高压水射流割缝的破煤机理及实验研究
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摘要
冲击地压是一种主要的矿山灾害,它的发生一般是突然的并难以预见的,所以容易造成人员及财产损失。因此需找一种经济有效的卸压方法以防治冲击地压就成为了矿山减灾工作的重要课题。与传统的大孔径机械钻孔方法及水射流钻孔方法相比,利用现有小孔径进行水射流割缝卸压的方法具有更良好的卸压效果,可以作为一种新的方法和技术途径进行深入研究。因此本文围绕着高压水射流割缝这一课题,从以下几个方面进行研究并得出结论:
首先,对高压水射流基础理论进行研究。分析了射流结构,射流参数以及射流作用下材料实效的机理,认为在水射流作用下煤岩主要是因为自身微裂隙扩展及水楔作用导致煤岩孔隙贯通脱落。
其次,对高压水射流割缝进行了相似材料模拟实验研究。实验分别得出了不同射流压力下试件的切割体积、切割深度以及不同射流流量下试件切割体积、切割深度之间的关系,并从实验角度说明对应于某一强度的煤岩,并不是压力越大越好,流量越大越好,当压力、流量超过某一数值后,其对于割缝的影响力减弱。
再次,对高压水射流割缝进行了数值模拟研究。运用ANSYS非线性有限单元法,对水射流割缝过程中某一时刻缝内切割面应力进行了分析,分析得出在不同射流压力下,切割面应力分布具有相似性,应力函数的非单调性以及缝底端的高应力集中,这与理论分析和实验现象都较好地吻合。
本文通过理论分析,实验研究和数值模拟研究分析了影响高压水射流割缝效率的因素,研究得出的结论对于进一步研究水射流割缝防治冲击地压技术以及将水射流割缝技术应用于其它领域具有较好的指导意义和借鉴价值。
Rock burst is one of the mining disasters, and it is difficult to predict leading to loss of property and workers’life. Hence, searching for effective methods to govern the rock burst, which is main subjects of mining accident decrease. Comparing with traditional methods of large aperture mechanical hole-drilling and water-jet hole-drilling, it can get a good result from small aperture mechanical hole-drilling,which can be studied further as a new approach. Consequently, this paper studies cutting seams by high-pressure water jet, we can get the conclusions:
Firstly, studying the elementary theory of high pressure water jet, analyzing the water jet construction, parameters as well as the actual mechanism, the main reasons of coal and rock shedding are fracture expansion and the water wedge under water jet.
Secondly, conducting experimental research on similar material simulation by high pressure water jet. We can get cutting volumn, cutting depth of different water jet pressure and the relationship between cutting volumn and cutting depth of different water jet quantity. From the aspect of the experiment, it demonstrates that not high pressure is good and great quantity is good. When pressure and quantity is beyond certain value, it can be reduced the ability of cutting seams.
Thirdly, researching on numerical simulation of high pressure water jet, applying nonlinear finite elements program ANSYS to analyze the cutting plane stress of the process of cutting seams. We can get the similarity of cutting plane stress, discordant stress function and stress concentration of low seams under different jet pressure, and the theoretical analysis can match experimental phenomenon.
This paper analyzes the influence of high pressure water jet by theoretical analysis, experiment and numerical simulation, and the conclusions can be applied to study rock burst governce by water jet, which is useful and meaningful to guide other realms using the technology of water jet.
首先,对高压水射流基础理论进行研究。分析了射流结构,射流参数以及射流作用下材料实效的机理,认为在水射流作用下煤岩主要是因为自身微裂隙扩展及水楔作用导致煤岩孔隙贯通脱落。
其次,对高压水射流割缝进行了相似材料模拟实验研究。实验分别得出了不同射流压力下试件的切割体积、切割深度以及不同射流流量下试件切割体积、切割深度之间的关系,并从实验角度说明对应于某一强度的煤岩,并不是压力越大越好,流量越大越好,当压力、流量超过某一数值后,其对于割缝的影响力减弱。
再次,对高压水射流割缝进行了数值模拟研究。运用ANSYS非线性有限单元法,对水射流割缝过程中某一时刻缝内切割面应力进行了分析,分析得出在不同射流压力下,切割面应力分布具有相似性,应力函数的非单调性以及缝底端的高应力集中,这与理论分析和实验现象都较好地吻合。
本文通过理论分析,实验研究和数值模拟研究分析了影响高压水射流割缝效率的因素,研究得出的结论对于进一步研究水射流割缝防治冲击地压技术以及将水射流割缝技术应用于其它领域具有较好的指导意义和借鉴价值。
Rock burst is one of the mining disasters, and it is difficult to predict leading to loss of property and workers’life. Hence, searching for effective methods to govern the rock burst, which is main subjects of mining accident decrease. Comparing with traditional methods of large aperture mechanical hole-drilling and water-jet hole-drilling, it can get a good result from small aperture mechanical hole-drilling,which can be studied further as a new approach. Consequently, this paper studies cutting seams by high-pressure water jet, we can get the conclusions:
Firstly, studying the elementary theory of high pressure water jet, analyzing the water jet construction, parameters as well as the actual mechanism, the main reasons of coal and rock shedding are fracture expansion and the water wedge under water jet.
