水平环肋管外TFE的凝结传热研究
|
摘要
本文的研究对象是日本三洋电机株式会社提供的新型吸收式制冷实验机中的冷凝器，研究重点是冷凝器在使用新型工质对TFE-NMP时的凝结换热情况。本文通过理论推导，获得了水平环肋管外冷凝表面传热系数的理论计算公式，然后把理论值与实验值进行了比较。
首先，本文以Nusselt理论为基础，运用三维坐标建立了肋片侧面的冷凝传热模型，对肋片侧面的冷凝传热机理进行了分析，得出了肋侧冷凝表面传热系数的积分表达式，并与传统解法的理论公式进行了比较。在此基础上，推导出水平环肋管在数值解法下的管外冷凝表面传热系数理论值的计算公式。其次，对实验进行了详细介绍，并给出了冷凝表面传热系数实验值的计算公式。最后，编写了计算程序，进行数据处理，求得管外冷凝表面传热系数的理论值与实验值，对二者进行了比较，分析了误差产生的原因，提出了冷凝器的改进方法。
本文所推导的冷凝表面传热系数的理论公式与实际情况基本相符，可应用于冷凝器的设计中。所得的实验结果能够为以TFE/NMP为工质对的同类吸收式制冷机组的进一步研究提供参考。
A detailed investigation on the condensation heat transfer of the condenser of the novel absorption refrigeration unit, which is provided by Japanese Sanyo Group is carried out in this thesis. Mechanism of the condensation heat transfer is highlighted when TFE-NMP is used as the working pair in the condenser. Through analysis, the theoretical solution of the condensation heat transfer coefficient of horizontal tubes with annular fins is obtained. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental ones.
Firstly, based on Nusselt's theory, a three-dimensional coordinates model is built to deal with condensation heat transfer on the side of the fin. With the model, the condensation heat transfer mechanism on the side of the fin is analyzed. As a result, an integral expression is obtained to calculate the condensation heat transfer coefficient on the side of the fin. The results are compared with that of conventional solution. Based on the above deduction, the numerical solution of the condensation heat transfer coefficient outside horizontal tubes with annular fins is obtained. Secondly, the experiment is introduced in detail and the correlation of the experimental values is given. And last, the experimental data are treated by using a program, and a comparison between the theoretical and the experimental results of the condensation heat transfer coefficient outside horizontal tubes with annular fins is conducted. According to the results, the cause of the error is explained, and the ways of improvement of condenser are put forward
The theoretical solution of the condensation heat transfer coefficient is in excellent agreement with the experimental one. Therefore it can be applied to the design of a condenser. The experimental results can be employed as a reference for the further research of the same sorts of absorption refrigeration units using TFE-NMP as the working pair.
首先，本文以Nusselt理论为基础，运用三维坐标建立了肋片侧面的冷凝传热模型，对肋片侧面的冷凝传热机理进行了分析，得出了肋侧冷凝表面传热系数的积分表达式，并与传统解法的理论公式进行了比较。在此基础上，推导出水平环肋管在数值解法下的管外冷凝表面传热系数理论值的计算公式。其次，对实验进行了详细介绍，并给出了冷凝表面传热系数实验值的计算公式。最后，编写了计算程序，进行数据处理，求得管外冷凝表面传热系数的理论值与实验值，对二者进行了比较，分析了误差产生的原因，提出了冷凝器的改进方法。
本文所推导的冷凝表面传热系数的理论公式与实际情况基本相符，可应用于冷凝器的设计中。所得的实验结果能够为以TFE/NMP为工质对的同类吸收式制冷机组的进一步研究提供参考。
A detailed investigation on the condensation heat transfer of the condenser of the novel absorption refrigeration unit, which is provided by Japanese Sanyo Group is carried out in this thesis. Mechanism of the condensation heat transfer is highlighted when TFE-NMP is used as the working pair in the condenser. Through analysis, the theoretical solution of the condensation heat transfer coefficient of horizontal tubes with annular fins is obtained. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental ones.
