酸性水玻璃化学注浆材料的实验研究及注浆工艺设计
|
摘要
注浆技术是岩土工程学的一个分支,属于地基处理的范畴。注浆法出现于19世纪初,采用注浆技术以解决土建工程中有关技术难题,至今已有一个多世纪的历史。
随着注浆技术的广泛应用,注浆材料也得到了较大的发展。目前在工程中得到广泛应用的注浆材料主要有水泥类浆材、粘土固化浆材、水玻璃类浆材等。现在,对浆材的性能要求也越来越高,寻求价格便宜、无污染、渗透性强、可注性好、固结强度较高、凝胶时间易于控制和施工方便等综合性能指标高及成本较低的绿色新型注浆材料是材料界和工程界研究开发的共同课题。许多科研单位都对新型注浆材料进行了研究并取得了一定成果,但涉及酸性水玻璃—碳酸钙这一化学注浆材料研究的则比较少,对其研究深度还有待于深入。本文主要研究内容和成果如下:
对浆材的凝胶时间进行了较为详细的实验研究。较为全面的掌握了不同配比下该浆材的凝胶时间,运用化学知识,对影响其凝胶时间的因素以及浆液凝胶时间可调性较差的原因进行了深入的分析。
对浆材的固砂体强度进行了较为详细的实验研究。通过实验,较为全面的掌握了浆材在不同配比下、不同龄期的固砂强度值以及该值与时间的关系,对影响试件强度的主要因素也做了分析研究。
根据该浆材的综合性能,结合酸性水玻璃在实际工程中应用的经验,对该浆材的适用范围做了合理探讨:地基(砂土层)的加固、高速公路病害的处理及充填堵水注浆等方面。
根据该浆材的综合性能,对浆材应用于地基(砂土层)加固工程做了较为详细的注浆工艺设计。其中主要包括了对碳酸钙原料选用、现场浆液配制时所应注意问题、对浆液配制时所产生的CO_2的利用的初步探讨以及注浆效果的检测手段。
Injection Grout, which belongs to Foundation treatment, is a foliation of geotechnical engineering science .Injection Grout appears at the beginning of the 19th century. There is about more than 100 years since it was used to deal with the problems in civil works. And also the injection material develops quickly along with the wildly use of the Injection Grout on engineering. At the present it mainly embodies the cement material, the clay material , the soluble glass material and so on. Now, we requires the material which has good capability than before.
It is our universal task to find the new grouting material which must have such characteristic: cheaper, no pollution, better infiltration, the high concretion strength, gelatin time in control and construct easily. Numerous graduate schools have made some achievements on the new grouting materials, but it is little which targets the acidic soluble glass. We should do some research about it in a deep lever. The main content and conclusions are as follow:
The author have done some experiments to research the gelatin time about the serum and clarify the gelatin time in different conditions. Author have made some futherly analysis about the factors which affect the gelatin time and the reasons why the adjustment of the gelatin time is limited.
The author have done some experiments about the consolidation strength of the serum. According to the date of experiments, the author can seize the consolidation strength in different mix and age, and present the relation between it and time at one time.
The author have made some other experiments to research the capability of the serum. Basing on the integrated characteristic of the serum and the experience on engineering, the author make some appropriate conjecture about the applied area: the reinforce of the sand stratum, accounting for the speedway harm and serum-jetting process in project.
According the capability of the serum, the author make detailed the grouting technology design ,for the reinforce of sand stratum. The design includes the source of the calcium carbonate, the details that we should pay attention to when we make the serum in building site, how to use the CO_2 which is produced when the serum is made and the technic for inspecting the injection effect.
随着注浆技术的广泛应用,注浆材料也得到了较大的发展。目前在工程中得到广泛应用的注浆材料主要有水泥类浆材、粘土固化浆材、水玻璃类浆材等。现在,对浆材的性能要求也越来越高,寻求价格便宜、无污染、渗透性强、可注性好、固结强度较高、凝胶时间易于控制和施工方便等综合性能指标高及成本较低的绿色新型注浆材料是材料界和工程界研究开发的共同课题。许多科研单位都对新型注浆材料进行了研究并取得了一定成果,但涉及酸性水玻璃—碳酸钙这一化学注浆材料研究的则比较少,对其研究深度还有待于深入。本文主要研究内容和成果如下:
对浆材的凝胶时间进行了较为详细的实验研究。较为全面的掌握了不同配比下该浆材的凝胶时间,运用化学知识,对影响其凝胶时间的因素以及浆液凝胶时间可调性较差的原因进行了深入的分析。
对浆材的固砂体强度进行了较为详细的实验研究。通过实验,较为全面的掌握了浆材在不同配比下、不同龄期的固砂强度值以及该值与时间的关系,对影响试件强度的主要因素也做了分析研究。
根据该浆材的综合性能,结合酸性水玻璃在实际工程中应用的经验,对该浆材的适用范围做了合理探讨:地基(砂土层)的加固、高速公路病害的处理及充填堵水注浆等方面。
根据该浆材的综合性能,对浆材应用于地基(砂土层)加固工程做了较为详细的注浆工艺设计。其中主要包括了对碳酸钙原料选用、现场浆液配制时所应注意问题、对浆液配制时所产生的CO_2的利用的初步探讨以及注浆效果的检测手段。
Injection Grout, which belongs to Foundation treatment, is a foliation of geotechnical engineering science .Injection Grout appears at the beginning of the 19th century. There is about more than 100 years since it was used to deal with the problems in civil works. And also the injection material develops quickly along with the wildly use of the Injection Grout on engineering. At the present it mainly embodies the cement material, the clay material , the soluble glass material and so on. Now, we requires the material which has good capability than before.