Secondly, conducting experimental research on similar material simulation by high pressure water jet. We can get cutting volumn, cutting depth of different water jet pressure and the relationship between cutting volumn and cutting depth of different water jet quantity. From the aspect of the experiment, it demonstrates that not high pressure is good and great quantity is good. When pressure and quantity is beyond certain value, it can be reduced the ability of cutting seams.
Thirdly, researching on numerical simulation of high pressure water jet, applying nonlinear finite elements program ANSYS to analyze the cutting plane stress of the process of cutting seams. We can get the similarity of cutting plane stress, discordant stress function and stress concentration of low seams under different jet pressure, and the theoretical analysis can match experimental phenomenon.
This paper analyzes the influence of high pressure water jet by theoretical analysis, experiment and numerical simulation, and the conclusions can be applied to study rock burst governce by water jet, which is useful and meaningful to guide other realms using the technology of water jet.
引文
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[6] Rehbinder,G.Some Aspects of the Mechanics of Erosion of Rock with High Speed Water Jer.Proc.Of3nd Int.Symp[M]. On Jet Cutting Technology, Chocago, May 1976
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[12] Bila,V.J.Hydraulic Jet Technology.Versatile,Cost Effective,World Oil,Oct.1993:69~79
[13] Iyoho,A.W.,Summers,D.A. and Galecki,G.Petroleum Application of Emerging High-Pressure Waterjet Technology.SPE 26347,68thAnnual Techical Conf.And Exhibition,1993
[14]赵阳升,王成寿等.高压水射流可控自旋转钻头.2001.05 ,专利号:00136371..9
[15]常宗旭,赵阳升.三维应力作用下单一裂缝渗流规律的理论与实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004.2,Vol.23(4).
[16]代黎光,潘一山,阎海鹏,李英杰.大安山煤矿深部冲击矿压的数值模拟研究[J].煤矿开采.2008.13(5).89~92。
[17]李希勇,潘一山,徐方军,等丰煤矿深部冲击地压研究.[J].煤矿支护.2006(01):42~43
[18]王存文,姜福兴,孙庆国,基于覆岩空间结构理论的冲击地压预测技术及应用[J].煤炭学报.2009.34(2): 150~155.
[19]刘士君.冲击地压的成因浅析[J].煤炭技术.2009.28(1):179~181
[20]刘希圣.转井工艺原理.[M]石油工业出版社,1988
[21]沈忠厚.高压水射流技术在钻井中的应用.[J]石油钻采工艺Nol,1981
[22]张绍槐喷射钻井井底流场的研究.石油钻采工艺,3(l),1981
[23]赵国珍.关于喷射钻井中井底水力能量:的计算问题,石油钻采工艺,2(2),1980
[24]谢正红,王耀锋,段东.高压水射流扩孔效果的研究[J].煤矿安全.2009(04):4~7.
[25]冯增朝,昊海,赵阳升.裂隙岩体有效应力规律数值试验研究[J]理工大学学报,2003,34(6):713~715.
[26]赵阳升,杨栋,胡耀青等.低渗透煤储层煤层气开采有效技术途径的研究[J]煤炭学报,2001. 26(5):455~58.
[27]赵阳升,张明安,王成寿等.水射流连续推进的定向钻机.2003.09,专利号:Lz03122733.3.
[28]常宗旭,郤保平,赵阳升,赵隆茂.煤岩体水射流破碎机理[J]煤炭学报.2008.33(9):983~987.
[29]张永利,张彦路,李成全.水射流切割理论研究进展[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版).1999.18(10):503~506.
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