Firstly, based on Nusselt's theory, a three-dimensional coordinates model is built to deal with condensation heat transfer on the side of the fin. With the model, the condensation heat transfer mechanism on the side of the fin is analyzed. As a result, an integral expression is obtained to calculate the condensation heat transfer coefficient on the side of the fin. The results are compared with that of conventional solution. Based on the above deduction, the numerical solution of the condensation heat transfer coefficient outside horizontal tubes with annular fins is obtained. Secondly, the experiment is introduced in detail and the correlation of the experimental values is given. And last, the experimental data are treated by using a program, and a comparison between the theoretical and the experimental results of the condensation heat transfer coefficient outside horizontal tubes with annular fins is conducted. According to the results, the cause of the error is explained, and the ways of improvement of condenser are put forward
The theoretical solution of the condensation heat transfer coefficient is in excellent agreement with the experimental one. Therefore it can be applied to the design of a condenser. The experimental results can be employed as a reference for the further research of the same sorts of absorption refrigeration units using TFE-NMP as the working pair.
引文
[1] 戴永庆，耿惠彬，陆震等．溴化锂吸收式制冷技术及应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．1～11
[2] 徐士鸣．余热制冷循环分析及热经济最优化设计研究．大连理工大学博士论文．1996．
[3] 龙惟定．从美国加州电力危机引起的思考．制冷与空调，2001，(8)：1～6
[4] 高田秋一．吸收式制冷机．耿惠彬译．北京：机械工业出版社，1987．
[5] 茅以惠，余国和．吸收式与蒸气喷射式制冷机．北京：机械工业出版社，1985．
[6] 吴业正，韩宝琦．制冷原理及设备．第二版．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1997．117～179
[7] 徐士鸣．吸收式制冷循环及制冷工质研究进展(Ⅱ)——新型吸收式制冷工质系．流体机械，1999，(3)：52～57
[8] Norio Sawada, Takao Tanaka, Katsuyuki Mashimo. DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC WORKING FLUIDS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS. International Absorption Heat Pump Conference. ASME 1993.315～320
[9] Xu shiming, Liu Yangli, Zhang Lisong. Performance research of regenerated absorption heat transformer cycle using TFE-NMP as working fluids. International Journal of refrigeration, 2001,24:510～518
[10] K.A. ANTONOPOULOS. ABSORPTION PANCEL COLING USING A TFE-NMP MIXTURE. Heat Recovery&CHP, 1992,12(3): 203～210
[11] Nusselt W. Die Oberflachencondensation des Wasserdampfes. Vereines Deutsch Ing, 1916,60:541～569
[12] B. Cheng, W.Q. Tao. Experimental study of R-152a film condensation on single horizontal smooth tube and enhanced tubes. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1994,116: 266～270
[13] B.S. Yilbas, N. Altuntop. Condensing heat transfer of freon-21 on plain horizontal tubes. Indian Journal of Technology, 1990,28:100～106
[14] Goto M, Hotta H, Tezuka S. Film condensation of refrigerant vapor on a horizontal tube. Int J Refrigeration, 1980,3(3):161～166
[15] Sukhatme S P, Jagadish B S, Prabhakaran P. Film condensation on single horizontal enhanced condenser tubes. ASME J Heat Transfer, 1990,112(1):229～234
[16] 杨世铭，陶文铨．传热学．第三版．北京：高等教育出版社，2001．205～215
[17] M.B. Pate, Z.H. Ayub, J. Kohler. Heat exchangers for the air-conditioning industry: state-of-the-art design and technology. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1991,12(3): 56～70
[18] 顾维藻，神家锐，马重芳等．强化传热．北京：科学出版社，1990．459～502
[19] 施明恒，甘永平，马重芳．沸腾和凝结．北京：高等教育出版社，1995．324～362
[20] T.C. Carnavos. An Experimental study: condensing R-11 on augmented tubes. ASME Paper. 1980, No. 80-HT-54
[21] K.O. Beatty, D.L. Katz. Condensation of vapours on outside of finned tubes. Chemical Engineering Prog, 1948,44(1): 55～70
[22] T.M. Rudy, R.L. Webb. Theoretical model for condensation on horizontal integral fin tube. AICHE, Series, 1983. 11～18
[23] 谷波，郑钢等．管壳式冷凝器内低螺纹管的凝结传热模型．上海交通大学学报，2002，(2)：198～201
[24] Rohsenow, W. M..Heat Transfer and Temperature Distribution in Laminar Film Condensation. Trans, ASME. Vol 78, 1956,1645～1648
[25] Sparrow, E. M., J. L. Gregg. A Boundary Layer Treatment of Laminar Film Condensation. J. Heat Transfer, 1959,81:13～18
[26] Yang, K.T..Laminar Film Condensation on a Vertical Non-Isothermal Plate. J. Appl, Mech. 1966,33:203～205
[27] 杨强生等．对流传热与传质．北京：高等教育出版社，1985．327～348
[28] Gollier J G, Thome J R. Convective boiling ang condensation. 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. 169～219
[29] S.S. Kutateladze, I.I. Gogonin. Heat transfer of flowing vapour on a single horizontal cylinder. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1985, 28 (5): 1019-～1030
[30] S.S. Kutateladze, I.I. Gogonin. Investigation of heat transfer in film condensation of flowing vapour on horizontal tube banks. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1985,28(10): 1831～1836.
