1997; 13(8):2191.
[125] Ray B, Mandal BM. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 1999; 37, (4):493.
[126] Guha S, Ray B, Mandal BM. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2001; 39(19):3434.
[127]韩磊,宁荣昌,谢钢,颜红侠,张秋禹.分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液.功能高分子学报,2004,17(3)：493.
[128]崔玉,张书香,杨金虎.济南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,16(4):327.
[129] Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW. J polym Sci Part B:polym phys,1988,26(6):1187.
[130] Lee K C, Lee S E, Choi Y J, Song B K. Macromolecular Research,2004,12 (2):213.
[131] Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Song BK. J Appl Polym Sci 2002; 83(7):1397.
[132]陈冬年,刘晓光,岳玉梅,张文德,王丕新,硫酸铵水溶液中丙烯酰胺与正离子单体的分散共聚研究,高分子学报,2006,(9):1074.
[133]郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,2007,24(2):129.
[134]陈庆芬,许军,王传兴,戈成岳,武玉民,水分散聚合法制备DMDAAC/AM共聚物,高校化学工程学报,2007,21(4)：705.
[135] Song BK, Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Lee DC. J Appl Polym Sci 2003; 87(7):1101.
[136] Ni H, Kawaguchi H. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2004; 42 (11):2833.
[137] Paine A J. Dispersion polymerization of styrene in polar solvent 1.Grafting mechanism of stabilization by hydroxypropyl cellulose[J]. Colloid Interface Sci,1990,138:157.
[138] Ober C K, Lok K P. Formation of large monodisperse copolymer particles by dispersion polymerization. Macromolecules,1987,20:268.
[139]史俊杰,孙宗华.功能高分子微球研究一分散聚合法合成u级聚苯乙烯微球.功能高分子学报,1990,3(2):105.
[140] Douglas S J, Illum T, Davis S S. Particle size and size distribution of poly(butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles.Colloid Interface Sci,1985,103:154.
[141] Patrick L, Alain G. Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization, Part xxi-kinetics of styrene dispersion polymerization stabilized with poly (ethylene oxide) macromonomers. Polym Adv Tech,1997,8:601.
[142] Liu J, Gan L M,Chew C H, et al. The particle size of latexes from dispersion polymerization of styrene using polyethylene oxide macromonomers as a polymerizable stabilizer. Polym Sci, PartA:Polym Chem,1997,35: 3575.
[143] Shay J S, English R J, Spontak R J. Dispersion polymerization of polystyrene latex stabilized with novel grafted poly(ethyle glyol) macromers in 1-propanol/water. Macromolecules,2000,33 (18):6664.
[144] Ishizu K, Shiratori S. Microsphere synthesis by dispersion copolymerizations using poly(t-butyl methacrylate) macromonomers in nonaqueous medi, Colloid Interf Sci,2001,236(2):266.
[145] Wang, Zhao. Synthesis and characterization of PAA-g-NPEO copolymers and evaluation as dispersants in dispersion polymerization of acrylamide[J]. Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2005,21(3):89.
[146] Yildiz U, Hazer B. Makromol Chem,1999,265:16.
[147] Ye Q, Zhang Z, Ge X. J Appl Polym Sci,2003,89(8):2108.
[148] Thomson B, Rudin A, Lsjole G. J Polym Sci PartA:Polym Chem,1995,33(3):345.
[149]Canelas DA, Betts DE, DeSimone JM. Macromolecules,1996,29(8):2818.
[150] Lepilleur C, Beckman E J. Macromolecules,1997,30 (4):745.
[151]林莉萍.水性涂料.新技术新工艺,2001,(12):34.
[152]GB/T 12005.10-1992聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定粘度法
[153]二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征[J].化工进展,2003,07:731.
[154] Guha S, Ray B, Mandal B M. Anomalous solubility of polyacryl2 amide p repared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous tert2butyl alcohol[J]. Journal of Polymer Science:PartA:Polymer Chemistry,2001,39 (19):3434.
[155]刘金辉,李效玉,焦书科.高分子学报[J].1995,4:472.
[156] Ye Q, Zhang Z, J ia H, et al. Formation of monodisperse polyac2 rylamide particles by Radiation2Induced dispersion polymerization particle size and size distribution[J]. J Colloid Interface Sci,2002,253:279.
[157]潘阻仁.高分子化学.北京：化学工业出版社,1996.91.
[158] Hagiopol C. Copolymerization toward a systematic approach. New York:Plenum Publishers, Kluwer Academic,1999.
[159]陈庆芬,许军,王传兴,戈成岳,武玉民.水分散聚合法制备DMDAAC/AM共聚物.高校化学工程学报,2007,8.
[160]张万忠,乔学亮,陈建国,李绵贵.水溶性偶氮引发体系引发DMDAAC-AM共聚合.应用化学,2005,22(7):749.
[161]郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明。AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,.2007,24(2):129.
[162]曹康丽,史铁钧,曹金燕,周丹红,李海芹.分散聚合法制备单分散聚丙烯酰胺微球——反应动力学、分子量研究.化工科技市场,2006,29(11)：38.
[163]张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯内基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002(9):521.
[164]二甲基二烯内基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征[J].化工进展,2003,07:731.
[165]徐雄立AM-DMDAAC共聚物的合成[J].合成化学,2003-11-11.
[166] Suparna Guha and Broja M.Mandal. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide Partial isopropyl ester of poly(vinyl methyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride)as a stabilizer Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,271: 55.
[167]黄鹤,李建宗,廖水姣.非水分散聚合[J].中国胶粘剂,1996,6(2).
[168]叶强,张志成,葛学武.分散聚合的研究进展.高分子材料科学与l工程,2004-05,20(3).
[169]张凯,雷毅,贾利军等.分散聚合及单分散聚合物微球制备技术.化学世界,2002.
[170] Barret K.E.J. (Ed.) Dispersion Polymerization In Organic Media [J]. New York, Interscience,1975.
[171]赵华章,岳钦艳,高宝玉,于慧,栾兆坤.阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC与P(DMDAAC-AM)的合成及分析.精细化工,2001,18(11):645.
[172]曹康丽,史铁钧,曹金燕,周丹红,李海芹.分散聚合法制备单分散聚丙烯酰胺微球——反应动力学分子量研究.化工科技市场,2006,29(11),38.
[173]郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,2007,24(2):129.
[174] Ray B., Mandal B. M.. Langmuir,1997(13):2191.
[175] Paine A J. Macromolecules.1990(23); 3104.
[176] Paine A J, Luymes W, McNulty J. Macromolecules,1990,23:3104.
[177] Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H, He W, Ge X. J Colloid Interface Sci,2002,253 (2):279.
[178] Ray B, Mandal BM. Langmuir,1997,13:2191
[179] Behari K, Taunk K, Das R. Polym Int,1998,46 (2):126
[180] Cowie JM. In:Allen G, Bevington JC, Booth C, Price C (eds) Comprehensive polymer science,1989, vol.3. Oxford:Pergamon Press, England.
[181] Tseng C M, Lu Y Y, El-Aasser M S, Vanderhoff J W. J Polym Sci, Part-A, Polym Chem Ed,1986,24:2005.
[182] Lok K P, Ober C K. Can J Chem,1985,63:209.
[183] Kuo SW, Kao HC, Chang FC. Polymer,2003,44:6873.
[184] Aguilar MR, Gallardo A, Fernandez MM, SanRoman J. Macromolecules,2002,35 (6):2036.
[185]于慧,高宝玉,邵秀梅,岳钦艳,赵华章,王凤艳,王艳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵聚合物的红外光谱研究.山东大学学报(自然科学版),2001,36(3)：330.
[186]洪山海.光谱解析法在有机化学中的应用.北京：科学出版社,1980:16.
[187]王正熙.聚合物红外光谱分析和鉴定.成都：四川大学出版社,1989:38.
[188]吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用[J].精细化工,2000,17(7)：386.
[189]李波,于慧,邵秀梅.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵及其聚合物的红外光谱研究,分析实验室,21(2)(2002)41.
[190]Hawthome,D.G.,Solomon,D.H..J Macromol Sci Chem,A10:923(1976).
[191] C. Vu and J. Cabestany, Characterization of cationic water-soluble polyacrylamide, J Appl Polym Sci,1991, 42:2587.
[192]荣国斌.波谱数据表——有机化合物的结构解析[M].上海：华东理工大学出版社,2002:221.
[193]吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,俞从正.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用.精细化工,2000,17(7)：386.
[194]张红,刘鸿.热分析技术在高分子材料研究中的应用[J].广州化工,2001,4:39.
[195]吴强,李晨曦,李学臣等.红外光谱法热分析液晶相变过程[J].高等学校化学学报,2001,(12):2123.
[196]周平华,许乾慰.热分析在高分子材料中的应用[J].上海塑料,2004,(3):36.
[197]陈镜泓,李传儒.热分析及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1985.
[198]王玉峰,胡惠仁.分散介质及分散剂对CPAM分散聚合反应的影响[J].造纸化学品,2007,19(6):23.
[199]胡金生,曹同玉等编.乳液聚合[M].北京化学工业出版社,第二版,1992:367.
[200]李勇,PDMDAAC-AM的反相乳液共聚研究[D].山东大学环境科学与工程学院,2005-05.
[201]潘祖仁.高分子化学(第2版)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997.
[202]夏卫红,曹萍.HYC絮凝剂在生化污泥脱水中应用的研究[J].上海应用技术学院学报,2002,9(2).
[203]汤继军,孔维琳,黄红杉.聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵对活性污泥的脱水性能研究.工业用水与废水,2001,32(6):27.
[204]杨波,赵榆林.阳离子型改性天然高分子絮凝剂对活性污泥脱水处理.工业水处理,1999,19(5):26.
[205] Chen F, Connors EJ. Preparation of acrylamide diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride copolymers [P]. CA: 20636561,1992-12-11.
[206]李克友,向福如.高分子合成原理及工艺学[M].1999,10.
1.崔丹.高分子絮凝剂的发展概况[J].广州化工,2002,30(4):83-94.
2. 李富生,胡星琪,段明,等.聚丙烯酰胺的合成技术及应用研究[J].应用化工,2002,31(5)：1-4.
3. 张黎明.高性能PAM类产品的研究—聚合产物分子量的提高[J].广州化工1996,24(4)：60-67.
4. 张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002,19(9)：521-527.
5. 赵华章,岳钦艳,高宝玉,等.阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC与P(AM-DMDAAC)的合成及分析[J].精细化工,2001,18(11)：645-648.
6. 常清,陈野.聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成及水处理絮凝效能研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(2)：168-172.
7. Kawakmi T, OTA M. Cationic copolymers as sludge dewatering agents [P]. JP09225500,1997-09-02.
8. Schuller WH, Price J A, Moore S J. Soluble copolymers of dially monomers [J]. J. Chem. Eng.,1959, (4):273-276.
9. Tanaka H. Copolymerization of cationic monomers with acrylamide in an aqueous solution [J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry, 1986(24):29-36.
