基于生态的水利工程水量水质联合调度及效应评价研究
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摘要
随着传统水利向可持续发展为目标的生态水利的转变,水利工程的职能也将发生变化,除了满足社会经济发展的需求之外,还要考虑对生态环境保护和改善的功能,以实现经济与生态环境与社会的协调发展。
本文从哲学、生态经济学、社会学三个层面对生态水利进行思考,剖析了生态水利的内涵,构建水生态动力学系统仿真模型框架。以河道系统为研究对象,建立了河网水量水质联合模拟数学模型,通过水流水质数值计算,实现水量水质的联合模拟。分析了水生生态系统能流、物流通道和TN、TP迁移转化构成的复合系统,以TN、TP为指标,建立了河流水生态系统的系统动力学模型框架,追踪TN、TP的迁移转化趋势,对水环境状况进行监控。从发挥已有水利工程改善生态环境的功能出发,以研究区内系统综合水质改善程度最大、对防洪影响程度最小、研究区内系统综合缺水量最小为目标,建立了河网水量水质多目标联合优化调度数学模型。针对水利工程的生态环境功能评价的需求,联合采用层次分析法和模糊数学评价方法建立了水利工程生态效应分析评价模型。
以连云港市区河网为例,建立了水量水质联合优化调度模型,确定合理的调水方案。应用水利工程生态效应分析评价模型,评判了水利工程功能改善在维护生态环境中的作用。采用调查统计资料对调水前后河道生态环境改善情况进行了定性定量分析。
With the transformation of water conservancy from traditional to eco-hydraulic with the aim of sustainable development, functions of water conservancy engineering have been changed, that is, the protection and amelioration of ecological environment should be taken into account, except for meeting the demand of social economy development on water resources.This study focused on the eco-hydraulic system through the angles of philosophy, eco-economy and sociology. Contents of the eco-hydraulic system were construed, and the framework of the discipline was designed. A hydraulic-environmental model coupling water quantity with water quality was proposed to simulate and predict the hydraulic-environmental elements for river network. Components of the compound eco-system were investigated, including the energy current of aquatic eco-system, substantial current passage and, the transfer-transform of TN and TP, upon which, the framework of a system dynamic model (SD) regarding to the river aquatic eco-system was developed. In order to perfect and exert the environmental function of current water conservancy projects, and aiming at maximizing the improvement of water quantity and minimizing the short of water amount, a operational water transfer model coupling multi-objective optimal arithmetic with the hydraulic-environmental simulation model was established for a river network. An assessment model designed for analyzing the ecological reaction and effect of water conservancy projects was presented, solutions of the model were obtained by applying the analytic hierarchy analysis and fuzzy mathematics.Based on the analysis of ecological response of water conservancy projects in the Lianyungang city, an optimal water resources regulation scheme was provided which couples with the water quantity and water quality simulation in river network. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the improvement on the city's eco-system after the application of the model were demonstrated.
本文从哲学、生态经济学、社会学三个层面对生态水利进行思考,剖析了生态水利的内涵,构建水生态动力学系统仿真模型框架。以河道系统为研究对象,建立了河网水量水质联合模拟数学模型,通过水流水质数值计算,实现水量水质的联合模拟。分析了水生生态系统能流、物流通道和TN、TP迁移转化构成的复合系统,以TN、TP为指标,建立了河流水生态系统的系统动力学模型框架,追踪TN、TP的迁移转化趋势,对水环境状况进行监控。从发挥已有水利工程改善生态环境的功能出发,以研究区内系统综合水质改善程度最大、对防洪影响程度最小、研究区内系统综合缺水量最小为目标,建立了河网水量水质多目标联合优化调度数学模型。针对水利工程的生态环境功能评价的需求,联合采用层次分析法和模糊数学评价方法建立了水利工程生态效应分析评价模型。
以连云港市区河网为例,建立了水量水质联合优化调度模型,确定合理的调水方案。应用水利工程生态效应分析评价模型,评判了水利工程功能改善在维护生态环境中的作用。采用调查统计资料对调水前后河道生态环境改善情况进行了定性定量分析。
With the transformation of water conservancy from traditional to eco-hydraulic with the aim of sustainable development, functions of water conservancy engineering have been changed, that is, the protection and amelioration of ecological environment should be taken into account, except for meeting the demand of social economy development on water resources.This study focused on the eco-hydraulic system through the angles of philosophy, eco-economy and sociology. Contents of the eco-hydraulic system were construed, and the framework of the discipline was designed. A hydraulic-environmental model coupling water quantity with water quality was proposed to simulate and predict the hydraulic-environmental elements for river network. Components of the compound eco-system were investigated, including the energy current of aquatic eco-system, substantial current passage and, the transfer-transform of TN and TP, upon which, the framework of a system dynamic model (SD) regarding to the river aquatic eco-system was developed. In order to perfect and exert the environmental function of current water conservancy projects, and aiming at maximizing the improvement of water quantity and minimizing the short of water amount, a operational water transfer model coupling multi-objective optimal arithmetic with the hydraulic-environmental simulation model was established for a river network. An assessment model designed for analyzing the ecological reaction and effect of water conservancy projects was presented, solutions of the model were obtained by applying the analytic hierarchy analysis and fuzzy mathematics.Based on the analysis of ecological response of water conservancy projects in the Lianyungang city, an optimal water resources regulation scheme was provided which couples with the water quantity and water quality simulation in river network. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the improvement on the city's eco-system after the application of the model were demonstrated.
引文
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