焦作矿区冯营矿矿井突水机理与水害防治研究
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摘要
本文针对位于我国有名的大水矿区——焦作矿区的冯营矿水害威胁且突水危害严重的问题,对复杂水文地质条件下的大水矿井突水特征和机理进行研究。
首先,查阅国内外相关文献,搜集冯营矿矿井地质、矿井水文地质资料,通过对上述资料的分析、整理,弄清大水矿井水害特征和突水一般规律;接着,分析研究冯营矿矿井地质及水文地质特征,分析研究了矿井充水水源、充水通道等充水条件,认为石炭系L8灰岩水、顶板砂岩空隙裂隙水和L2灰岩水是主要充水水源,断裂构造是主要的导水通道。第三,突水影响因素分析,包括含水层充水性、补给条件、水位与水压、隔水层隔水性、断裂构造导水性、煤层顶板冒落裂隙影响、煤层底板采动裂隙影响等,对以上因素进行综合分析,研究冯营矿矿井突水形成机理。研究表明,煤层顶板砂岩含水层含水性较弱,太灰和奥灰含水层属中等-强富水性;井田断层发育且均导水良好,构成矿井突水的潜在威胁。断裂构造沟通煤层底板太原组L8、L2灰岩和奥陶系(O2)灰岩含水层,也是矿井突水且突水量较大的主要因素之一;对煤层底板采动裂隙影响计算结果表明,有效隔水层较簿,加之矿压对底板的破坏,可构成煤层底板导水通道,以上因素导致冯营矿水害频发。
针对冯营矿井水文地质条件复杂,水害严重的具体原因,探讨合理的防治水措施,包括合理选择井筒位置、堵漏等地面防治水措施和留设防水煤柱、注浆加固、建立防排水系统等井下防治水措施。最后以冯营矿-300m水平巷注浆加固工程为例,探讨含水层改造及隔水层加固等防治水技术措施。
This paper researched on water-inrush features and water-inrush mechanism of Jiaozuo mining area that is famous for it’s large water and serious water-inrush disaster.
First,the author searched the literature home and abroad,gathered mining geology and hydrogeology information,analyzed the information,and then gained a clear idea of water disaster’s features and water-inrush’s general regular pattern;Second,the author analyzed mining geology and hydrogeology of Fengying’s about mining water filling source、mining water filling path,and regarded that L8、L2 and water-inrush from proof were the main water source,faults were the main path.Third,water-inrush effect factors analysis,including character of aquifer、supply conditions、water level and water pressure、character of impermeable layer、character of faults、effect of coal layer proof’s fall and effect of coal layer floor’s mining etc.The author researched water-inrush mechanism by analyzing above factors. The research shows that aquifer’s absorbability of roof is weaker,Taiyuan group and ordovician aquifer’s absorbability is strong,Fracture faults is the main channel that communicates L2、L8 and O2 aquifer, that is the main reason for water-inrush and large water.Faults growth is better,and becomes potential threat for water-inrush;The calculation results of mining fissures show that effective impermeable layer is thinner,in addition damage of rockburst,and become channel of water-inrush,the above factors lead to water-inrush in Fengying coal mine frequently.
To the complicated hydrogeology conditions and water disaster’s reasons of Fengying’s,the author discussed reasonable measures to control water disaster,including reasonable chance of shaft position、plugging etc. for ground water-inrush control and staying pillar to control water disaster、grouting reinforcement、building anti-drainage system etc. for underground water-inrush control.Last,transformation of the auifer and impermeable layer reinforcement were discussed,taking -300 level roadway reinforcement project as an example.