10.王月,王刚,周厚安.有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成及性能评价[J].精细石油化工进展.2003(7):21-29.
11.申迎华,王孟,王志忠.两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成方法及应用进展[J].化工进展,2003,22(10)：1061-1065.
12. Toki H, Ito H, Abe K, et al. Wet-end Additives for papermaking [P]. JP03227494, 1991-10-08.
13. Nagamoto A, Imamura K. Preparation of Acrylamide based Amphoteric Polymers [P]. JP07233215,1995-04-15.
14. Ryan M S, Mayeda D K, Proverb R J, et al. Ampholytic Polymers, Polymeric micro-emulsions, Polymerization Method, and Use of Flocculant [P]. EP669349A1,1995-08-30.
15. Donaldson J D, Grimes S. Lifting the Scales From Our Pipes [J]. New Scientist, 1988,117(18):43-46.
16.吴福梅.阳离子型絮凝剂丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物的合成研究[D].北京：北京化工大学,2006.
17.吕生华,俞从正,章川波,等.阳离子高分子絮凝剂的制备与应用[J].西北轻工业学院学报,2000,18(3)：18-22.
18.张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002,(9)：521-527.
19.俞益平.二烯丙基类聚合物的研制和在石油开采中的应用[J].油田化学,1991,8(3)：194-199.
20. Hawthome D G, Solomon D H. [J]. Macromol. Sci. Chem.,1976, A10:923.
21.GB/T 12005.10-1992,聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定-粘度法[S].
22. Gartner H A. Process for the production of high molecular weight copolymers of diallylammonium monomers and acrylamide monomer insolution [P].US5110833, 1992-05-05.
23. Bulter GB. Method of enchancing polymerization of diallyldimethylamonium compounds to produce high molecular weight polymers [P]. US4742134, 1998-10-22.
24. Chester D Szymanski, Dennis Neigel. [P]. US4517351,1985-05-14.
25.潘祖仁.高分子化学(第2版)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997:234.
26.张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展.精细化工,2002,19(9)：521-527.
27. MinsKL M, Kotlarchik C, Meyer GN, et al. [M]. Polym. Chem. Ed.,1974:133.
28.岳钦艳,李勇,高宝玉,等PDMDAAC-AM共聚物的反相乳液聚合研究.山东大学学报(理学版),2004,39(6)：86-89.
29.曹同玉,刘庆普,胡金生著,聚合物乳液合成原理性能及应用,化学工业出版社,1997年版.
30. Chen F, Connors EJ. Preparation of acrylamide diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride copolymers [P]. CA20636561,1992-12-11.
31. Kozakoewicz JJ, David WL. Preparation of cationic micro emulsified polymers [P]. EP:374457,1990-06-27.
32. Matias H, Werner J, Wesley W. Verzweigte wasserlsiche acrylamid copolymere mit hohem molekulargewicht und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung [P]. DE:19524869,1997-01-09.
33. Lawrence LK, Roger YL. Water soluble cationic copolymers and their use as flocculents [P]. US:5529699,1995-04-18.
34. Kozakiewicz Joseph J, Lipp David Wesley. [P]. EP374457,1990-06-27.
35.田华.微乳阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的研制[J].化工科技,2000,(2):35-36.
36.罗正平,张秋禹,谢钢,等.分散聚合研究.高分子通报,2002,(5):35-40.
37.卢江.高分子化学.梁晖.北京：化学工业出版社,2005:93.
38. Subramanian R, Zhu S, Pelton RH. Synthesis and flocculation performance of graft and random copolymer microgels of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammniumchloride [J]. Colloid. Polym. Sci,1997,277(10): 939-946.
39. Kiyoshi S, Susumu H, Toshio V. Polymer copolymers form at least one diallylamine derivative [P]. Ger Offern:2416675,1974-10-31.
40.李勇.PDMDAAC-AM的反相乳液共聚研究[D].济南：山东大学,2005.
41.永泽满(日).高分子水处理剂(下)第1版[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1983.
42. MathiasH, Werner J, Christine W, etal. High molecular weight, water soluble polyammonium compounds [P]. Ger(East):127729,1977-10-12.
43.李克友,向福如.高分子合成原理及工艺学.科学出版社1999.10
44.谭明乾,张跃军,曲文超DMDAAC/AM共聚物合成及其絮凝性能[J].化工时刊,1999,(12)：15-17.
45. Paramjit S, Mashur G, Dispersed phase copolymerization of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride inxylene [J]. J PolymMater,1997,14(1): 57-63.
46.赵华章,高宝玉,岳钦艳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)聚合物的研究进展[J].工业水处理,1999,19(6)：1-4.
47.罗文利,牛亚斌,欧阳坚,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺水溶液工共聚合[J].油田化学,1998,15(3)：193-196.
48. W. Jaeger, M. Hahn, Ch. Wandrey et al. [J]. Macromol. Sci-chem.,1984, A21(5): 593-614.
49. Tanaka H. Copolymerization of cationic monomer with acylamide in an aqueous solution [J]. Journal of polymer Science,1986(24):29-36.
50.严瑞,鲍其鼐.聚丙烯酰胺的性能和应用[J].石油化工,1984,13(12):807-815.
51.侯斯健,哈润华.二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵—丙烯酰胺反相乳液聚合的动力学特征研究[J].高分子学报,1995,(3)：349-354.
52. Kurenkov VK, Abramova LI. Homogeneous polymerization of acrylamide in solution [J].Polym Plast Technol Eng,1992,31(7-8):659-704.
53.陆兴章,高华星.HG型高分子絮凝剂的絮凝性能及其应用研究[J].环境污染与防治,1994,16(6):6-10.
54.GB/T12005.3—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测定法[S].溴化法.
55.GB/T12005.5—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测定法[S].气相色谱法.
56.GB/T12005.4—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测法[S].液相色谱法.
57.张瑾,张书香,李春生,等.紫外分光光度法测定聚丙烯酰胺中丙烯酰胺的残留量[J].化学世界,1999,(12):652-655.
58.江霜英,高廷耀.高效液相色谱法测定聚丙烯酰胺中的单体[J].同济大学学报,2000,28(2)：228-230.
59.吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用[J].精细化工,2000,17(7)：386-387.
60. Huang SS. Evaluation of chemical structurel heterogeneity of cationic acrylamide copolyers by high performance liquid chromatography [J].J Chromatogr,1991,536(1-2):203-209.
61.岳钦艳,赵华章,高宝玉.利用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察PDMDAAC系列絮凝剂的结构形貌[J].山东大学学报(理学版).2002.04.
62.严瑞煊,水溶性高分子,化学工业出版社,1998
63.陆林玮,精细石油化工进展,第一卷,第一期,2000,4:45-48
64. Werner J, Ulrich G, Monika J, et al. Flotation agent and method for treatment of oil2containing wastewaters [P]. DD:294422,1991-10-02.
65. Syrinek A R. Removal of silver from aqueous systems [P]. US:5205939 1993-04-27.
66. Tefft E R. Diallyldimethylammonium chloride2acrylamide copolymers as deinkers[P]. EP:172684,1986-02-26.
67. John S, Michael R. Coagulants for pitch removal in recycling of paper broke from coated stocks[P]. EP:444788,1991-10-04.
68. Collins J H, Fong D F, Sommese A G, et al. Vinylamine polymers and coagulants for removing color from paper mill effluents[P]. US:5435921,1995-07-25.
69.顾学芳,张跃军,陈伟忠,等.阳离子絮凝剂PDA的合成与应用研究—对废纸再生造纸废水的处理(I)[J].工业水处理,2001,21(1):22-25.
70. Golubeva I A, Gromov V F. Stabilization of cationic acrylamide polymers designed to enhance oil recovery [J]. Int J Polym Mater,1994,24 (1-4):85-89.
71. Toru Y, Daisuke M. Direct hair dye composition [P]. EP:503507,1992-09-16.
72. Sarkar J S, Cosper D R. Application of enzymes and flocculants for enhancing the freeness of paper making pulp [P]. US:5169497,1992-11-08.
73. Peter G, Patricia W, Mc Gee Tom J. Shampoo comprising anionic surfactants and film forming polymer [P]. EP:437114,1991-07-17.
74. Tsutomus S, Asami M. Hair cosmetics containing siloxanes and polymer [P]. JP: 059291,1993-04-16.
75. Toru Y, Daisuke M, Direct hair dye composition [P]. EP:503507,1992-10-16.
76. Rainer F, Gerhard M. Oxiative after treatment composition for hair wave setting [P].DE:4131992,1993-04-01.
77. Tsutomu S, Hiroyuki S. Two component foam type hair sprays containing cationic polymers and anionic surfactants [P]. JP:05229922,1993-10-07.
78. []Yuichi T, Makoto Y, Mika I. Liquid body cleansers containing cationic and polymer, glucose derivatives and fatty acid soaps [P]. JP:03227914,1991-10-08.
79. M. D. Croucher, M. A. Winnik, Nato. Asiser Ser. E, (Future Dir Polym. Colloid), 1987,138,209.
80. D. W. Osmond, J. Chem. Ind (London),1974,22,891.
81. H. R. Thomas, Farbe&Lack,1971,77,525.
82. Tseng C M, Lu Y Y, El-Aasser M S, et al. Uniform polymer particles by dispersion polymerization in alcohol [J]. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry,1986,24:2995-3007.
83. Shen S, Sudol ED, EI-Aasser MS.. Control of partical size in dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate [J]. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry,1993,31:1393-
84. Biswajit R, Broja M. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide:Part Ⅱ.2,2 azobisisobutyronitrile initiator[J]. J Polym Sci, Part A:Polym Chem,1999,37 (4):493.
85. Y.Y. Lu, M.S. Elaasser, J. W. Vanderhoff, J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed.,1988, 26(6),1187.
86. C. K. Ober, K. P. Lok. Macromolecules,1987,20 (2),268.
87. C.M.Tseng, Y. Y. Lu, M.S. Elaasser, et al. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed.,1986, 24 (11),2995.
88. K. E. J. Barrett, Br. Polym. J.1973,5,259.
89. K. Cao, J. Yu, B. G. Li, et al., Chem Eng J,2000,78 (2-3),211.
90. B. Hirzinger, M. Helmstedt, J. Stejskal, Polymer,2000,41,2883.
91.罗正平,张秋禹,等.分散聚合研究[J].高分子学报,2002(5)：35
92. Lu Y Y, El-AasserM S, Vanderhoff J W. Dispersion polymerization of sty rene in ethanol:Monomer partitioning behavior and locus of polymerization[J], Polym Sci PartB, Polym Phys,1988,26(6):1187.
