被动合成孔径声纳辐射噪声测量方法研究
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摘要
随着减振降噪技术的发展,水下大型结构的辐射噪声越来越低,使得常规的噪声测量设备不能满足测量要求。声纳阵列可以获得较高的测量增益,可以实现对较低辐射噪声的目标进行测量。然而由于线阵阵元多,体积庞大,因此价格昂贵且布放回收不方便。被动合成孔径技术可以以较少的阵元获得符合要求的波束宽度和增益,且费用低、灵活性好,为低噪声测量开辟了一条新途径。
论文回顾了常规波束形成方法的原理,讨论了被动合成孔径的工作机理,推导了数学模型,通过计算机仿真,得到了被动合成孔径波束形成技术的性能及影响因素。给出了时间相干性和拖曳速度等参数不同条件下PSAS(Passive Synthetic Aperture Sonar)的输出结果。文中描述了水下目标噪声测量的基本要求,通过对噪声测量系统对声纳阵列基本要求进行分析,得到了能够应用于噪声测量的PSAS阵列参数。对FFTSA(Fast Fourier transformsynthetic aperture)算法和ETAM(Extended towed array measurements)算法进行理论推导和计算,给出了被动合成孔径用于噪声测量的设计原则。通过与常规波束形成方法的对比,得到这样的结论:采用被动合成孔径算法,可以获得长阵具有的阵增益和方位分辨力,可以降低工程实施难度,适合低噪声目标的辐射噪声测量,有很好的应用前景。
Along with the antivibration noise reduction technology's development, the radiated noise of the submarine large-scale structure is getting lower, so it is impossible to satisfy the metrical request by the conventional noise measurement equipment. The sonar array may obtains higher gain, and may measures the lower radiated noise. However, the linear array has many elements and big volume, therefore it is expensive, and reclaims it discommodiously after deployed.The passive synthetic aperture technology can obtains beam-forming's width and gain perfectly by less elements, also the price is low and the flexibility is good, which opens a new way for the low noise measurement.
The paper reviews the principle of convention beam-forming method. Discusses the mechanism of passive synthetic aperture, infers the mathematical model, educes the performance and influencing factor of passive synthetic aperture beam-forming technology by the computer simulation. The paper also gives the output of PSAS under the conditions bases on different parameters of time coherence and the hauling velocity.The paper describes the essential requirements of measure the underwater noise, and analyses the requirements through the noise measurement system to the sonar array, obtains the array parameter of PSAS what is able to apply in the noise measurement. Calculates the algorithms of FFTSA (Fast Fourier transform synthetic aperture) and ETAM (Extended towed array measurements), shows the principle for designing the passive synthetic aperture that uses in the noise measurement. Compares with conventional beam-forming, the paper shows some conclusions: uses the synthetic aperture algorithm, may obtains the array gain and azimuth resolution of large array, may reduces the difficulties of the project, may meet the requirement for measuring the low radiated noise target, has provided the reference for the following research.
论文回顾了常规波束形成方法的原理,讨论了被动合成孔径的工作机理,推导了数学模型,通过计算机仿真,得到了被动合成孔径波束形成技术的性能及影响因素。给出了时间相干性和拖曳速度等参数不同条件下PSAS(Passive Synthetic Aperture Sonar)的输出结果。文中描述了水下目标噪声测量的基本要求,通过对噪声测量系统对声纳阵列基本要求进行分析,得到了能够应用于噪声测量的PSAS阵列参数。对FFTSA(Fast Fourier transformsynthetic aperture)算法和ETAM(Extended towed array measurements)算法进行理论推导和计算,给出了被动合成孔径用于噪声测量的设计原则。通过与常规波束形成方法的对比,得到这样的结论:采用被动合成孔径算法,可以获得长阵具有的阵增益和方位分辨力,可以降低工程实施难度,适合低噪声目标的辐射噪声测量,有很好的应用前景。
Along with the antivibration noise reduction technology's development, the radiated noise of the submarine large-scale structure is getting lower, so it is impossible to satisfy the metrical request by the conventional noise measurement equipment. The sonar array may obtains higher gain, and may measures the lower radiated noise. However, the linear array has many elements and big volume, therefore it is expensive, and reclaims it discommodiously after deployed.The passive synthetic aperture technology can obtains beam-forming's width and gain perfectly by less elements, also the price is low and the flexibility is good, which opens a new way for the low noise measurement.