[31] 周强泰，黄素逸．锅炉与热交换器传热强化．北京：水利电力出版社，1991．149～150
[32] 王补宣．工程传热传质学．上册．北京：科学出版社，1982．339～442
[33] 伊萨琴科в п等．传热学，王丰，冀守礼，周筠清等译．北京：高等教育出版社，1987．157～172
[34] 埃克特E．G．R., 德雷克R．M．．传热与传质分析．航青译．北京：科学出版社，1983．79～97
[35] 高望东，刘淑珍．数值计算方法．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1992．
[36] 谭浩强，田淑清．Fortran语言．北京：清华大学出版社，1990．
[37] 袁一等．化工原理．上册．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1993．209～310
[38] K. Stephan and R. Hengerer. Heat trandformation with the ternary working fluid TFE-H_2O-TEGDME. Int. J. of Refrig., 1993, 16(2):120～128
[39] 童景山．流体的热物理性质．北京：中国石化出版社，1996．293～298
[40] 王列科，杨强生．板式换热器中蒸气凝结换热特性．上海交通大学学报，1998，(4)：18～22
[41] 顾红芳，陈听宽．水平螺旋管外V型槽强化冷凝传热的理论研究．西安交通大学学报，1999，(7)：57～61
[42] 西安交通大学工程热物理研究所编．水平肋管外凝结换热及强化的理论与实验研究．多相流与传热论文集．北京：原子能出版社，1989．166～172
[43] YU.S. CHILIPENOK. Heat and mass transfer in the condensation of an R12/R11 freon mixture in a finned plate condenser. Heat transfer-soviet research, 1988,20(5):676～683
[44] 刘晓华，李维仲，赵宗昌，沈自求．水平管外蒸气轴向流动凝结传热理论与实验研究．大连理工大学学报，2002，42(2)：185～189
[45] 刘晓华，李维仲，崔峨．水平管外轴向对流凝结强化传热的研究．大连理工大学学报，1998，38(3)：286～289
[46] 林宗虎．强化传热及其工程应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1987．183～203
[47] 朱谷君，工程传热传质学．北京：航空工业出版社，1989．21～56
[2] 徐士鸣．余热制冷循环分析及热经济最优化设计研究．大连理工大学博士论文．1996．
[3] 龙惟定．从美国加州电力危机引起的思考．制冷与空调，2001，(8)：1～6
[4] 高田秋一．吸收式制冷机．耿惠彬译．北京：机械工业出版社，1987．
[5] 茅以惠，余国和．吸收式与蒸气喷射式制冷机．北京：机械工业出版社，1985．
[6] 吴业正，韩宝琦．制冷原理及设备．第二版．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1997．117～179
[7] 徐士鸣．吸收式制冷循环及制冷工质研究进展(Ⅱ)——新型吸收式制冷工质系．流体机械，1999，(3)：52～57
[8] Norio Sawada, Takao Tanaka, Katsuyuki Mashimo. DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC WORKING FLUIDS AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS. International Absorption Heat Pump Conference. ASME 1993.315～320
[9] Xu shiming, Liu Yangli, Zhang Lisong. Performance research of regenerated absorption heat transformer cycle using TFE-NMP as working fluids. International Journal of refrigeration, 2001,24:510～518
[10] K.A. ANTONOPOULOS. ABSORPTION PANCEL COLING USING A TFE-NMP MIXTURE. Heat Recovery&CHP, 1992,12(3): 203～210
[11] Nusselt W. Die Oberflachencondensation des Wasserdampfes. Vereines Deutsch Ing, 1916,60:541～569
[12] B. Cheng, W.Q. Tao. Experimental study of R-152a film condensation on single horizontal smooth tube and enhanced tubes. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1994,116: 266～270
[13] B.S. Yilbas, N. Altuntop. Condensing heat transfer of freon-21 on plain horizontal tubes. Indian Journal of Technology, 1990,28:100～106
[14] Goto M, Hotta H, Tezuka S. Film condensation of refrigerant vapor on a horizontal tube. Int J Refrigeration, 1980,3(3):161～166
[15] Sukhatme S P, Jagadish B S, Prabhakaran P. Film condensation on single horizontal enhanced condenser tubes. ASME J Heat Transfer, 1990,112(1):229～234