93. Lok K P, Ober C K. Can J Chem,1985,63 (1):209.
94. Paine A J, Luymes W, Mcnulty J. Macromolecules,1990,23 (12):3104.
95. Araujo P H H, Pinto J C. Braz J Chem Eng,2000,17 (4-7):383.
96. Kawaguch i S, Winnik W A. Macromolecules 1995,28:1159.
97. Ahmed S F, Poehlein G W. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,1997,36 (7):2605.
98. Cao K, Li B F, Huang Y, et al. Macromol. Symp.,2000,150:187.
99. Yasuda M, Sek i H, Yokoyama H, et al. Macromolecules,2001,34 (10):3261.
100.Barren K E J (Ed). Dispersion polymerization in organic media[J], New York: Wiley Interscienc,1975.
101.Ray B, Mandal B M. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide, Langmuir,1997. 13:2191.
102.汪威,刘莲英,黄振华,杨万泰.紫外光引发丙烯酰胺分散聚合研究.高分子学报,2005,3：320.
103.Ray B, Mandal BM. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide:part II 2,2' azobisisobutyronitrile initiator. Journal of polymer science:part A:polymer chemistry,1999,37(4):493.
104.Guha S, Ray B, Mandal BM, Anomalous solubility of polyacrylamide prepared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous tert-butyl alcohol. Journal of polymer science:part A:olymer chemistry,2001,39(19):3434.
105.Ye Q, He WD, Ge XW et al.Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by radiation-induced dispersion polymerization. I. Synthesis and polymerization kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci,2002,86:2567.
106.Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H et al. Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by Radiation-induced dispersion polymerization:Paticle size and size distribution. Journal of colloid and Interface science,2002,253:279.
107. Ye Q, Zhang Z C, Ge X W. Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by dispersion polymerization:Particle size and size distribution, polym international,2003,52:707.
108.韩磊,宁荣昌,谢钢,颜红侠,张秋禹.分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液.功能高分子学报,2004,17(3):493.
109.Cho M S, Yoon K J, Song B K. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate:synthesis and characterization, J Appl polym sci,2002,83 (7):1397.
110.邓敏,扈蓉,何培新,等.水溶液单体分散聚合的研究进展,胶体与聚合物,2005.4：35.
111.Song BK, Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Lee DC. J Appl Polym Sci 2003,87(7):1101.
112.曹同玉,戴兵.分散聚合稳定机理及动力学研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,1998,14(1)：31.
113.Zhang B, Zhu C, Guo T. Modern Polymer Science. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
114.Ni H, Kawaguchi H. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2004; 42 (11):2833.
115.Ray B, Mandal BM. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in methanol/water media[J]. Macromolecular Research,2002,10 (3):142.
116.王晓春,王共远,逾桂云,等.阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的合成及水质对其影响的研究,化学推进剂与高分子材料,2004,2(5):42.
117.Croucher M D,Winnik M A. The preparation of micron-size polymer particles in nonpolar media(J). J Colloid and Interface Sci,1987,119(10):559.
118.Prokes J,Ki-ivka I, Stejskal J. Control of electrical properties of polyanili ne[J]. Polym Int,1997,43 (2):117.
119.Song B K, Cho M S, Yoon K J. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic comonomer in aqueous solution. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2003,87(7):1101.
120.Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW. J polym Sci Part B:polym phys,1988, 26(6):1187.
121.Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H, He W, Ge X. Polym Int,2003,52(5):707.
122.Dongnian Chen, Xiaoguang Liu, Yumei Yue, Wende Zhang, Pixin Wang. Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic monomer in aqueous salts solution. European Polymer Journal,2006,42(6): 1284.
123.Guha S, Mandal BM. J Colloid and Interf Sci 2004; 271(1):55.
124.Ray B, Mandal BM. Langmuir 1997; 13(8):2191.
125.Ray B, Mandal BM. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 1999; 37, (4):493.
126.Guha S, Ray B, Mandal BM. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2001; 39(19): 3434.
127.韩磊,宁荣昌,谢钢,颜红侠,张秋禹.分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液.功能高分子学报,2004,17(3)：493.
128.崔玉,张书香,杨金虎.济南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,16(4):327.
129.Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW. J polym Sci Part B:polym phys,1988, 26(6):1187.
130.Lee K C, Lee S E, Choi Y J, Song B K. Macromolecular Research,2004,12 (2): 213.
131.Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Song BK. J Appl Polym Sci 2002; 83(7):1397.
132.陈冬年,刘晓光,岳玉梅,张文德,王丕新,硫酸铵水溶液中丙烯酰胺与正离子单体的分散共聚研究,高分子学报,2006,(9):1074.
133.郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,2007,24(2)：129.
134.陈庆芬,许军,王传兴,戈成岳,武玉民,水分散聚合法制备DMDAAC/AM共聚物,高校化学工程学报,2007,21(4)：705.
135.Song BK, Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Lee DC. J Appl Polym Sci 2003; 87(7):1101.
136.Ni H, Kawaguchi H. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2004; 42 (11):2833.
137.Paine A J. Dispersion polymerization of styrene in polar solvent 1.Grafting mechanism of stabilization by hydroxypropyl cellulose[J]. Colloid Interface Sci, 1990,138:157.
138.Ober C K, Lok K P. Formation of large monodisperse copolymer particles by dispersion polymerization. Macromolecules,1987,20:268.
139.史俊杰,孙宗华.功能高分子微球研究一分散聚合法合成u级聚苯乙烯微球.功能高分子学报,1990,3(2)：105.
140.Douglas S J, Illum T, Davis S S. Particle size and size distribution of poly(butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles.Colloid Interface Sci,1985,103:154.
141.Patrick L, Alain G. Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization, Part xxi-kinetics of styrene dispersion polymerization stabilized with poly (ethylene oxide) macromonomers. Polym Adv Tech,1997,8:601.
142.Liu J, Gan L M,Chew C H, et al. The particle size of latexes from dispersion polymerization of styrene using polyethylene oxide macromonomers as a polymerizable stabilizer. Polym Sci, PartA:Polym Chem,1997,35:3575.
143.Shay J S, English R J, Spontak R J. Dispersion polymerization of polystyrene latex stabilized with novel grafted poly(ethyle glyol) macromers in 1-propanol/water. Macromolecules,2000,33 (18):6664.
144.Ishizu K, Shiratori S. Microsphere synthesis by dispersion copolymerizations using poly(t-butyl methacrylate) macromonomers in nonaqueous medi, Colloid Interf Sci,2001,236(2):266.
145.Wang, Zhao. Synthesis and characterization of PAA-g-NPEO copolymers and evaluation as dispersants in dispersion polymerization of acrylamide[J]. Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2005,21(3):89.
146.Yildiz U, Hazer B. Makromol Chem,1999,265:16.
147.Ye Q, Zhang Z, Ge X. J Appl Polym Sci,2003,89(8):2108.
148.Thomson B, Rudin A, Lsjole G. J Polym Sci PartA:Polym Chem,1995,33(3): 345.
149.[]Canelas DA, Betts DE, DeSimone JM. Macromolecules,1996,29(8):2818.
150.Lepilleur C, Beckman E J. Macromolecules,1997,30 (4):745.
151.林莉萍.水性涂料.新技术新工艺,2001,(12):34.
152.GB/T 12005.10-1992聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定粘度法
153.[]二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征[J].化工进展,2003,07:731.
154.Guha S, Ray B, Mandal B M. Anomalous solubility of polyacryl2 amide p repared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous tert2butyl alcohol [J]. Journal of Polymer Science:PartA:Polymer Chemistry,2001,39 (19):3434.
155.刘金辉,李效玉,焦书科。高分子学报[J],1995,4:472.
156.Ye Q, Zhang Z, J ia H, et al. Formation of monodisperse polyac2 rylamide particles by Radiation2Induced dispersion polymerization particle size and size distribution[J]. J Colloid Interface Sci,2002,253:279.
157.潘阻仁.高分子化学.北京：化学工业出版社,1996.91.
158.Hagiopol C. Copolymerization toward a systematic approach. New York:Plenum Publishers, Kluwer Academic,1999.
159.陈庆芬,许军,王传兴,戈成岳,武玉民.水分散聚合法制备DMDAAC/AM共聚物.高校化学工程学报,2007,8.
160.张万忠,乔学亮,陈建国,李绵贵.水溶性偶氮引发体系引发DMDAAC-AM共聚合.应用化学,2005,22(7)：749.
161.郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,.2007,24(2)：129.
162.曹康丽,史铁钧,曹金燕,周丹红,李海芹.分散聚合法制备单分散聚丙烯酰胺微球——反应动力学、分子量研究.化工科技市场,2006,29(11):38.
163.张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002(9)：521.
164.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征[J].化工进展,2003,07:731.
165.徐雄立AM-DMDAAC共聚物的合成[J].合成化学,2003-11-11.
166.Suparna Guha and Broja M.Mandal. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide Partial isopropyl ester of poly(vinyl methyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride)as a stabilizer Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,271:55.
167.黄鹤,李建宗,廖水姣.非水分散聚合[J].中国胶粘剂,1996,6(2).
168.叶强,张志成,葛学武.分散聚合的研究进展.高分子材料科学与工程,2004-05,20(3).
169.张凯,雷毅,贾利军等.分散聚合及单分散聚合物微球制备技术.化学世界,2002.
170.Barret K.E.J. (Ed.) Dispersion Polymerization In Organic Media [J]. New York, Interscience,1975.
171.赵华章,岳钦艳,高宝玉,于慧,栾兆坤.阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC与P(DMDAAC-AM)的合成及分析.精细化工,2001,18(11)：645.
172.曹康丽,史铁钧,曹金燕,周丹红,李海芹.分散聚合法制备单分散聚丙烯酰胺微球——反应动力学、分子量研究.化工科技市场,2006,29(11),38.
173.郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,2007,24(2)：129.
174.Ray B., Mandal B. M.. Langmuir,1997(13):2191.
175.Paine A J. Macromolecules.1990(23); 3104.
176.Paine A J, Luymes W, McNulty J. Macromolecules,1990,23:3104.
177.Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H, He W, Ge X. J Colloid Interface Sci,2002,253 (2):279.
178.Ray B, Mandal BM. Langmuir,1997,13:2191
179.Behari K, Taunk K, Das R. Polym Int,1998,46 (2):126
180.Cowie JM. In:Allen G, Bevington JC, Booth C, Price C (eds) Comprehensive polymer science,1989, vol.3. Oxford:Pergamon Press, England.
181.Tseng C M, Lu Y Y, El-Aasser M S, Vanderhoff J W. J Polym Sci, Part-A, Polym Chem Ed,1986,24:2005.
182.Lok K P, Ober C K. Can J Chem,1985,63:209.
183.Kuo SW, Kao HC, Chang FC. Polymer,2003,44:6873.
184.Aguilar MR, Gallardo A, Fernandez MM, SanRoman J. Macromolecules,2002, 35 (6):2036.