首先,查阅国内外相关文献,搜集冯营矿矿井地质、矿井水文地质资料,通过对上述资料的分析、整理,弄清大水矿井水害特征和突水一般规律;接着,分析研究冯营矿矿井地质及水文地质特征,分析研究了矿井充水水源、充水通道等充水条件,认为石炭系L8灰岩水、顶板砂岩空隙裂隙水和L2灰岩水是主要充水水源,断裂构造是主要的导水通道。第三,突水影响因素分析,包括含水层充水性、补给条件、水位与水压、隔水层隔水性、断裂构造导水性、煤层顶板冒落裂隙影响、煤层底板采动裂隙影响等,对以上因素进行综合分析,研究冯营矿矿井突水形成机理。研究表明,煤层顶板砂岩含水层含水性较弱,太灰和奥灰含水层属中等-强富水性;井田断层发育且均导水良好,构成矿井突水的潜在威胁。断裂构造沟通煤层底板太原组L8、L2灰岩和奥陶系(O2)灰岩含水层,也是矿井突水且突水量较大的主要因素之一;对煤层底板采动裂隙影响计算结果表明,有效隔水层较簿,加之矿压对底板的破坏,可构成煤层底板导水通道,以上因素导致冯营矿水害频发。
针对冯营矿井水文地质条件复杂,水害严重的具体原因,探讨合理的防治水措施,包括合理选择井筒位置、堵漏等地面防治水措施和留设防水煤柱、注浆加固、建立防排水系统等井下防治水措施。最后以冯营矿-300m水平巷注浆加固工程为例,探讨含水层改造及隔水层加固等防治水技术措施。
This paper researched on water-inrush features and water-inrush mechanism of Jiaozuo mining area that is famous for it’s large water and serious water-inrush disaster.
First,the author searched the literature home and abroad,gathered mining geology and hydrogeology information,analyzed the information,and then gained a clear idea of water disaster’s features and water-inrush’s general regular pattern;Second,the author analyzed mining geology and hydrogeology of Fengying’s about mining water filling source、mining water filling path,and regarded that L8、L2 and water-inrush from proof were the main water source,faults were the main path.Third,water-inrush effect factors analysis,including character of aquifer、supply conditions、water level and water pressure、character of impermeable layer、character of faults、effect of coal layer proof’s fall and effect of coal layer floor’s mining etc.The author researched water-inrush mechanism by analyzing above factors. The research shows that aquifer’s absorbability of roof is weaker,Taiyuan group and ordovician aquifer’s absorbability is strong,Fracture faults is the main channel that communicates L2、L8 and O2 aquifer, that is the main reason for water-inrush and large water.Faults growth is better,and becomes potential threat for water-inrush;The calculation results of mining fissures show that effective impermeable layer is thinner,in addition damage of rockburst,and become channel of water-inrush,the above factors lead to water-inrush in Fengying coal mine frequently.
To the complicated hydrogeology conditions and water disaster’s reasons of Fengying’s,the author discussed reasonable measures to control water disaster,including reasonable chance of shaft position、plugging etc. for ground water-inrush control and staying pillar to control water disaster、grouting reinforcement、building anti-drainage system etc. for underground water-inrush control.Last,transformation of the auifer and impermeable layer reinforcement were discussed,taking -300 level roadway reinforcement project as an example.