The paper reviews the principle of convention beam-forming method. Discusses the mechanism of passive synthetic aperture, infers the mathematical model, educes the performance and influencing factor of passive synthetic aperture beam-forming technology by the computer simulation. The paper also gives the output of PSAS under the conditions bases on different parameters of time coherence and the hauling velocity.The paper describes the essential requirements of measure the underwater noise, and analyses the requirements through the noise measurement system to the sonar array, obtains the array parameter of PSAS what is able to apply in the noise measurement. Calculates the algorithms of FFTSA (Fast Fourier transform synthetic aperture) and ETAM (Extended towed array measurements), shows the principle for designing the passive synthetic aperture that uses in the noise measurement. Compares with conventional beam-forming, the paper shows some conclusions: uses the synthetic aperture algorithm, may obtains the array gain and azimuth resolution of large array, may reduces the difficulties of the project, may meet the requirement for measuring the low radiated noise target, has provided the reference for the following research.
引文
[1]Tsuban Chen.Highlights of Statistical Signal and Array Processing.IEEE Signal Processing,1998:21-64P
[2]田坦,孙大军.声纳技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2000:10-12页
[3]Nai-Chyuan Yen,William Carey.Application of synthetic aperture processing to towed-array data.J Acoust Soc Am.1989,86(2):754-765P
[4]Stergios Stergiopoulos.Extended towed array processing by an overlap correlator.J Acoust Soc Am,1989,86(1):158-171P
[5]Stergios Stergiopoulos.Optimun bearing resolution for a moving towed array and extension of its physical aperture.J Acoust Soc Am,1990,87(5):2128-2140P
[6]Nuttall A H.The maximun likelihood estimator for acoustic synthetic aperture processing.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1992,17(1):26-29P
[7]Stergios Stergiopoulos,Heinz Urban.A new passive synthetic aperture technique for towed arrays.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1992,17(1):16-25P
[8]Ross Williams,Bernard Harris.Passive acoustic synthetic aperture processing techniques.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1992,17(1):8-15P
[9]Rajagopal R,P Ramakrishna Rao.Performance comparison of PASA beamforming algorithms.IEEE International symposium on signal processing and its applications,Gold Coast,Australia,1996:825-828P
[10]D.Billon and M.A.Pinto.Some general consideration for synthetic aperture sonar design,Proceedings of the IEEE Oceans,1995:1665-1670P
[11]张春华,刘纪元.合成孔径声纳成像及其研究进展.北京:中国科学院声学研究所.2004
[12]张春华,刘纪元.合成孔径声纳技术的研究发展及未来.北京:中国科学院声学研究所.2004
[13]S.Stergiopoulos and E.J.Sullivan.Extended towed array processing by an overlap correlator.J.Acoust.Soc.Amer,1989:158-171
[14]廖风云.潜艇辐射噪声测量及被动测距研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2007:3-5页
[15]Jun H.Kim,Psaaive Ranging Sonar Based on Multi-Beam Towed Array,IEEE,2000:1495-1499P
[16]Jinsong Tang,Chunhua Zhang,Nansong Li,Guangyi Fu,Shuqiu Li,Qihu Li,Motion compensation in synthetic aperture sonar,UDT99.29,1999:73-77P
[17]姜南,孙大军,田坦.基于时延和相位估计的合成孔径声纳运动补偿研究.声学学报.2003:434-438页
[18]Miasnikov E V.What is know about the character of noise created by submarines? Appendix 1 of the future of Russia strategic unclear forces,Discussions and arguments,1999
