铁路行车安全事故分析及对策研究
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摘要
安全是铁路运输的永恒主题，是铁路企业一切工作的基础，是铁路工作质量的综合反映。“安全不稳，局无宁日”，安全形势不稳，事故不断，将直接影响铁路的经济效益和社会效益。铁路越是深化改革，走向市场，加快发展，越要强化安全基础，搞好安全生产。
本论文以成都铁路分局1990—2001年发生的行车事故为背景，根据铁路行车事故性质系统研究重大、大、险性和一般事故。运用人—机—环境工程学理论和事故树、事变树、成败树等多种模型，采用宏观分析与微观分析相结合的办法，对列车火灾、冲突、脱轨、冒进、溜逸、错误办理接发列车以及调车等惯性事故进行系统分析。从直接影响铁路运输安全的因素人员、设备、环境来分析事故发生的原因及其相互间的内在联系，科学合理地提出预防措施，减少行车事故的发生，避免重蹈覆辙。论文的主要工作如下：
1、统计分析成都铁路分局1990—2001年行车安全的基本情况；
2、利用系统工程学理论，系统研究列车火灾事故发生的原因，利用成败树模型宏观分析旅客列车安全，并分别从软件和硬件上提出了预防旅客列车火灾事故的对策措施。建立列车冲突事故树模型，定量分析列车冲突事故产生的原因，提出列车冲突事故预防措施；
3、针对列车脱轨惯性事故，利用车辆动力学等原理，系统分析研究列车在曲线路段脱轨和货物列车在直线地段脱轨问题，提出预防列车脱轨的新策略；
4、系统分析研究列车冒进、车辆溜逸、车辆制动梁拉杆脱落以及错误办理接发列车惯性事故发生的原因，有针对地分别提出预防措施；
5、采用事故树的分析办法，找出造成调车作业挤岔事故的主要因素及其组合，寻求相应的预防措施，减少调车作业挤岔事故的发生。分析铁路运输、
西南交通大学工程硕士研究生学位论文 第＊页
机务、工务、电务、车辆等部门造成延误列车事故的主要原因，提出预防措施；
6、针对成都分局安全生产形势动荡不稳，分析成都分局安全生产中班组
管理、职工“两违”、现场作业卡控、职工岗位责任制、行车设备质量以及施
工安全方面的现状，深刻剖析安全管理机制方面存在的问题，就实现成都分局
安全生产有序可控进行对策研究。
The safety is the theme of railway transportation,the basis of all the railway works,the comprehensive express of railway work quality,"the Safety not reliable,railroad branch not calm",traffic accident will influence directly the economical and social benefits of railways. The railway must enhance the safety base and do safety work well as the railway reforms deeply and develops quickly.
The thesis studies the serious,great,danger and daily railway traffic accidents which took place in Chengdu railway branch from 1990 to 2001 as the background. In the thesis,the railway traffic accidents of the fire disaster,conflict,separation from the track,smooth movement,slide,mistake operation of the train meeting and departing,the movement of the train will be analyzed systematically,applying the engineering theory of human-machine-environment and the model of the accident tree,the changing tree,the tree of success-lose. This thesis puts forward to the forecast and scientific measures,reduces the occurrence of the railway traffic accident,avoids drawing a lesson with the analysis of the accident occurrence reason and mutual contact of human,equipments environments which influence directly the railway traffic safety. The main work of the thesis as follows:
1. The statistics of the main railway traffic accidents which took place in Chengdu railroad branch from 1990 to 2001.
2. The systematic reason studies of the fire disasters on train,magnificent analysis of the passenger train accidents with the model of success-lose tree,putting forward to the forecast measures. Setting up the model of the train conflict accident to analysis the reason and put forward to the prevention measures.
3. The systematic study of the train conflict accident taken place in crooked track and straight track with the motive force theory of railway carriage,putting forward to the new prevention measures.
4. The systematic research of accident reason of the smooth movement,the slide,the separatation of the brake role from carriage,the mistake operation of the train meeting and departing,putting forward to the prevention measures.
5. Finding of the main factors that railway installation was pressed destructively in order to reduce the accident occurrence with the prevention measures. The analysis of the main reasons that the department of the transportation,the locomotive,the circuit,the electricity and the carriage cause the accidents of delaying the train,put forward to the prevention measures.
6. With the safety turbulence situation of Chengdu railroad branch,analyzing the safety managements in team management,the staff and workers labor discipline,the on-the-spot control,the staff and workers duty,the equipment quality and the construction safety,the deeply analyzing existing troubles of safety management institution,working out the counter measures of Chengdu railroad branch to improve the safety managements and realize the controlling situation.