185.于慧,高宝玉,邵秀梅,岳钦艳,赵华章,王凤艳,王艳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵聚合物的红外光谱研究.山东大学学报(自然科学版),2001,36(3):330.
186.洪山海.光谱解析法在有机化学中的应用.北京：科学出版社,1980:16.
187.王正熙.聚合物红外光谱分析和鉴定.成都：四川大学出版社,1989:38.
188.吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用[J].精细化工,2000,17(7)：386.
189.李波,于慧,邵秀梅.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵及其聚合物的红外光谱研究,分析实验室,21(2)(2002)41.
190.Hawthome, D. G, Solomon, D. H.. J Macromol Sci Chem, A10:923 (1976).
191.C. Vu and J. Cabestany, Characterization of cationic water-soluble polyacrylamide, J Appl Polym Sci,1991,42:2587.
192.荣国斌.波谱数据表——有机化合物的结构解析[M].上海：华东理工大学出版社,2002:221.
193.吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,俞从正.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚 物的结构表征及应用.精细化工,2000,17(7):386.
194.张红,刘鸿.热分析技术在高分子材料研究中的应用[J].广州化工,2001,4:39.
195.吴强,李晨曦,李学臣等.红外光谱法热分析液晶相变过程[J].高等学校化学学报,2001,(12)：2123.
196.周平华,许乾慰.热分析在高分子材料中的应用[J].上海塑料,2004,(3):36.
197.陈镜泓,李传儒.热分析及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1985.
198.王玉峰,胡惠仁.分散介质及分散剂对CPAM分散聚合反应的影响[J].造纸化学品,2007,19(6)：23.
199.胡金生,曹同玉等编.乳液聚合[M].北京化学工业出版社,第二版,1992:367.
200.李勇,PDMDAAC-AM的反相乳液共聚研究[D].山东大学环境科学与工程学院，2005-05.
201.潘祖仁.高分子化学(第2版)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997.
202.夏卫红,曹萍.HYC絮凝剂在生化污泥脱水中应用的研究[J].上海应用技术学院学报,2002,9(2).
203.汤继军,孔维琳,黄红杉.聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵对活性污泥的脱水性能研究.工业用水与废水,2001,32(6)：27.
204.杨波,赵榆林.阳离子型改性天然高分子絮凝剂对活性污泥脱水处理.工业水处理,1999,19(5)：26.
205.Chen F, Connors EJ. Preparation of acrylamide diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride copolymers [P]. CA:20636561,1992-12-11.
206.李克友,向福如.高分子合成原理及工艺学[M],1999,10.
[2]李富生,胡星琪,段明,等.聚丙烯酰胺的合成技术及应用研究[J].应用化工,2002,31(5):1-4.
[3]张黎明.高性能PAM类产品的研究—聚合产物分子量的提高[J].广州化工,1996,24(4):60-67.
[4]张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002,19(9):521-527.
[5]赵华章,岳钦艳,高宝玉,等.阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC与P(AM-DMDAAC)的合成及分析[J].精细化工,2001,18(11)：645-648.
[6]常清,陈野.聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成及水处理絮凝效能研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(2):168-172.
[7] Kawakmi T, OTA M. Cationic copolymers as sludge dewatering agents [P]. JP09225500,1997-09-02.
[8] Schuller WH, Price J A, Moore S J. Soluble copolymers of dially monomers [J]. J. Chem. Eng.,1959, (4): 273-276.
[9] Tanaka H. Copolymerization of cationic monomers with acrylamide in an aqueous solution [J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry,1986(24):29-36.
[10]王月.王刚.周厚安.有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成及性能评价[J].精细石油化工进展.2003(7):21-29.
[11]申迎华,王孟,王志忠.两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成方法及应用进展[J].化工进展,2003,22(10):1061-1065.
[12] Toki H, Ito H, Abe K, et al. Wet-end Additives for papermaking [P]. JP03227494,1991-10-08.
[13] Nagamoto A, Imamura K. Preparation of Acrylamide based Amphoteric Polymers [P]. JP07233215, 1995-04-15.
[14] Ryan M S, Mayeda D K, Proverb R J, et al. Ampholytic Polymers, Polymeric micro-emulsions, Polymerization Method, and Use of Flocculant [P]. EP669349A1,1995-08-30.
[15] Donaldson J D, Grimes S. Lifting the Scales From Our Pipes [J]. New Scientist,1988,117(18):43-46.
[16]吴福梅.阳离子型絮凝剂丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物的合成研究[D].北京：北京化工学,2006.
[17]吕生华,俞从正,章川波,等.阳离子高分子絮凝剂的制备与应用[J].西北轻工业学院学报,2000,18(3):18-22.
[18]张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002,(9):521-527.
[19]俞益平.二烯丙基类聚合物的研制和在石油开采中的应用[J].油田化学,1991,8(3):194-199.
[20] Hawthome D G, Solomon D H. [J]. Macromol. Sci. Chem.,1976, A10:923.
[21]GB/T 12005.10-1992,聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定-粘度法[S].
[22] Gartner H A. Process for the production of high molecular weight copolymers of diallylammonium monomers and acrylamide monomer insolution [P].US5110833,1992-05-05.
[23] Bulter GB. Method of enchancing polymerization of diallyldimethylamonium compounds to produce high molecular weight polymers [P]. US4742134,1998-10-22.
[24] Chester D Szymanski, Dennis Neigel. [P]. US4517351,1985-05-14.
[25]潘祖仁.高分子化学(第2版)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997:234.
[26]张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展.精细化工,2002,19(9):521-527.
[27] MinsKL M, Kotlarchik C, Meyer GN, et al. [M]. Polym. Chem. Ed.,1974:133.
[28]岳钦艳,李勇,高宝玉,等PDMDAAC-AM共聚物的反相乳液聚合研究.山东大学学报(理学版),2004,39(6)：86-89.
[29]曹同玉,刘庆普,胡金生著,聚合物乳液合成原理性能及应用,化学工业出版社,1997年版.
[30] Chen F, Connors EJ. Preparation of acrylamide diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride copolymers [P]. CA20636561,1992-12-11.
[31] Kozakoewicz JJ, David WL. Preparation of cationic micro emulsified polymers [P]. EP:374457,1990-06-27.
[32] Matias H, Werner J, Wesley W. Verzweigte wasserlsiche acrylamid copolymere mit hohem molekulargewicht und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung [P]. DE:19524869,1997-01-09.
[33] Lawrence LK, Roger YL. Water soluble cationic copolymers and their use as flocculents [P]. US:5529699, 1995-04-18.
[34] Kozakiewicz Joseph J, Lipp David Wesley. [P]. EP374457,1990-06-27.
[35]田华.微乳阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的研制[J].化工科技,2000,(2):35-36.
[36]罗正平,张秋禹,谢钢,等.分散聚合研究.高分子通报,2002,(5):35-40.
[37]卢江.高分子化学.梁晖.北京：化学工业出版社,2005:93.
[38] Subramanian R, Zhu S, Pelton RH. Synthesis and flocculation performance of graft and random copolymer microgels of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammniumchloride [J]. Colloid. Polym. Sci,1997,277(10):939-946.
[39] Kiyoshi S, Susumu H, Toshio V. Polymer copolymers form at least one diallylamine derivative [P]. Ger Offern:2416675,1974-10-31.
[40]李勇PDMDAAC-AM的反相乳液共聚研究[D].济南：山东大学,2005.
[41]永泽满(日).高分子水处理剂(下)第1版[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1983.
[42] MathiasH, Werner J, Christine W, etal. High molecular weight, water soluble polyammonium compounds [P]. Ger(East):127729,1977-10-12.
[43]李克友,向福如.高分子合成原理及工艺学.科学出版社1999.10
[44]谭明乾,张跃军,曲文超DMDAAC/AM共聚物合成及其絮凝性能[J].化工时刊,1999,(12):15-17.
[45] Paramjit S, Mashur G, Dispersed phase copolymerization of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride inxylene [J]. J PolymMater,1997,14(1):57-63.
[46]赵华章,高宝玉,岳钦艳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)聚合物的研究进展[J].工业水处理,1999,19(6):1-4.
[47]罗文利,牛亚斌,欧阳坚,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺水溶液工共聚合[J].油田化学,1998,15(3)：193-196.
[48] W. Jaeger, M. Hahn, Ch. Wandrey et al. [J]. Macromol. Sci-chem.,1984, A21(5):593-614.
[49] Tanaka H. Copolymerization of cationic monomer with acylamide in an aqueous solution [J]. Journal of polymer Science,1986(24):29-36.
[50]严瑞,鲍其鼐.聚丙烯酰胺的性能和应用[J].石油化工,1984,13(12):807-815.
[51]侯斯健,哈润华.二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵—丙烯酰胺反相乳液聚合的动力学特征研究[J].高分子学报,1995,(3)：349-354.
[52] Kurenkov VK, Abramova LI. Homogeneous polymerization of acrylamide in solution [J].Polym Plast Technol Eng,1992,31(7-8):659-704.
[53]陆兴章,高华星.HG型高分子絮凝剂的絮凝性能及其应用研究[J].环境污染与防治,1994,16(6):6-10.
[54]GB/T12005.3—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测定法[S].溴化法.
[55]GB/T12005.5—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测定法[S].气相色谱法.
[56]GB/T12005.4—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测法[S].液相色谱法.
[57]张瑾,张书香,李春生,等.紫外分光光度法测定聚丙烯酰胺中丙烯酰胺的残留量[J].化学世界,1999,(12)：652-655.
[58]江霜英,高廷耀.高效液相色谱法测定聚丙烯酰胺中的单体[J].同济大学学报,2000,28(2):228-230.
[59]吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用[J].精细化工,2000,17(7)：386-387.
[60] Huang SS. Evaluation of chemical structurel heterogeneity of cationic acrylamide copolyers by high performance liquid chromatography [J].J Chromatogr,1991,536(1-2):203-209.
[61]岳钦艳,赵华章,高宝玉.利用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察PDMDAAC系列絮凝剂的结构形貌[J].山东大学学报(理学版).2002.04.
[62]严瑞煊,水溶性高分子,化学工业出版社,1998
[63]陆林玮,精细石油化工进展,第一卷,第一期,2000,4:45-48
[64] Werner J, Ulrich G, Monika J, et al. Flotation agent and method for treatment of oil2containing wastewaters [P]. DD:294 422,1991-10-02.
[65] Syrinek A R. Removal of silver from aqueous systems [P]. US:5205939,1993-04-27.
[66] Tefft E R. Diallyldimethylammonium chloride2acrylamide copolymers as deinkers[P]. EP:172 684,1986-02-26.
[67] John S, Michael R. Coagulants for pitch removal in recycling of paper broke from coated stocks[P]. EP:444 788,1991-10-04.