[19]刘辉涛.线阵信号检测的被动合成孔径技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2005:6-8页
[20]董庆,郭东华.合成孔径雷达海洋遥感.北京:科学出版社.2007:15-19页
[21]吕钱浩.矢量传感器阵列技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2004
[22]阎福旺,凌青,栾经德,何巨模,彭延艺.现代声纳技术.海洋出版社.1998
[23]赵羽.矢量阵阵处理研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2004:22-23页
[24]张揽月.矢量水听器阵列处理技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2005
[25]钱刚.合成孔径声纳技术研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2003:23-30页
[26]S.W.Autrey.Passive synthetic arrays.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1988:593-598P
[27]E.J.Sullivan,J.D.Holmes,Willian M.Carey and J.F.Lynch.Broadband passive synthetic aperture.Experimental results.JASA-EL.2006
[28]W.M.Carey and W.B.Moseley.Space-time processing environmental-acoustic effects,in Progress in Underwater Acoustics.1991
[29]S.Stergiopoulos.Implementation of Adaptive ands Synthetic Aperture Processing Schemes in Integrated Active-Passive Sonar Systems.IEEE.1998
[30]Seungil Kim,Chungyong Lee,Won Cheol Lbe,Ki Man Kim and Dae Hee Youn.An Array Aperture Synthesis Technique For Noisy Environment.IEEE.1999:315-318P
[31]何心怡,蒋兴舟,李启虎.基于舰船噪声线谱特征的ETAM方法仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2004
[32]尤立克.水声原理.哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工业学院出版社.1990
[33]何心怡,蒋兴舟,李启虎.矢量水听器线列阵的被动合成孔径技术.武汉理工大学学报.2003
[34]王之程,陈宗岐,于沨,刘文帅.舰船噪声测量与分析.国防工业出版社.2004
[35]孙大军.合成孔径声纳技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2000:51-56页
[36]夏春艳,刘文帅.应用合成孔径技术进行实船噪声源分析.舰船科学技术.2005
[37]Xinyi He,Xingzhou Jiang and Qihu Li.Line spectrum of Ship Noise and High-resolution Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Method of FFTSA Passive Synthetic Aperture Technology.IEEE.2003
[38]Hock Siong LIM,Poh Bee TONG and Chin Swee CHIA.Scenario Based Study Of ETAM and FFTSA in Realistic Simulated Envuronment.IEEE.2006:16-19P
[39]Holmes J.D,Sullivan E.J,Carey W.M.Passive synthetic aperture processing with an autonomous underwater vehicle towed hydrophone array.IEEE.2006:18-21P
[40]胡鹏,杨益新,杨士莪.基于线形预测的虚拟阵元波束形成.声学技术.2007,26(4):5-10页
[41]Alec J Duncan,John D Penrose and Darryl R McMahon.Measurement of radiated noise using a vessel's own towed array-a progress report.Australian Acoustical Society Conference,2000
[42]J.D.Holmes,W.M.Carey,and J.P.Lynch.Results from the Nantucket Sound autonomous underwater vehicle towed hydrophone array experiment.IEEE.2006
[2]田坦,孙大军.声纳技术.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社.2000:10-12页
[3]Nai-Chyuan Yen,William Carey.Application of synthetic aperture processing to towed-array data.J Acoust Soc Am.1989,86(2):754-765P
[4]Stergios Stergiopoulos.Extended towed array processing by an overlap correlator.J Acoust Soc Am,1989,86(1):158-171P
[5]Stergios Stergiopoulos.Optimun bearing resolution for a moving towed array and extension of its physical aperture.J Acoust Soc Am,1990,87(5):2128-2140P
[6]Nuttall A H.The maximun likelihood estimator for acoustic synthetic aperture processing.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1992,17(1):26-29P
[7]Stergios Stergiopoulos,Heinz Urban.A new passive synthetic aperture technique for towed arrays.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1992,17(1):16-25P
[8]Ross Williams,Bernard Harris.Passive acoustic synthetic aperture processing techniques.IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1992,17(1):8-15P
