水稻水孔蛋白与钾通道协同调控及参与种子萌发
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摘要
在植物响应干旱胁迫或其它胁迫的反应中,水孔蛋白和钾通道蛋白可能对维持胞内适当的渗透压至关重要。然而在植物中关于二者功能上的相互联系仍然需要研究。在我们的研究工作中我们就水稻(Oryza sativa)水孔蛋白和钾通道蛋白的协同调控关系进行了探讨。在响应于K~+缺乏及水分亏缺的反应中,质膜水孔蛋白(PIP)和钾通道蛋白在转录水平上表现相似的调控模式,即K+缺乏诱导了PIPs及几个编码钾通道蛋白的基因的表达,而PEG介导的水分短缺下调了上述二者的表达。在K~+缺乏时,与PIP的表达上调一致,水稻根系水导度(Lp)也被升高。而且缺钾处理影响了K~+的吸收,但是没有影响植物中K~+的含量。钾通道蛋白的抑制剂CsCl处理降低了水稻幼苗K~+的含量,同时像水孔蛋白的抑制剂HgCl2的作用一样能够降低水导度。综合以上结果,PIPs和钾通道蛋白在水稻的渗透调节过程中存在功能性的协同调控。
以前的研究工作表明几个水孔蛋白可能参与了种子的萌发过程,但我们仍然需要进一步探讨更多的水孔蛋白在这个过程中的作用,尤其是研究整个水孔蛋白家族在此过程中可能起到的作用。在此项研究工作中我们分析了PIPs在种子萌发进行中以及萌发后的表达模式,其结果显示在水稻胚部位它们的表达受发育所调控。PIPs的表达模式表明这些水孔蛋白在种子萌发和幼苗生长发育过程中可能发挥不同的作用。OsPIP1;1和OsPIP1;3基因的部分沉默降低了种子的萌发能力,而OsPIP1;3基因的超表达则促进种子在干旱胁迫环境下的萌发。而且在种子萌发过程中OsPIP1;3主要在种子的胚部位表达。我们的结果还显示一氧化氮(NO)的释放剂SNP和GSNO能够促进种子的萌发,而NO的清除剂PTIO抑制了种子的萌发,并且PTIO能够消除NO释放剂对种子萌发的促进作用。外源NO的使用促进了在萌发进行中的种子内OsPIP1;1、OsPIP1;2、OsPIP1;3以及OsPIP2;8的表达。上述结果表明水孔蛋白在种子萌发过程中发挥着重要的作用,而且部分水孔蛋白可能是通过响应NO信号途径而发挥作用的。
Water channel proteins and potassium channel proteins are likely critical for a plant tomaintain proper cytosolic osmolarity in response to drought or other stresses. However,evidence linking water channel and potassium channel functions in plants remains to bedemonstrated. In our study we examined K~+ channel/transporters and water channels in rice(Oryza sativa L. spp indica cv. Guangluai 4) to reveal a potential functional correlation. ThemRNA expression levels of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and K~+channel/transporters responded similarly to K+ starvation or water deprivation. Transcriptionof the PIP-and K~+ channel-encoding genes was induced by K~+ starvation, and could bedown-regulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated water deficit. Consistent with theinduced PIP expression, root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) also increased during K~+ starvation.Furthermore, the K~+ uptake capacity, but not the K+ content, was likely influenced by K~+starvation. The K~+ channel inhibitor, Cesium chloride (CsCl) treatment decreased K~+ contentin the rice seedlings, and reduced root Lp as did the water channel inhibitor, mercuric chloride(HgCl2). These results are compatible with the conclusion that PIP and K~+channel/transporters are functionally co-regulated in rice osmoregulation.