[68] Collins J H, Fong D F, Sommese A G, et al. Vinylamine polymers and coagulants for removing color from paper mill effluents[P]. US:5435921,1995-07-25.
[69]顾学芳,张跃军,陈伟忠,等.阳离子絮凝剂PDA的合成与应用研究—对废纸再生造纸废水的处理(I)[J]工业水处理,2001,21(1)：22-25.
[70] Golubeva I A, Gromov V F. Stabilization of cationic acrylamide polymers designed to enhance oil recovery [J]. Int J Polym Mater,1994,24 (1-4):85-89.
[71] Toru Y, Daisuke M. Direct hair dye composition [P]. EP:503507,1992-09-16.
[72] Sarkar J S, Cosper D R. Application of enzymes and flocculants for enhancing the freeness of paper making pulp [P]. US:5169497,1992-11-08.
[73] Peter G, Patricia W, Me Gee Tom J. Shampoo comprising anionic surfactants and film forming polymer [P]. EP:437114,1991-07-17.
[74] Tsutomus S, Asami M. Hair cosmetics containing siloxanes and polymer [P]. JP:059291,1993-04-16.
[75] Toru Y, Daisuke M, Direct hair dye composition [P]. EP:503507,1992-10-16.
[76] Rainer F, Gerhard M. Oxiative after treatment composition for hair wave setting [P]. DE:4131992, 1993-04-01.
[77] Tsutomu S, Hiroyuki S. Two component foam type hair sprays containing cationic polymers and anionic surfactants [P]. JP:05229922,1993-10-07.
[78]Yuichi T, Makoto Y, Mika I. Liquid body cleansers containing cationic and polymer, glucose derivatives and fatty acid soaps [P]. JP:03227914,1991-10-08.
[79] M. D. Croucher, M. A. Winnik, Nato. Asiser Ser. E, (Future Dir Polym. Colloid),1987,138,209.
[80] D. W. Osmond, J. Chem. Ind (London),1974,22,891.
[81] H. R. Thomas, Farbe&Lack,1971,77,525.
[82] Tseng C M, Lu Y Y, El-Aasser M S, et al. Uniform polymer particles by dispersion polymerization in alcohol [J]. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A:Polymer Chemistry,1986,24:2995-3007.
[83] Shen S, Sudol ED, EI-Aasser MS.. Control of partical size in dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate [J]. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A:Polymer Chemistry,1993,31:1393-.
[84] Biswajit R, Broja M. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide:Part Ⅱ.2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile initiator[J]. J Polym Sci, Part A:Polym Chem,1999,37 (4):493.
[85] Y.Y. Lu, M.S. Elaasser, J. W. Vanderhoff, J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed.,1988,26(6),1187.
[86] C. K. Ober, K. P. Lok. Macromolecules,1987,20 (2),268.
[87] C.M.Tseng, Y. Y. Lu, M.S. Elaasser, et al. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed.,1986,24 (11),2995.
[88] K. E. J. Barrett, Br. Polym. J.1973,5,259.
[89] K. Cao, J. Yu, B. G. Li, et al., Chem Eng J,2000,78 (2-3),211.
[90] B. Hirzinger, M. Helmstedt, J. Stejskal, Polymer,2000,41,2883.
[91]罗正平,张秋禹,等.分散聚合研究[J].高分子学报,2002(5):35
[92] Lu Y Y, El-AasserM S, Vanderhoff J W. Dispersion polymerization of sty rene in ethanol:Monomer partitioning behavior and locus of polymerization[J], Polym Sci PartB, Polym Phys,1988,26(6):1187.
[93] Lok K P, Ober C K. Can J Chem,1985,63 (1):209.
[94] Paine A J, Luymes W, Mcnulty J. Macromolecules,1990,23 (12):3104.
[95] Araujo P H H, Pinto J C. Braz J Chem Eng,2000,17 (4-7):383.
[96] Kawaguch i S, Winnik W A. Macromolecules 1995,28:1159.
[97] Ahmed S F, Poehlein G W. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,1997,36 (7):2605.
[98] Cao K, Li B F, Huang Y, et al. Macromol. Symp.,2000,150:187.
[99] Yasuda M, Sek i H, Yokoyama H, et al. Macromolecules,2001,34 (10):3261.
[100] Barren K E J (Ed). Dispersion polymerization in organic media[J], New York:Wiley Interscienc,1975.
[101] Ray B, Mandal B M. Dispersion polymerization of acry lamide, Langmuir,1997.13:2191.
[102]汪威,刘莲英,黄振华,杨万泰.紫外光引发丙烯酰胺分散聚合研究.高分子学报,2005,3:320.
[103] Ray B, Mandal BM. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide:part II 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile initiator. Journal of polymer science:part A:polymer chemistry,1999,37(4):493.
[104] Guha S, Ray B, Mandal BM, Anomalous solubility of polyacrylamide prepared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous tert-butyl alcohol. Journal of polymer science:part A:olymer chemistry,2001,39(19):3434.
[105] Ye Q, He WD, Ge XW et al.Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by radiation-induced dispersion polymerization. I. Synthesis and polymerization kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci,2002,86:2567.
[106] Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H et al. Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by Radiation- induced dispersion polymerization:Paticle size and size distribution. Journal of colloid and Interface science,2002,253: 279.
[107] Ye Q, Zhang Z C, Ge X W. Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by dispersion polymerization:Particle size and size distribution, polym international,2003,52:707.
[108]韩磊,宁荣昌,谢钢,颜红侠,张秋禹.分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液.功能高分子学报,2004,17(3):493.
[109] Cho M S, Yoon K J, Song B K. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate:synthesis and characterization, J Appl polym sci,2002,83 (7):1397.
[110]邓敏,扈蓉,何培新,等.水溶液单体分散聚合的研究进展,胶体与聚合物,2005,4:35.
[111] Song BK, Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Lee DC. J Appl Polym Sci 2003,87(7):1101.
[112]曹同玉,戴兵.分散聚合稳定机理及动力学研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,1998,14(1):31.
[113] Zhang B, Zhu C, Guo T. Modern Polymer Science. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
[114] Ni H, Kawaguchi H. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2004; 42 (11):2833.
[115] Ray B, Mandal BM. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in methanol/water media[J]. Macromolecular Research,2002,10(3):142.
[116]王晓春,王共远,逾桂云,等.阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的合成及水质对其影响的研究,化学推进剂与高分子材料,2004,2(5)：42.
[117] Croucher M D,Winnik M A. The preparation of micron-size polymer particles in nonpolar media(J). J Colloid and Interface Sci,1987,119(10):559.
[118] Prokes J,Ki-ivka 1, Stejskal J. Control of electrical properties of polyanili ne[J]. Polym Int,1997,43 (2):117.
[119] Song B K, Cho M S, Yoon K J. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic comonomer in aqueous solution. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2003,87(7):1101.
[120] Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW. J polym Sci Part B:polym phys,1988,26(6):1187.
[121] Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H, He W, Ge X. Polym Int,2003,52(5):707.
[122] Dongnian Chen, Xiaoguang Liu, Yumei Yue, Wende Zhang, Pixin Wang. Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic monomer in aqueous salts solution. European Polymer Journal, 2006,42(6):1284.
[123] Guha S, Mandal BM. J Colloid and Interf Sci 2004; 271(1):55.
[124] Ray B, Mandal BM. Langmuir 1997; 13(8):2191.
[125] Ray B, Mandal BM. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 1999; 37, (4):493.
[126] Guha S, Ray B, Mandal BM. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2001; 39(19):3434.
[127]韩磊,宁荣昌,谢钢,颜红侠,张秋禹.分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液.功能高分子学报,2004,17(3)：493.
[128]崔玉,张书香,杨金虎.济南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,16(4):327.
[129] Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW. J polym Sci Part B:polym phys,1988,26(6):1187.
[130] Lee K C, Lee S E, Choi Y J, Song B K. Macromolecular Research,2004,12 (2):213.
[131] Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Song BK. J Appl Polym Sci 2002; 83(7):1397.
[132]陈冬年,刘晓光,岳玉梅,张文德,王丕新,硫酸铵水溶液中丙烯酰胺与正离子单体的分散共聚研究,高分子学报,2006,(9):1074.
[133]郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,2007,24(2):129.
[134]陈庆芬,许军,王传兴,戈成岳,武玉民,水分散聚合法制备DMDAAC/AM共聚物,高校化学工程学报,2007,21(4)：705.
[135] Song BK, Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Lee DC. J Appl Polym Sci 2003; 87(7):1101.
[136] Ni H, Kawaguchi H. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2004; 42 (11):2833.
[137] Paine A J. Dispersion polymerization of styrene in polar solvent 1.Grafting mechanism of stabilization by hydroxypropyl cellulose[J]. Colloid Interface Sci,1990,138:157.
[138] Ober C K, Lok K P. Formation of large monodisperse copolymer particles by dispersion polymerization. Macromolecules,1987,20:268.
[139]史俊杰,孙宗华.功能高分子微球研究一分散聚合法合成u级聚苯乙烯微球.功能高分子学报,1990,3(2):105.
[140] Douglas S J, Illum T, Davis S S. Particle size and size distribution of poly(butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles.Colloid Interface Sci,1985,103:154.
[141] Patrick L, Alain G. Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization, Part xxi-kinetics of styrene dispersion polymerization stabilized with poly (ethylene oxide) macromonomers. Polym Adv Tech,1997,8:601.
[142] Liu J, Gan L M,Chew C H, et al. The particle size of latexes from dispersion polymerization of styrene using polyethylene oxide macromonomers as a polymerizable stabilizer. Polym Sci, PartA:Polym Chem,1997,35: 3575.
[143] Shay J S, English R J, Spontak R J. Dispersion polymerization of polystyrene latex stabilized with novel grafted poly(ethyle glyol) macromers in 1-propanol/water. Macromolecules,2000,33 (18):6664.
[144] Ishizu K, Shiratori S. Microsphere synthesis by dispersion copolymerizations using poly(t-butyl methacrylate) macromonomers in nonaqueous medi, Colloid Interf Sci,2001,236(2):266.
[145] Wang, Zhao. Synthesis and characterization of PAA-g-NPEO copolymers and evaluation as dispersants in dispersion polymerization of acrylamide[J]. Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2005,21(3):89.
[146] Yildiz U, Hazer B. Makromol Chem,1999,265:16.
[147] Ye Q, Zhang Z, Ge X. J Appl Polym Sci,2003,89(8):2108.
[148] Thomson B, Rudin A, Lsjole G. J Polym Sci PartA:Polym Chem,1995,33(3):345.
[149]Canelas DA, Betts DE, DeSimone JM. Macromolecules,1996,29(8):2818.
[150] Lepilleur C, Beckman E J. Macromolecules,1997,30 (4):745.
[151]林莉萍.水性涂料.新技术新工艺,2001,(12):34.
[152]GB/T 12005.10-1992聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定粘度法
[153]二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征[J].化工进展,2003,07:731.