本论文以成都铁路分局1990—2001年发生的行车事故为背景，根据铁路行车事故性质系统研究重大、大、险性和一般事故。运用人—机—环境工程学理论和事故树、事变树、成败树等多种模型，采用宏观分析与微观分析相结合的办法，对列车火灾、冲突、脱轨、冒进、溜逸、错误办理接发列车以及调车等惯性事故进行系统分析。从直接影响铁路运输安全的因素人员、设备、环境来分析事故发生的原因及其相互间的内在联系，科学合理地提出预防措施，减少行车事故的发生，避免重蹈覆辙。论文的主要工作如下：
1、统计分析成都铁路分局1990—2001年行车安全的基本情况；
2、利用系统工程学理论，系统研究列车火灾事故发生的原因，利用成败树模型宏观分析旅客列车安全，并分别从软件和硬件上提出了预防旅客列车火灾事故的对策措施。建立列车冲突事故树模型，定量分析列车冲突事故产生的原因，提出列车冲突事故预防措施；
3、针对列车脱轨惯性事故，利用车辆动力学等原理，系统分析研究列车在曲线路段脱轨和货物列车在直线地段脱轨问题，提出预防列车脱轨的新策略；
4、系统分析研究列车冒进、车辆溜逸、车辆制动梁拉杆脱落以及错误办理接发列车惯性事故发生的原因，有针对地分别提出预防措施；
5、采用事故树的分析办法，找出造成调车作业挤岔事故的主要因素及其组合，寻求相应的预防措施，减少调车作业挤岔事故的发生。分析铁路运输、
西南交通大学工程硕士研究生学位论文 第＊页
机务、工务、电务、车辆等部门造成延误列车事故的主要原因，提出预防措施；
6、针对成都分局安全生产形势动荡不稳，分析成都分局安全生产中班组
管理、职工“两违”、现场作业卡控、职工岗位责任制、行车设备质量以及施
工安全方面的现状，深刻剖析安全管理机制方面存在的问题，就实现成都分局
安全生产有序可控进行对策研究。
The safety is the theme of railway transportation,the basis of all the railway works,the comprehensive express of railway work quality,"the Safety not reliable,railroad branch not calm",traffic accident will influence directly the economical and social benefits of railways. The railway must enhance the safety base and do safety work well as the railway reforms deeply and develops quickly.
The thesis studies the serious,great,danger and daily railway traffic accidents which took place in Chengdu railway branch from 1990 to 2001 as the background. In the thesis,the railway traffic accidents of the fire disaster,conflict,separation from the track,smooth movement,slide,mistake operation of the train meeting and departing,the movement of the train will be analyzed systematically,applying the engineering theory of human-machine-environment and the model of the accident tree,the changing tree,the tree of success-lose. This thesis puts forward to the forecast and scientific measures,reduces the occurrence of the railway traffic accident,avoids drawing a lesson with the analysis of the accident occurrence reason and mutual contact of human,equipments environments which influence directly the railway traffic safety. The main work of the thesis as follows:
1. The statistics of the main railway traffic accidents which took place in Chengdu railroad branch from 1990 to 2001.
2. The systematic reason studies of the fire disasters on train,magnificent analysis of the passenger train accidents with the model of success-lose tree,putting forward to the forecast measures. Setting up the model of the train conflict accident to analysis the reason and put forward to the prevention measures.
3. The systematic study of the train conflict accident taken place in crooked track and straight track with the motive force theory of railway carriage,putting forward to the new prevention measures.
4. The systematic research of accident reason of the smooth movement,the slide,the separatation of the brake role from carriage,the mistake operation of the train meeting and departing,putting forward to the prevention measures.
5. Finding of the main factors that railway installation was pressed destructively in order to reduce the accident occurrence with the prevention measures. The analysis of the main reasons that the department of the transportation,the locomotive,the circuit,the electricity and the carriage cause the accidents of delaying the train,put forward to the prevention measures.
6. With the safety turbulence situation of Chengdu railroad branch,analyzing the safety managements in team management,the staff and workers labor discipline,the on-the-spot control,the staff and workers duty,the equipment quality and the construction safety,the deeply analyzing existing troubles of safety management institution,working out the counter measures of Chengdu railroad branch to improve the safety managements and realize the controlling situation.