引文
[1]靳徳武.我国煤层底板突水问题的研究现状及展望.煤炭科学技术,2002.30(6):1-4
[2]管恩太.河南省煤矿开采水害防治技术研究.中州煤炭,2006.(6):72-74
[3]王长文,慕松利,李仑等.焦作矿区突水特点及矿井综合防治.焦作工学院学报,1999.18(4):258-261
[4]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机理及预测预报.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2004
[5]沈照理.水文地质学.北京:科学出版社,1991
[6]宋振峰.实用矿山压力控制.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998
[7]王作宇,刘鸿泉.承压水上采煤.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[8]张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层底板突水.北京:地质出版社,1997
[9]白晨光,黎良杰,于学馥.承压水底板关键层失稳的尖点突变模型.煤炭学报,1997.22(2):151-154
[10]武强,朱斌,李建民等.断裂带煤矿井巷滞后突水机理数值模拟.中国矿业大学学报,2008.37(6):781-785
[11]高延法,李白英.受奥灰承压水威胁煤层底板变形破坏规律研究.煤炭学报,1992.17(2):33-38
[12]王永红,沈文.中国煤矿水害预防及治理.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996
[13]杨善安.采场底板断层突水及其防治方法.煤炭学报,1994.19(6):621-625
[14]张立海,张业成.中国煤矿突水灾害特点与发生条件.中国矿业,2008.17(2):54-56
[15]张彦青.岩溶水的突水机理分析.山西焦煤科技,2004.(9):16-19
[16]庞渭舟,刘维周.煤矿水文地质学.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989
[17]朱志澄.构造地质学.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999
[18]任春辉,李文平,李忠凯等.巨厚岩层下煤层顶板水突水机理及防治技术.煤炭科学技术,2008.36(5):46-48
[19]王国际.注浆技术理论与实践.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[20]黄徳发，王宗敏，杨彬.地层注浆堵水与加固施工技术.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[21]中国煤炭科学院建井所注浆室编.煤矿注浆技术.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1978
[22]牛森营.焦作矿区构造控水特征研究.煤炭工程,2007.(5):75-76
[23]于喜东.地质构造与煤层底板突水.煤炭工程,2004.(12):34-35
[24]孟召平,郑玉柱.焦作矿区演马庄矿井突水地质条件分析.煤田地质与勘探,1997.25(1):37-40
[25] Meng zhaoping,Zhang Xiaowen,ZhaoZongpei. Analysis of palaeotectonic stress field of coal (rock) bed using finite element modeling, Aplication of computer methods in rock mechanics,published by shaanxi science and Technology press Xian China, 1993
[26]柴登榜.矿井地质工作手册.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1986
[27]刘白宙.焦作矿区防止突水淹井事故对策.煤田地质与勘探,2007.35(3):49-51
[28]毕华照,宋振峰,乔福祥等.煤矿顶板事故的防治.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989
[29]张后全,杨天鸿,赵徳深等.采场工作面顶板突水的渗流场分析.煤田地质与勘探,2004.32(5):17-19
[30] Bray B H G,Brown E T. Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining [M]. Second Edition,London,UK:Chapama & Hall Press,1993
[31] BIO T M A. The theory of elasticity and consolidation for a porous anisotropic solid[J]. J Appl Phys,1995,26:182-185
[32] KURASHIGE M. Transient response of a fluid-sat-urated poroelastic layer subjected to a sudden fluid pressure rise[J]. J Appl Mech,1982,49:492-496
[33]白云来.矿井底板承压水突水特征与防治措施研究现状.矿业快报,2008.(8):28-31
[34] Rutter E H. and Mainp rice D. H. 1978. The effect of water on stress relaxation of faulted and unfaulted sandstone Page 116(1978):634-654
[35]王志荣,石明生.矿井地下水害.郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003
[36]武强.华北型煤田矿井防治水决策系统.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1995
[37]白峰青,姜兴阁,蒋勤明.断层防水煤柱设计的可靠度方法.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2000.19(4):357-359
[38]吴维加.煤矿水害防治若干技术研究.能源技术与管理,2007.(6):108-110
[39]曾荣秀.注浆技术经验汇编.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1990
[40]王心义,王世东,刘白宙等.矿井煤层底板含水层注浆改造技术,200525(6):86-88
[41]李勋千,杨春来,周庆芬.井筒涌水量预测及注浆堵水.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[42]魏可忠.矿井水文地质学.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991
[43] Feucht L.J. and Logan,J.M. lically active solution on shearing behavior of a sandstone Tectonophysics,1990(175):159-176