[154] Guha S, Ray B, Mandal B M. Anomalous solubility of polyacryl2 amide p repared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous tert2butyl alcohol[J]. Journal of Polymer Science:PartA:Polymer Chemistry,2001,39 (19):3434.
[155]刘金辉,李效玉,焦书科.高分子学报[J].1995,4:472.
[156] Ye Q, Zhang Z, J ia H, et al. Formation of monodisperse polyac2 rylamide particles by Radiation2Induced dispersion polymerization particle size and size distribution[J]. J Colloid Interface Sci,2002,253:279.
[157]潘阻仁.高分子化学.北京：化学工业出版社,1996.91.
[158] Hagiopol C. Copolymerization toward a systematic approach. New York:Plenum Publishers, Kluwer Academic,1999.
[159]陈庆芬,许军,王传兴,戈成岳,武玉民.水分散聚合法制备DMDAAC/AM共聚物.高校化学工程学报,2007,8.
[160]张万忠,乔学亮,陈建国,李绵贵.水溶性偶氮引发体系引发DMDAAC-AM共聚合.应用化学,2005,22(7):749.
[161]郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明。AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,.2007,24(2):129.
[162]曹康丽,史铁钧,曹金燕,周丹红,李海芹.分散聚合法制备单分散聚丙烯酰胺微球——反应动力学、分子量研究.化工科技市场,2006,29(11)：38.
[163]张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯内基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002(9):521.
[164]二甲基二烯内基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征[J].化工进展,2003,07:731.
[165]徐雄立AM-DMDAAC共聚物的合成[J].合成化学,2003-11-11.
[166] Suparna Guha and Broja M.Mandal. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide Partial isopropyl ester of poly(vinyl methyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride)as a stabilizer Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,271: 55.
[167]黄鹤,李建宗,廖水姣.非水分散聚合[J].中国胶粘剂,1996,6(2).
[168]叶强,张志成,葛学武.分散聚合的研究进展.高分子材料科学与l工程,2004-05,20(3).
[169]张凯,雷毅,贾利军等.分散聚合及单分散聚合物微球制备技术.化学世界,2002.
[170] Barret K.E.J. (Ed.) Dispersion Polymerization In Organic Media [J]. New York, Interscience,1975.
[171]赵华章,岳钦艳,高宝玉,于慧,栾兆坤.阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC与P(DMDAAC-AM)的合成及分析.精细化工,2001,18(11):645.
[172]曹康丽,史铁钧,曹金燕,周丹红,李海芹.分散聚合法制备单分散聚丙烯酰胺微球——反应动力学分子量研究.化工科技市场,2006,29(11),38.
[173]郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,2007,24(2):129.
[174] Ray B., Mandal B. M.. Langmuir,1997(13):2191.
[175] Paine A J. Macromolecules.1990(23); 3104.
[176] Paine A J, Luymes W, McNulty J. Macromolecules,1990,23:3104.
[177] Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H, He W, Ge X. J Colloid Interface Sci,2002,253 (2):279.
[178] Ray B, Mandal BM. Langmuir,1997,13:2191
[179] Behari K, Taunk K, Das R. Polym Int,1998,46 (2):126
[180] Cowie JM. In:Allen G, Bevington JC, Booth C, Price C (eds) Comprehensive polymer science,1989, vol.3. Oxford:Pergamon Press, England.
[181] Tseng C M, Lu Y Y, El-Aasser M S, Vanderhoff J W. J Polym Sci, Part-A, Polym Chem Ed,1986,24:2005.
[182] Lok K P, Ober C K. Can J Chem,1985,63:209.
[183] Kuo SW, Kao HC, Chang FC. Polymer,2003,44:6873.
[184] Aguilar MR, Gallardo A, Fernandez MM, SanRoman J. Macromolecules,2002,35 (6):2036.
[185]于慧,高宝玉,邵秀梅,岳钦艳,赵华章,王凤艳,王艳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵聚合物的红外光谱研究.山东大学学报(自然科学版),2001,36(3)：330.
[186]洪山海.光谱解析法在有机化学中的应用.北京：科学出版社,1980:16.
[187]王正熙.聚合物红外光谱分析和鉴定.成都：四川大学出版社,1989:38.
[188]吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用[J].精细化工,2000,17(7)：386.
[189]李波,于慧,邵秀梅.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵及其聚合物的红外光谱研究,分析实验室,21(2)(2002)41.
[190]Hawthome,D.G.,Solomon,D.H..J Macromol Sci Chem,A10:923(1976).
[191] C. Vu and J. Cabestany, Characterization of cationic water-soluble polyacrylamide, J Appl Polym Sci,1991, 42:2587.
[192]荣国斌.波谱数据表——有机化合物的结构解析[M].上海：华东理工大学出版社,2002:221.
[193]吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,俞从正.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用.精细化工,2000,17(7)：386.
[194]张红,刘鸿.热分析技术在高分子材料研究中的应用[J].广州化工,2001,4:39.
[195]吴强,李晨曦,李学臣等.红外光谱法热分析液晶相变过程[J].高等学校化学学报,2001,(12):2123.
[196]周平华,许乾慰.热分析在高分子材料中的应用[J].上海塑料,2004,(3):36.
[197]陈镜泓,李传儒.热分析及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1985.
[198]王玉峰,胡惠仁.分散介质及分散剂对CPAM分散聚合反应的影响[J].造纸化学品,2007,19(6):23.
[199]胡金生,曹同玉等编.乳液聚合[M].北京化学工业出版社,第二版,1992:367.
[200]李勇,PDMDAAC-AM的反相乳液共聚研究[D].山东大学环境科学与工程学院,2005-05.
[201]潘祖仁.高分子化学(第2版)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997.
[202]夏卫红,曹萍.HYC絮凝剂在生化污泥脱水中应用的研究[J].上海应用技术学院学报,2002,9(2).
[203]汤继军,孔维琳,黄红杉.聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵对活性污泥的脱水性能研究.工业用水与废水,2001,32(6):27.
[204]杨波,赵榆林.阳离子型改性天然高分子絮凝剂对活性污泥脱水处理.工业水处理,1999,19(5):26.
[205] Chen F, Connors EJ. Preparation of acrylamide diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride copolymers [P]. CA: 20636561,1992-12-11.
[206]李克友,向福如.高分子合成原理及工艺学[M].1999,10.
1.崔丹.高分子絮凝剂的发展概况[J].广州化工,2002,30(4):83-94.
2. 李富生,胡星琪,段明,等.聚丙烯酰胺的合成技术及应用研究[J].应用化工,2002,31(5)：1-4.
3. 张黎明.高性能PAM类产品的研究—聚合产物分子量的提高[J].广州化工1996,24(4)：60-67.
4. 张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002,19(9)：521-527.
5. 赵华章,岳钦艳,高宝玉,等.阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC与P(AM-DMDAAC)的合成及分析[J].精细化工,2001,18(11)：645-648.
6. 常清,陈野.聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成及水处理絮凝效能研究[J].环境科学学报,2000,20(2)：168-172.
7. Kawakmi T, OTA M. Cationic copolymers as sludge dewatering agents [P]. JP09225500,1997-09-02.
8. Schuller WH, Price J A, Moore S J. Soluble copolymers of dially monomers [J]. J. Chem. Eng.,1959, (4):273-276.
9. Tanaka H. Copolymerization of cationic monomers with acrylamide in an aqueous solution [J]. Journal of Polymer Science Part A:Polymer Chemistry, 1986(24):29-36.
10.王月,王刚,周厚安.有机阳离子高分子絮凝剂的合成及性能评价[J].精细石油化工进展.2003(7):21-29.
11.申迎华,王孟,王志忠.两性聚丙烯酰胺的合成方法及应用进展[J].化工进展,2003,22(10)：1061-1065.
12. Toki H, Ito H, Abe K, et al. Wet-end Additives for papermaking [P]. JP03227494, 1991-10-08.
13. Nagamoto A, Imamura K. Preparation of Acrylamide based Amphoteric Polymers [P]. JP07233215,1995-04-15.
14. Ryan M S, Mayeda D K, Proverb R J, et al. Ampholytic Polymers, Polymeric micro-emulsions, Polymerization Method, and Use of Flocculant [P]. EP669349A1,1995-08-30.
15. Donaldson J D, Grimes S. Lifting the Scales From Our Pipes [J]. New Scientist, 1988,117(18):43-46.
16.吴福梅.阳离子型絮凝剂丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物的合成研究[D].北京：北京化工大学,2006.
17.吕生华,俞从正,章川波,等.阳离子高分子絮凝剂的制备与应用[J].西北轻工业学院学报,2000,18(3)：18-22.
18.张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002,(9)：521-527.
19.俞益平.二烯丙基类聚合物的研制和在石油开采中的应用[J].油田化学,1991,8(3)：194-199.
20. Hawthome D G, Solomon D H. [J]. Macromol. Sci. Chem.,1976, A10:923.
21.GB/T 12005.10-1992,聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定-粘度法[S].
22. Gartner H A. Process for the production of high molecular weight copolymers of diallylammonium monomers and acrylamide monomer insolution [P].US5110833, 1992-05-05.
23. Bulter GB. Method of enchancing polymerization of diallyldimethylamonium compounds to produce high molecular weight polymers [P]. US4742134, 1998-10-22.
24. Chester D Szymanski, Dennis Neigel. [P]. US4517351,1985-05-14.
25.潘祖仁.高分子化学(第2版)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997:234.
26.张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展.精细化工,2002,19(9)：521-527.
27. MinsKL M, Kotlarchik C, Meyer GN, et al. [M]. Polym. Chem. Ed.,1974:133.
28.岳钦艳,李勇,高宝玉,等PDMDAAC-AM共聚物的反相乳液聚合研究.山东大学学报(理学版),2004,39(6)：86-89.
29.曹同玉,刘庆普,胡金生著,聚合物乳液合成原理性能及应用,化学工业出版社,1997年版.
30. Chen F, Connors EJ. Preparation of acrylamide diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride copolymers [P]. CA20636561,1992-12-11.
31. Kozakoewicz JJ, David WL. Preparation of cationic micro emulsified polymers [P]. EP:374457,1990-06-27.
32. Matias H, Werner J, Wesley W. Verzweigte wasserlsiche acrylamid copolymere mit hohem molekulargewicht und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung [P]. DE:19524869,1997-01-09.
33. Lawrence LK, Roger YL. Water soluble cationic copolymers and their use as flocculents [P]. US:5529699,1995-04-18.
34. Kozakiewicz Joseph J, Lipp David Wesley. [P]. EP374457,1990-06-27.
35.田华.微乳阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的研制[J].化工科技,2000,(2):35-36.
36.罗正平,张秋禹,谢钢,等.分散聚合研究.高分子通报,2002,(5):35-40.