Previous studies have demonstrated the possible role of several aquaporins in seedgermination. But the investigation of the role of more aquaporins, especially with aquaporinfamily in this process, still remains required. In our research work, the developmentalregulation of plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) expression was described by analyzingits expression throughout germination and post-germination processes in rice embryos. Theexpression patterns of the PIPs suggest these aquaporins play different roles in seedgermination and in seedling growth. Partial silencing of the water channel genes, OsPIP1;1and OsPIP1;3, reduced seed germination while over-expression OsPIP1;3 promoted seedgermination under water stress conditions. Moreover, spatial expression analysis indicatedthat OsPIP1;3 expressed predominantly in embryo during seed germination. Our data also
revealed that the NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO),promoted seed germination;furthermore, the NO scavenger,2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), inhibitedgermination and reduced the stimulatory effects of SNP and GSNO on germination of rice.Exogenous NO stimulated the transcription of OsPIP1;1, OsPIP1;2, OsPIP1;3 and OsPIP2;8in germinating seeds. These results suggest that water channels play an important role in seedgermination, acting, at least partly, in response to the NO signaling pathway.
以前的研究工作表明几个水孔蛋白可能参与了种子的萌发过程,但我们仍然需要进一步探讨更多的水孔蛋白在这个过程中的作用,尤其是研究整个水孔蛋白家族在此过程中可能起到的作用。在此项研究工作中我们分析了PIPs在种子萌发进行中以及萌发后的表达模式,其结果显示在水稻胚部位它们的表达受发育所调控。PIPs的表达模式表明这些水孔蛋白在种子萌发和幼苗生长发育过程中可能发挥不同的作用。OsPIP1;1和OsPIP1;3基因的部分沉默降低了种子的萌发能力,而OsPIP1;3基因的超表达则促进种子在干旱胁迫环境下的萌发。而且在种子萌发过程中OsPIP1;3主要在种子的胚部位表达。我们的结果还显示一氧化氮(NO)的释放剂SNP和GSNO能够促进种子的萌发,而NO的清除剂PTIO抑制了种子的萌发,并且PTIO能够消除NO释放剂对种子萌发的促进作用。外源NO的使用促进了在萌发进行中的种子内OsPIP1;1、OsPIP1;2、OsPIP1;3以及OsPIP2;8的表达。上述结果表明水孔蛋白在种子萌发过程中发挥着重要的作用,而且部分水孔蛋白可能是通过响应NO信号途径而发挥作用的。
Water channel proteins and potassium channel proteins are likely critical for a plant tomaintain proper cytosolic osmolarity in response to drought or other stresses. However,evidence linking water channel and potassium channel functions in plants remains to bedemonstrated. In our study we examined K~+ channel/transporters and water channels in rice(Oryza sativa L. spp indica cv. Guangluai 4) to reveal a potential functional correlation. ThemRNA expression levels of plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) and K~+channel/transporters responded similarly to K+ starvation or water deprivation. Transcriptionof the PIP-and K~+ channel-encoding genes was induced by K~+ starvation, and could bedown-regulated by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated water deficit. Consistent with theinduced PIP expression, root hydraulic conductivity (Lp) also increased during K~+ starvation.Furthermore, the K~+ uptake capacity, but not the K+ content, was likely influenced by K~+starvation. The K~+ channel inhibitor, Cesium chloride (CsCl) treatment decreased K~+ contentin the rice seedlings, and reduced root Lp as did the water channel inhibitor, mercuric chloride(HgCl2). These results are compatible with the conclusion that PIP and K~+channel/transporters are functionally co-regulated in rice osmoregulation.
Previous studies have demonstrated the possible role of several aquaporins in seedgermination. But the investigation of the role of more aquaporins, especially with aquaporinfamily in this process, still remains required. In our research work, the developmentalregulation of plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) expression was described by analyzingits expression throughout germination and post-germination processes in rice embryos. Theexpression patterns of the PIPs suggest these aquaporins play different roles in seedgermination and in seedling growth. Partial silencing of the water channel genes, OsPIP1;1and OsPIP1;3, reduced seed germination while over-expression OsPIP1;3 promoted seedgermination under water stress conditions. Moreover, spatial expression analysis indicatedthat OsPIP1;3 expressed predominantly in embryo during seed germination. Our data also
revealed that the NO donors, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO),promoted seed germination;furthermore, the NO scavenger,2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), inhibitedgermination and reduced the stimulatory effects of SNP and GSNO on germination of rice.Exogenous NO stimulated the transcription of OsPIP1;1, OsPIP1;2, OsPIP1;3 and OsPIP2;8in germinating seeds. These results suggest that water channels play an important role in seedgermination, acting, at least partly, in response to the NO signaling pathway.
引文
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