[2]管恩太.河南省煤矿开采水害防治技术研究.中州煤炭,2006.(6):72-74
[3]王长文,慕松利,李仑等.焦作矿区突水特点及矿井综合防治.焦作工学院学报,1999.18(4):258-261
[4]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机理及预测预报.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2004
[5]沈照理.水文地质学.北京:科学出版社,1991
[6]宋振峰.实用矿山压力控制.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1998
[7]王作宇,刘鸿泉.承压水上采煤.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[8]张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层底板突水.北京:地质出版社,1997
[9]白晨光,黎良杰,于学馥.承压水底板关键层失稳的尖点突变模型.煤炭学报,1997.22(2):151-154
[10]武强,朱斌,李建民等.断裂带煤矿井巷滞后突水机理数值模拟.中国矿业大学学报,2008.37(6):781-785
[11]高延法,李白英.受奥灰承压水威胁煤层底板变形破坏规律研究.煤炭学报,1992.17(2):33-38
[12]王永红,沈文.中国煤矿水害预防及治理.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996
[13]杨善安.采场底板断层突水及其防治方法.煤炭学报,1994.19(6):621-625
[14]张立海,张业成.中国煤矿突水灾害特点与发生条件.中国矿业,2008.17(2):54-56
[15]张彦青.岩溶水的突水机理分析.山西焦煤科技,2004.(9):16-19
[16]庞渭舟,刘维周.煤矿水文地质学.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989
[17]朱志澄.构造地质学.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1999
[18]任春辉,李文平,李忠凯等.巨厚岩层下煤层顶板水突水机理及防治技术.煤炭科学技术,2008.36(5):46-48
[19]王国际.注浆技术理论与实践.北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2000
[20]黄徳发，王宗敏，杨彬.地层注浆堵水与加固施工技术.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[21]中国煤炭科学院建井所注浆室编.煤矿注浆技术.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1978
[22]牛森营.焦作矿区构造控水特征研究.煤炭工程,2007.(5):75-76
[23]于喜东.地质构造与煤层底板突水.煤炭工程,2004.(12):34-35
[24]孟召平,郑玉柱.焦作矿区演马庄矿井突水地质条件分析.煤田地质与勘探,1997.25(1):37-40
[25] Meng zhaoping,Zhang Xiaowen,ZhaoZongpei. Analysis of palaeotectonic stress field of coal (rock) bed using finite element modeling, Aplication of computer methods in rock mechanics,published by shaanxi science and Technology press Xian China, 1993
[26]柴登榜.矿井地质工作手册.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1986
[27]刘白宙.焦作矿区防止突水淹井事故对策.煤田地质与勘探,2007.35(3):49-51
[28]毕华照,宋振峰,乔福祥等.煤矿顶板事故的防治.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989
[29]张后全,杨天鸿,赵徳深等.采场工作面顶板突水的渗流场分析.煤田地质与勘探,2004.32(5):17-19
[30] Bray B H G,Brown E T. Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining [M]. Second Edition,London,UK:Chapama & Hall Press,1993
[31] BIO T M A. The theory of elasticity and consolidation for a porous anisotropic solid[J]. J Appl Phys,1995,26:182-185
[32] KURASHIGE M. Transient response of a fluid-sat-urated poroelastic layer subjected to a sudden fluid pressure rise[J]. J Appl Mech,1982,49:492-496
[33]白云来.矿井底板承压水突水特征与防治措施研究现状.矿业快报,2008.(8):28-31
[34] Rutter E H. and Mainp rice D. H. 1978. The effect of water on stress relaxation of faulted and unfaulted sandstone Page 116(1978):634-654
[35]王志荣,石明生.矿井地下水害.郑州:黄河水利出版社,2003
[36]武强.华北型煤田矿井防治水决策系统.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1995
[37]白峰青,姜兴阁,蒋勤明.断层防水煤柱设计的可靠度方法.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2000.19(4):357-359
[38]吴维加.煤矿水害防治若干技术研究.能源技术与管理,2007.(6):108-110
[39]曾荣秀.注浆技术经验汇编.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1990
[40]王心义,王世东,刘白宙等.矿井煤层底板含水层注浆改造技术,200525(6):86-88
[41]李勋千,杨春来,周庆芬.井筒涌水量预测及注浆堵水.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992
[42]魏可忠.矿井水文地质学.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991
[43] Feucht L.J. and Logan,J.M. lically active solution on shearing behavior of a sandstone Tectonophysics,1990(175):159-176