37.卢江.高分子化学.梁晖.北京：化学工业出版社,2005:93.
38. Subramanian R, Zhu S, Pelton RH. Synthesis and flocculation performance of graft and random copolymer microgels of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammniumchloride [J]. Colloid. Polym. Sci,1997,277(10): 939-946.
39. Kiyoshi S, Susumu H, Toshio V. Polymer copolymers form at least one diallylamine derivative [P]. Ger Offern:2416675,1974-10-31.
40.李勇.PDMDAAC-AM的反相乳液共聚研究[D].济南：山东大学,2005.
41.永泽满(日).高分子水处理剂(下)第1版[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1983.
42. MathiasH, Werner J, Christine W, etal. High molecular weight, water soluble polyammonium compounds [P]. Ger(East):127729,1977-10-12.
43.李克友,向福如.高分子合成原理及工艺学.科学出版社1999.10
44.谭明乾,张跃军,曲文超DMDAAC/AM共聚物合成及其絮凝性能[J].化工时刊,1999,(12)：15-17.
45. Paramjit S, Mashur G, Dispersed phase copolymerization of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammoniumchloride inxylene [J]. J PolymMater,1997,14(1): 57-63.
46.赵华章,高宝玉,岳钦艳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)聚合物的研究进展[J].工业水处理,1999,19(6)：1-4.
47.罗文利,牛亚斌,欧阳坚,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺水溶液工共聚合[J].油田化学,1998,15(3)：193-196.
48. W. Jaeger, M. Hahn, Ch. Wandrey et al. [J]. Macromol. Sci-chem.,1984, A21(5): 593-614.
49. Tanaka H. Copolymerization of cationic monomer with acylamide in an aqueous solution [J]. Journal of polymer Science,1986(24):29-36.
50.严瑞,鲍其鼐.聚丙烯酰胺的性能和应用[J].石油化工,1984,13(12):807-815.
51.侯斯健,哈润华.二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵—丙烯酰胺反相乳液聚合的动力学特征研究[J].高分子学报,1995,(3)：349-354.
52. Kurenkov VK, Abramova LI. Homogeneous polymerization of acrylamide in solution [J].Polym Plast Technol Eng,1992,31(7-8):659-704.
53.陆兴章,高华星.HG型高分子絮凝剂的絮凝性能及其应用研究[J].环境污染与防治,1994,16(6):6-10.
54.GB/T12005.3—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测定法[S].溴化法.
55.GB/T12005.5—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测定法[S].气相色谱法.
56.GB/T12005.4—1989.聚丙烯酰胺中残余丙烯酰胺含量测法[S].液相色谱法.
57.张瑾,张书香,李春生,等.紫外分光光度法测定聚丙烯酰胺中丙烯酰胺的残留量[J].化学世界,1999,(12):652-655.
58.江霜英,高廷耀.高效液相色谱法测定聚丙烯酰胺中的单体[J].同济大学学报,2000,28(2)：228-230.
59.吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用[J].精细化工,2000,17(7)：386-387.
60. Huang SS. Evaluation of chemical structurel heterogeneity of cationic acrylamide copolyers by high performance liquid chromatography [J].J Chromatogr,1991,536(1-2):203-209.
61.岳钦艳,赵华章,高宝玉.利用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察PDMDAAC系列絮凝剂的结构形貌[J].山东大学学报(理学版).2002.04.
62.严瑞煊,水溶性高分子,化学工业出版社,1998
63.陆林玮,精细石油化工进展,第一卷,第一期,2000,4:45-48
64. Werner J, Ulrich G, Monika J, et al. Flotation agent and method for treatment of oil2containing wastewaters [P]. DD:294422,1991-10-02.
65. Syrinek A R. Removal of silver from aqueous systems [P]. US:5205939 1993-04-27.
66. Tefft E R. Diallyldimethylammonium chloride2acrylamide copolymers as deinkers[P]. EP:172684,1986-02-26.
67. John S, Michael R. Coagulants for pitch removal in recycling of paper broke from coated stocks[P]. EP:444788,1991-10-04.
68. Collins J H, Fong D F, Sommese A G, et al. Vinylamine polymers and coagulants for removing color from paper mill effluents[P]. US:5435921,1995-07-25.
69.顾学芳,张跃军,陈伟忠,等.阳离子絮凝剂PDA的合成与应用研究—对废纸再生造纸废水的处理(I)[J].工业水处理,2001,21(1):22-25.
70. Golubeva I A, Gromov V F. Stabilization of cationic acrylamide polymers designed to enhance oil recovery [J]. Int J Polym Mater,1994,24 (1-4):85-89.
71. Toru Y, Daisuke M. Direct hair dye composition [P]. EP:503507,1992-09-16.
72. Sarkar J S, Cosper D R. Application of enzymes and flocculants for enhancing the freeness of paper making pulp [P]. US:5169497,1992-11-08.
73. Peter G, Patricia W, Mc Gee Tom J. Shampoo comprising anionic surfactants and film forming polymer [P]. EP:437114,1991-07-17.
74. Tsutomus S, Asami M. Hair cosmetics containing siloxanes and polymer [P]. JP: 059291,1993-04-16.
75. Toru Y, Daisuke M, Direct hair dye composition [P]. EP:503507,1992-10-16.
76. Rainer F, Gerhard M. Oxiative after treatment composition for hair wave setting [P].DE:4131992,1993-04-01.
77. Tsutomu S, Hiroyuki S. Two component foam type hair sprays containing cationic polymers and anionic surfactants [P]. JP:05229922,1993-10-07.
78. []Yuichi T, Makoto Y, Mika I. Liquid body cleansers containing cationic and polymer, glucose derivatives and fatty acid soaps [P]. JP:03227914,1991-10-08.
79. M. D. Croucher, M. A. Winnik, Nato. Asiser Ser. E, (Future Dir Polym. Colloid), 1987,138,209.
80. D. W. Osmond, J. Chem. Ind (London),1974,22,891.
81. H. R. Thomas, Farbe&Lack,1971,77,525.
82. Tseng C M, Lu Y Y, El-Aasser M S, et al. Uniform polymer particles by dispersion polymerization in alcohol [J]. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry,1986,24:2995-3007.
83. Shen S, Sudol ED, EI-Aasser MS.. Control of partical size in dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate [J]. Journal of Polymer Science, Part A: Polymer Chemistry,1993,31:1393-
84. Biswajit R, Broja M. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide:Part Ⅱ.2,2 azobisisobutyronitrile initiator[J]. J Polym Sci, Part A:Polym Chem,1999,37 (4):493.
85. Y.Y. Lu, M.S. Elaasser, J. W. Vanderhoff, J Polym Sci Polym Phys Ed.,1988, 26(6),1187.
86. C. K. Ober, K. P. Lok. Macromolecules,1987,20 (2),268.
87. C.M.Tseng, Y. Y. Lu, M.S. Elaasser, et al. J Polym Sci Polym Chem Ed.,1986, 24 (11),2995.
88. K. E. J. Barrett, Br. Polym. J.1973,5,259.
89. K. Cao, J. Yu, B. G. Li, et al., Chem Eng J,2000,78 (2-3),211.
90. B. Hirzinger, M. Helmstedt, J. Stejskal, Polymer,2000,41,2883.
91.罗正平,张秋禹,等.分散聚合研究[J].高分子学报,2002(5)：35
92. Lu Y Y, El-AasserM S, Vanderhoff J W. Dispersion polymerization of sty rene in ethanol:Monomer partitioning behavior and locus of polymerization[J], Polym Sci PartB, Polym Phys,1988,26(6):1187.
93. Lok K P, Ober C K. Can J Chem,1985,63 (1):209.
94. Paine A J, Luymes W, Mcnulty J. Macromolecules,1990,23 (12):3104.
95. Araujo P H H, Pinto J C. Braz J Chem Eng,2000,17 (4-7):383.
96. Kawaguch i S, Winnik W A. Macromolecules 1995,28:1159.
97. Ahmed S F, Poehlein G W. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,1997,36 (7):2605.
98. Cao K, Li B F, Huang Y, et al. Macromol. Symp.,2000,150:187.
99. Yasuda M, Sek i H, Yokoyama H, et al. Macromolecules,2001,34 (10):3261.
100.Barren K E J (Ed). Dispersion polymerization in organic media[J], New York: Wiley Interscienc,1975.
101.Ray B, Mandal B M. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide, Langmuir,1997. 13:2191.
102.汪威,刘莲英,黄振华,杨万泰.紫外光引发丙烯酰胺分散聚合研究.高分子学报,2005,3：320.
103.Ray B, Mandal BM. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide:part II 2,2' azobisisobutyronitrile initiator. Journal of polymer science:part A:polymer chemistry,1999,37(4):493.
104.Guha S, Ray B, Mandal BM, Anomalous solubility of polyacrylamide prepared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous tert-butyl alcohol. Journal of polymer science:part A:olymer chemistry,2001,39(19):3434.
105.Ye Q, He WD, Ge XW et al.Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by radiation-induced dispersion polymerization. I. Synthesis and polymerization kinetics. J Appl Polym Sci,2002,86:2567.
106.Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H et al. Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by Radiation-induced dispersion polymerization:Paticle size and size distribution. Journal of colloid and Interface science,2002,253:279.
107. Ye Q, Zhang Z C, Ge X W. Formation of monodisperse polyacrylamide particles by dispersion polymerization:Particle size and size distribution, polym international,2003,52:707.
108.韩磊,宁荣昌,谢钢,颜红侠,张秋禹.分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液.功能高分子学报,2004,17(3):493.
109.Cho M S, Yoon K J, Song B K. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate:synthesis and characterization, J Appl polym sci,2002,83 (7):1397.
110.邓敏,扈蓉,何培新,等.水溶液单体分散聚合的研究进展,胶体与聚合物,2005.4：35.
111.Song BK, Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Lee DC. J Appl Polym Sci 2003,87(7):1101.
112.曹同玉,戴兵.分散聚合稳定机理及动力学研究[J].高分子材料科学与工程,1998,14(1)：31.
113.Zhang B, Zhu C, Guo T. Modern Polymer Science. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2006.
114.Ni H, Kawaguchi H. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2004; 42 (11):2833.
115.Ray B, Mandal BM. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in methanol/water media[J]. Macromolecular Research,2002,10 (3):142.
116.王晓春,王共远,逾桂云,等.阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的合成及水质对其影响的研究,化学推进剂与高分子材料,2004,2(5):42.
117.Croucher M D,Winnik M A. The preparation of micron-size polymer particles in nonpolar media(J). J Colloid and Interface Sci,1987,119(10):559.
118.Prokes J,Ki-ivka I, Stejskal J. Control of electrical properties of polyanili ne[J]. Polym Int,1997,43 (2):117.
119.Song B K, Cho M S, Yoon K J. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic comonomer in aqueous solution. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2003,87(7):1101.