[16] 杨世铭，陶文铨．传热学．第三版．北京：高等教育出版社，2001．205～215
[17] M.B. Pate, Z.H. Ayub, J. Kohler. Heat exchangers for the air-conditioning industry: state-of-the-art design and technology. Heat Transfer Engineering, 1991,12(3): 56～70
[18] 顾维藻，神家锐，马重芳等．强化传热．北京：科学出版社，1990．459～502
[19] 施明恒，甘永平，马重芳．沸腾和凝结．北京：高等教育出版社，1995．324～362
[20] T.C. Carnavos. An Experimental study: condensing R-11 on augmented tubes. ASME Paper. 1980, No. 80-HT-54
[21] K.O. Beatty, D.L. Katz. Condensation of vapours on outside of finned tubes. Chemical Engineering Prog, 1948,44(1): 55～70
[22] T.M. Rudy, R.L. Webb. Theoretical model for condensation on horizontal integral fin tube. AICHE, Series, 1983. 11～18
[23] 谷波，郑钢等．管壳式冷凝器内低螺纹管的凝结传热模型．上海交通大学学报，2002，(2)：198～201
[24] Rohsenow, W. M..Heat Transfer and Temperature Distribution in Laminar Film Condensation. Trans, ASME. Vol 78, 1956,1645～1648
[25] Sparrow, E. M., J. L. Gregg. A Boundary Layer Treatment of Laminar Film Condensation. J. Heat Transfer, 1959,81:13～18
[26] Yang, K.T..Laminar Film Condensation on a Vertical Non-Isothermal Plate. J. Appl, Mech. 1966,33:203～205
[27] 杨强生等．对流传热与传质．北京：高等教育出版社，1985．327～348
[28] Gollier J G, Thome J R. Convective boiling ang condensation. 3rd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994. 169～219
[29] S.S. Kutateladze, I.I. Gogonin. Heat transfer of flowing vapour on a single horizontal cylinder. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1985, 28 (5): 1019-～1030
[30] S.S. Kutateladze, I.I. Gogonin. Investigation of heat transfer in film condensation of flowing vapour on horizontal tube banks. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1985,28(10): 1831～1836.
[31] 周强泰，黄素逸．锅炉与热交换器传热强化．北京：水利电力出版社，1991．149～150
[32] 王补宣．工程传热传质学．上册．北京：科学出版社，1982．339～442
[33] 伊萨琴科в п等．传热学，王丰，冀守礼，周筠清等译．北京：高等教育出版社，1987．157～172
[34] 埃克特E．G．R., 德雷克R．M．．传热与传质分析．航青译．北京：科学出版社，1983．79～97
[35] 高望东，刘淑珍．数值计算方法．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1992．
[36] 谭浩强，田淑清．Fortran语言．北京：清华大学出版社，1990．
[37] 袁一等．化工原理．上册．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1993．209～310
[38] K. Stephan and R. Hengerer. Heat trandformation with the ternary working fluid TFE-H_2O-TEGDME. Int. J. of Refrig., 1993, 16(2):120～128
[39] 童景山．流体的热物理性质．北京：中国石化出版社，1996．293～298
[40] 王列科，杨强生．板式换热器中蒸气凝结换热特性．上海交通大学学报，1998，(4)：18～22
[41] 顾红芳，陈听宽．水平螺旋管外V型槽强化冷凝传热的理论研究．西安交通大学学报，1999，(7)：57～61
[42] 西安交通大学工程热物理研究所编．水平肋管外凝结换热及强化的理论与实验研究．多相流与传热论文集．北京：原子能出版社，1989．166～172
[43] YU.S. CHILIPENOK. Heat and mass transfer in the condensation of an R12/R11 freon mixture in a finned plate condenser. Heat transfer-soviet research, 1988,20(5):676～683
[44] 刘晓华，李维仲，赵宗昌，沈自求．水平管外蒸气轴向流动凝结传热理论与实验研究．大连理工大学学报，2002，42(2)：185～189
[45] 刘晓华，李维仲，崔峨．水平管外轴向对流凝结强化传热的研究．大连理工大学学报，1998，38(3)：286～289
[46] 林宗虎．强化传热及其工程应用．北京：机械工业出版社，1987．183～203
[47] 朱谷君，工程传热传质学．北京：航空工业出版社，1989．21～56