引文
1 林泽炎．事故预防实用技术．科学技术文献出版社．1999年
2 甘心盂．沈斐敏．安全科学技术导论．气象出版社．2000年
3 李业．预测学．华南理工大学出版社．1988年
4 顾炎．铁路运输工程．中国铁道出版社．1997年
5 胡培．赵冬梅．管理科学基本原理与方法．西南交通大学出版社．1996年
6 赵吉山．肖贵平．铁路运输安全管理．中国铁道出版社．1999年
7 曹琦．铁路安全系统工程简明教程．西南交通大学出版社．1988年
8 刘东明，孙桂林．安全人机工程学．中国劳动出版社．1993年
9 孟宪珠．运输安全环境概论．中国铁道出版社．1994年
10 廖济广等．铁路安全系统工程．湖南大学出版社．1987年
11 刘兰阶．铁路行车安全．科学技术文献出版社．1993年
12 陈佳玲等．铁路行车安全保障系统构成及其运作．中国铁道出版社1996年
13 曹琦等．人机工程设计．西南交通大学出版社．1988年
14 张于心．智明光．综合评价指标体系和评价方法．北方交通大学学报．1995年
15 刘东明，卢欣．“车机联控”是保证铁路运输安全的有效管理手段．铁路运输与经济．1994年
16 杨平安．铁路报警系统．陕西工学院学报．1995年
17 邓级．运输安全心理学．安徽科学技术出版社．1995年
18 邓聚龙．灰色系统基本方法．华中理工大学出版社．1995年
19 孙翔．世界各国的高速铁路．西南交通大学出版社．1994年
20 张国伍．交通运输系统分析．西南交通大学出版社．1992年
21 Ted. S.Ferry. Modern accident investigation and Analysys. 1981
22 20 Pc Vythoulkas.. Alternative approaches to short term traffic forecasting for use in drive information system. transportation and traffic theory 1993
23 Corinne ledous. An urban traffic flow model integrating neural networks. transpn. rs. c1997, (5) :287-300
24 L.de. Santiago. Southern high-speed line. rail international. 1998
25 Y.Sato. The e4 Series double-decker high-speed EMU. rail international. 1999
26 J.L.Martin Cuesta.high-speed in spain-achievements to date, future projects. rail international. 1999
27 D.Wilhelw. Technicalaspects for high-speed traffic in eastern europe. rail international. 1998
28 A.Savini Nicci. the florence-bologna high-speed line. rail international. 1999
29 R.Heihisch. High-speed rail projects in Germany. rail international. 1998
30 Graham D.Edikins.Alare m.pollock pro-active safety management application and ebaluation within a rail context safety science. 1995
2 甘心盂．沈斐敏．安全科学技术导论．气象出版社．2000年
3 李业．预测学．华南理工大学出版社．1988年
4 顾炎．铁路运输工程．中国铁道出版社．1997年
5 胡培．赵冬梅．管理科学基本原理与方法．西南交通大学出版社．1996年
6 赵吉山．肖贵平．铁路运输安全管理．中国铁道出版社．1999年
7 曹琦．铁路安全系统工程简明教程．西南交通大学出版社．1988年
8 刘东明，孙桂林．安全人机工程学．中国劳动出版社．1993年
9 孟宪珠．运输安全环境概论．中国铁道出版社．1994年
10 廖济广等．铁路安全系统工程．湖南大学出版社．1987年
11 刘兰阶．铁路行车安全．科学技术文献出版社．1993年
12 陈佳玲等．铁路行车安全保障系统构成及其运作．中国铁道出版社1996年
13 曹琦等．人机工程设计．西南交通大学出版社．1988年
14 张于心．智明光．综合评价指标体系和评价方法．北方交通大学学报．1995年
15 刘东明，卢欣．“车机联控”是保证铁路运输安全的有效管理手段．铁路运输与经济．1994年
16 杨平安．铁路报警系统．陕西工学院学报．1995年
17 邓级．运输安全心理学．安徽科学技术出版社．1995年
18 邓聚龙．灰色系统基本方法．华中理工大学出版社．1995年
19 孙翔．世界各国的高速铁路．西南交通大学出版社．1994年
20 张国伍．交通运输系统分析．西南交通大学出版社．1992年
21 Ted. S.Ferry. Modern accident investigation and Analysys. 1981
22 20 Pc Vythoulkas.. Alternative approaches to short term traffic forecasting for use in drive information system. transportation and traffic theory 1993
23 Corinne ledous. An urban traffic flow model integrating neural networks. transpn. rs. c1997, (5) :287-300
24 L.de. Santiago. Southern high-speed line. rail international. 1998
25 Y.Sato. The e4 Series double-decker high-speed EMU. rail international. 1999
26 J.L.Martin Cuesta.high-speed in spain-achievements to date, future projects. rail international. 1999
27 D.Wilhelw. Technicalaspects for high-speed traffic in eastern europe. rail international. 1998
28 A.Savini Nicci. the florence-bologna high-speed line. rail international. 1999
29 R.Heihisch. High-speed rail projects in Germany. rail international. 1998
30 Graham D.Edikins.Alare m.pollock pro-active safety management application and ebaluation within a rail context safety science. 1995