120.Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW. J polym Sci Part B:polym phys,1988, 26(6):1187.
121.Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H, He W, Ge X. Polym Int,2003,52(5):707.
122.Dongnian Chen, Xiaoguang Liu, Yumei Yue, Wende Zhang, Pixin Wang. Dispersion copolymerization of acrylamide with quaternary ammonium cationic monomer in aqueous salts solution. European Polymer Journal,2006,42(6): 1284.
123.Guha S, Mandal BM. J Colloid and Interf Sci 2004; 271(1):55.
124.Ray B, Mandal BM. Langmuir 1997; 13(8):2191.
125.Ray B, Mandal BM. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 1999; 37, (4):493.
126.Guha S, Ray B, Mandal BM. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2001; 39(19): 3434.
127.韩磊,宁荣昌,谢钢,颜红侠,张秋禹.分散聚合法制备聚丙烯酰胺水包水乳液.功能高分子学报,2004,17(3)：493.
128.崔玉,张书香,杨金虎.济南大学学报(自然科学版),2002,16(4):327.
129.Lu YY, El-Aasser MS, Vanderhoff JW. J polym Sci Part B:polym phys,1988, 26(6):1187.
130.Lee K C, Lee S E, Choi Y J, Song B K. Macromolecular Research,2004,12 (2): 213.
131.Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Song BK. J Appl Polym Sci 2002; 83(7):1397.
132.陈冬年,刘晓光,岳玉梅,张文德,王丕新,硫酸铵水溶液中丙烯酰胺与正离子单体的分散共聚研究,高分子学报,2006,(9):1074.
133.郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,2007,24(2)：129.
134.陈庆芬,许军,王传兴,戈成岳,武玉民,水分散聚合法制备DMDAAC/AM共聚物,高校化学工程学报,2007,21(4)：705.
135.Song BK, Cho MS, Yoon KJ, Lee DC. J Appl Polym Sci 2003; 87(7):1101.
136.Ni H, Kawaguchi H. J Polym Sci Part A:Polym Chem 2004; 42 (11):2833.
137.Paine A J. Dispersion polymerization of styrene in polar solvent 1.Grafting mechanism of stabilization by hydroxypropyl cellulose[J]. Colloid Interface Sci, 1990,138:157.
138.Ober C K, Lok K P. Formation of large monodisperse copolymer particles by dispersion polymerization. Macromolecules,1987,20:268.
139.史俊杰,孙宗华.功能高分子微球研究一分散聚合法合成u级聚苯乙烯微球.功能高分子学报,1990,3(2)：105.
140.Douglas S J, Illum T, Davis S S. Particle size and size distribution of poly(butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles.Colloid Interface Sci,1985,103:154.
141.Patrick L, Alain G. Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization, Part xxi-kinetics of styrene dispersion polymerization stabilized with poly (ethylene oxide) macromonomers. Polym Adv Tech,1997,8:601.
142.Liu J, Gan L M,Chew C H, et al. The particle size of latexes from dispersion polymerization of styrene using polyethylene oxide macromonomers as a polymerizable stabilizer. Polym Sci, PartA:Polym Chem,1997,35:3575.
143.Shay J S, English R J, Spontak R J. Dispersion polymerization of polystyrene latex stabilized with novel grafted poly(ethyle glyol) macromers in 1-propanol/water. Macromolecules,2000,33 (18):6664.
144.Ishizu K, Shiratori S. Microsphere synthesis by dispersion copolymerizations using poly(t-butyl methacrylate) macromonomers in nonaqueous medi, Colloid Interf Sci,2001,236(2):266.
145.Wang, Zhao. Synthesis and characterization of PAA-g-NPEO copolymers and evaluation as dispersants in dispersion polymerization of acrylamide[J]. Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering,2005,21(3):89.
146.Yildiz U, Hazer B. Makromol Chem,1999,265:16.
147.Ye Q, Zhang Z, Ge X. J Appl Polym Sci,2003,89(8):2108.
148.Thomson B, Rudin A, Lsjole G. J Polym Sci PartA:Polym Chem,1995,33(3): 345.
149.[]Canelas DA, Betts DE, DeSimone JM. Macromolecules,1996,29(8):2818.
150.Lepilleur C, Beckman E J. Macromolecules,1997,30 (4):745.
151.林莉萍.水性涂料.新技术新工艺,2001,(12):34.
152.GB/T 12005.10-1992聚丙烯酰胺分子量测定粘度法
153.[]二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征[J].化工进展,2003,07:731.
154.Guha S, Ray B, Mandal B M. Anomalous solubility of polyacryl2 amide p repared by dispersion polymerization in aqueous tert2butyl alcohol [J]. Journal of Polymer Science:PartA:Polymer Chemistry,2001,39 (19):3434.
155.刘金辉,李效玉,焦书科。高分子学报[J],1995,4:472.
156.Ye Q, Zhang Z, J ia H, et al. Formation of monodisperse polyac2 rylamide particles by Radiation2Induced dispersion polymerization particle size and size distribution[J]. J Colloid Interface Sci,2002,253:279.
157.潘阻仁.高分子化学.北京：化学工业出版社,1996.91.
158.Hagiopol C. Copolymerization toward a systematic approach. New York:Plenum Publishers, Kluwer Academic,1999.
159.陈庆芬,许军,王传兴,戈成岳,武玉民.水分散聚合法制备DMDAAC/AM共聚物.高校化学工程学报,2007,8.
160.张万忠,乔学亮,陈建国,李绵贵.水溶性偶氮引发体系引发DMDAAC-AM共聚合.应用化学,2005,22(7)：749.
161.郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,.2007,24(2)：129.
162.曹康丽,史铁钧,曹金燕,周丹红,李海芹.分散聚合法制备单分散聚丙烯酰胺微球——反应动力学、分子量研究.化工科技市场,2006,29(11):38.
163.张跃军,顾学芳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的研究进展[J].精细化工,2002(9)：521.
164.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵-丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征[J].化工进展,2003,07:731.
165.徐雄立AM-DMDAAC共聚物的合成[J].合成化学,2003-11-11.
166.Suparna Guha and Broja M.Mandal. Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide Partial isopropyl ester of poly(vinyl methyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride)as a stabilizer Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2004,271:55.
167.黄鹤,李建宗,廖水姣.非水分散聚合[J].中国胶粘剂,1996,6(2).
168.叶强,张志成,葛学武.分散聚合的研究进展.高分子材料科学与工程,2004-05,20(3).
169.张凯,雷毅,贾利军等.分散聚合及单分散聚合物微球制备技术.化学世界,2002.
170.Barret K.E.J. (Ed.) Dispersion Polymerization In Organic Media [J]. New York, Interscience,1975.
171.赵华章,岳钦艳,高宝玉,于慧,栾兆坤.阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC与P(DMDAAC-AM)的合成及分析.精细化工,2001,18(11)：645.
172.曹康丽,史铁钧,曹金燕,周丹红,李海芹.分散聚合法制备单分散聚丙烯酰胺微球——反应动力学、分子量研究.化工科技市场,2006,29(11),38.
173.郭睿威,赵宗峰,金启明.AM/阳离子单体在盐水介质中的分散聚合.化学工业与工程,2007,24(2)：129.
174.Ray B., Mandal B. M.. Langmuir,1997(13):2191.
175.Paine A J. Macromolecules.1990(23); 3104.
176.Paine A J, Luymes W, McNulty J. Macromolecules,1990,23:3104.
177.Ye Q, Zhang Z, Jia H, He W, Ge X. J Colloid Interface Sci,2002,253 (2):279.
178.Ray B, Mandal BM. Langmuir,1997,13:2191
179.Behari K, Taunk K, Das R. Polym Int,1998,46 (2):126
180.Cowie JM. In:Allen G, Bevington JC, Booth C, Price C (eds) Comprehensive polymer science,1989, vol.3. Oxford:Pergamon Press, England.
181.Tseng C M, Lu Y Y, El-Aasser M S, Vanderhoff J W. J Polym Sci, Part-A, Polym Chem Ed,1986,24:2005.
182.Lok K P, Ober C K. Can J Chem,1985,63:209.
183.Kuo SW, Kao HC, Chang FC. Polymer,2003,44:6873.
184.Aguilar MR, Gallardo A, Fernandez MM, SanRoman J. Macromolecules,2002, 35 (6):2036.
185.于慧,高宝玉,邵秀梅,岳钦艳,赵华章,王凤艳,王艳.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵聚合物的红外光谱研究.山东大学学报(自然科学版),2001,36(3):330.
186.洪山海.光谱解析法在有机化学中的应用.北京：科学出版社,1980:16.
187.王正熙.聚合物红外光谱分析和鉴定.成都：四川大学出版社,1989:38.
188.吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,等.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚物的结构表征及应用[J].精细化工,2000,17(7)：386.
189.李波,于慧,邵秀梅.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵及其聚合物的红外光谱研究,分析实验室,21(2)(2002)41.
190.Hawthome, D. G, Solomon, D. H.. J Macromol Sci Chem, A10:923 (1976).
191.C. Vu and J. Cabestany, Characterization of cationic water-soluble polyacrylamide, J Appl Polym Sci,1991,42:2587.
192.荣国斌.波谱数据表——有机化合物的结构解析[M].上海：华东理工大学出版社,2002:221.
193.吕生华,马建中,吕庆强,俞从正.二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺共聚 物的结构表征及应用.精细化工,2000,17(7):386.
194.张红,刘鸿.热分析技术在高分子材料研究中的应用[J].广州化工,2001,4:39.
195.吴强,李晨曦,李学臣等.红外光谱法热分析液晶相变过程[J].高等学校化学学报,2001,(12)：2123.
196.周平华,许乾慰.热分析在高分子材料中的应用[J].上海塑料,2004,(3):36.
197.陈镜泓,李传儒.热分析及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1985.
198.王玉峰,胡惠仁.分散介质及分散剂对CPAM分散聚合反应的影响[J].造纸化学品,2007,19(6)：23.
199.胡金生,曹同玉等编.乳液聚合[M].北京化学工业出版社,第二版,1992:367.
200.李勇,PDMDAAC-AM的反相乳液共聚研究[D].山东大学环境科学与工程学院，2005-05.
201.潘祖仁.高分子化学(第2版)[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997.
202.夏卫红,曹萍.HYC絮凝剂在生化污泥脱水中应用的研究[J].上海应用技术学院学报,2002,9(2).
203.汤继军,孔维琳,黄红杉.聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵对活性污泥的脱水性能研究.工业用水与废水,2001,32(6)：27.
204.杨波,赵榆林.阳离子型改性天然高分子絮凝剂对活性污泥脱水处理.工业水处理,1999,19(5)：26.
205.Chen F, Connors EJ. Preparation of acrylamide diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride copolymers [P]. CA:20636561,1992-12-11.
206.李克友,向福如.高分子合成原理及工艺学[M],1999,10.