[9]Rajagopal R,P Ramakrishna Rao.Performance comparison of PASA beamforming algorithms.IEEE International symposium on signal processing and its applications,Gold Coast,Australia,1996:825-828P
[10]D.Billon and M.A.Pinto.Some general consideration for synthetic aperture sonar design,Proceedings of the IEEE Oceans,1995:1665-1670P
[11]张春华,刘纪元.合成孔径声纳成像及其研究进展.北京:中国科学院声学研究所.2004
[12]张春华,刘纪元.合成孔径声纳技术的研究发展及未来.北京:中国科学院声学研究所.2004
[13]S.Stergiopoulos and E.J.Sullivan.Extended towed array processing by an overlap correlator.J.Acoust.Soc.Amer,1989:158-171
[14]廖风云.潜艇辐射噪声测量及被动测距研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2007:3-5页
[15]Jun H.Kim,Psaaive Ranging Sonar Based on Multi-Beam Towed Array,IEEE,2000:1495-1499P
[16]Jinsong Tang,Chunhua Zhang,Nansong Li,Guangyi Fu,Shuqiu Li,Qihu Li,Motion compensation in synthetic aperture sonar,UDT99.29,1999:73-77P
[17]姜南,孙大军,田坦.基于时延和相位估计的合成孔径声纳运动补偿研究.声学学报.2003:434-438页
[18]Miasnikov E V.What is know about the character of noise created by submarines? Appendix 1 of the future of Russia strategic unclear forces,Discussions and arguments,1999
[19]刘辉涛.线阵信号检测的被动合成孔径技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2005:6-8页
[20]董庆,郭东华.合成孔径雷达海洋遥感.北京:科学出版社.2007:15-19页
[21]吕钱浩.矢量传感器阵列技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2004
[22]阎福旺,凌青,栾经德,何巨模,彭延艺.现代声纳技术.海洋出版社.1998
[23]赵羽.矢量阵阵处理研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2004:22-23页
[24]张揽月.矢量水听器阵列处理技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学博士学位论文.2005
[25]钱刚.合成孔径声纳技术研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2003:23-30页
[26]S.W.Autrey.Passive synthetic arrays.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1988:593-598P
[27]E.J.Sullivan,J.D.Holmes,Willian M.Carey and J.F.Lynch.Broadband passive synthetic aperture.Experimental results.JASA-EL.2006
[28]W.M.Carey and W.B.Moseley.Space-time processing environmental-acoustic effects,in Progress in Underwater Acoustics.1991
[29]S.Stergiopoulos.Implementation of Adaptive ands Synthetic Aperture Processing Schemes in Integrated Active-Passive Sonar Systems.IEEE.1998
[30]Seungil Kim,Chungyong Lee,Won Cheol Lbe,Ki Man Kim and Dae Hee Youn.An Array Aperture Synthesis Technique For Noisy Environment.IEEE.1999:315-318P
[31]何心怡,蒋兴舟,李启虎.基于舰船噪声线谱特征的ETAM方法仿真研究.系统仿真学报.2004
[32]尤立克.水声原理.哈尔滨:哈尔滨船舶工业学院出版社.1990
[33]何心怡,蒋兴舟,李启虎.矢量水听器线列阵的被动合成孔径技术.武汉理工大学学报.2003
[34]王之程,陈宗岐,于沨,刘文帅.舰船噪声测量与分析.国防工业出版社.2004
[35]孙大军.合成孔径声纳技术研究.哈尔滨工程大学学报.2000:51-56页
[36]夏春艳,刘文帅.应用合成孔径技术进行实船噪声源分析.舰船科学技术.2005
[37]Xinyi He,Xingzhou Jiang and Qihu Li.Line spectrum of Ship Noise and High-resolution Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Method of FFTSA Passive Synthetic Aperture Technology.IEEE.2003
[38]Hock Siong LIM,Poh Bee TONG and Chin Swee CHIA.Scenario Based Study Of ETAM and FFTSA in Realistic Simulated Envuronment.IEEE.2006:16-19P
[39]Holmes J.D,Sullivan E.J,Carey W.M.Passive synthetic aperture processing with an autonomous underwater vehicle towed hydrophone array.IEEE.2006:18-21P
[40]胡鹏,杨益新,杨士莪.基于线形预测的虚拟阵元波束形成.声学技术.2007,26(4):5-10页
[41]Alec J Duncan,John D Penrose and Darryl R McMahon.Measurement of radiated noise using a vessel's own towed array-a progress report.Australian Acoustical Society Conference,2000
[42]J.D.Holmes,W.M.Carey,and J.P.Lynch.Results from the Nantucket Sound autonomous underwater vehicle towed hydrophone array experiment.IEEE.2006