It is our universal task to find the new grouting material which must have such characteristic: cheaper, no pollution, better infiltration, the high concretion strength, gelatin time in control and construct easily. Numerous graduate schools have made some achievements on the new grouting materials, but it is little which targets the acidic soluble glass. We should do some research about it in a deep lever. The main content and conclusions are as follow:
The author have done some experiments to research the gelatin time about the serum and clarify the gelatin time in different conditions. Author have made some futherly analysis about the factors which affect the gelatin time and the reasons why the adjustment of the gelatin time is limited.
The author have done some experiments about the consolidation strength of the serum. According to the date of experiments, the author can seize the consolidation strength in different mix and age, and present the relation between it and time at one time.
The author have made some other experiments to research the capability of the serum. Basing on the integrated characteristic of the serum and the experience on engineering, the author make some appropriate conjecture about the applied area: the reinforce of the sand stratum, accounting for the speedway harm and serum-jetting process in project.
According the capability of the serum, the author make detailed the grouting technology design ,for the reinforce of sand stratum. The design includes the source of the calcium carbonate, the details that we should pay attention to when we make the serum in building site, how to use the CO_2 which is produced when the serum is made and the technic for inspecting the injection effect.
引文
[1]邝健政,月稳,王杰等主编.岩土注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.1-2
[2]Croce P.,Modoni G.Design of jet-grouting cut-offs.Ground Improvement,2007.11(1):11-19
[3]孙钊.大坝基础灌浆.北京:水利电力出版社,1987
[4]王杰.注浆技术的发展与展望.沈阳建筑工程学院学报,1997.(1):59-64
[5]Berry,Dick.Soil grouting-There's only one way to view it.Geothchnical News,2006.24(3):39-47
[6]Samsunlu A.Akca L,Uslu O.Problems related to an existing marine outfall:Marmaris-an example.Water Science and Technology,1995.32(2):225-231
[7]G.S.Little John.Chemical Grouting.Ground Engineering,1995.(2)31-34
[8]Palardy,Danielle:Ballivy,Gerard;et al.Injection of a ventilation tower of an underwater road tunnel using cement and chemical grouts.Geotechn Spectical Publication,2003.(120Ⅱ):1605-1616
[9]Coulte S,Martin,C.D.Single fluid jet-grouting strength and deformation properties.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006.21(6):690-695
[10]程晓,张凤祥.土建注浆施工与效果检测[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1998
[11]Allan,Marita L.Materials characterization of superplasticited cement-sand grout.Cement and Concrete Research,2000.30(6):937-942
[12]Anon.Self-consolidation grout,Masonry Construction the World of Masonry,2006.19(1):30-34
[13]Ewert,Friedrich-Karl.Grouting investigations.International Water Power and Dam construction,2005.57(9):22-26
[14]刘晓敏.注浆技术的发展及应用施工技术研究与应用[J].安徽建筑,2000,3
[15]程骁.土建注浆技术及效果检测[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[16]蔡胜华,黄智勇,董建军、陈彦生.注浆法[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[17]熊厚金.中国化学灌浆的成就.国际岩土锚固与灌浆新进展[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[18]王杰.岩土注浆技术的理论探讨[J].长江科学院院报,2000,6
[19]高大钊.岩土工程的回顾与前瞻.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[20]周海林.振动注浆中的砂土振动响应研究[博士论文].长沙:中南大学,2002
[21]但新民.城门山铜矿湖泥注浆远景初探[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2001,22(4):1-4
[22]殷素红,文梓芸.白云质石灰岩-水玻璃灌浆材料的性能及其反应机理[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(1):76-80
[23]殷素红,文梓芸.低品位石灰岩用作胶凝-灌浆材料的研究[J].矿产综合利用,2002,4:35-40
[24]管学茂,胡曙光,丁庆军.超细水泥基注浆材料性能研究[J].煤矿设计,2001,(3):28-31
[25]韩立军,张利民,高明等.粉煤灰壁后注浆充填材料的试验研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(7):34-37
[26]阮文军,王文臣,胡安兵.新型水泥复合浆液的研制及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,2001.3,23(2):212-216
[27]郭涛,童立元,方磊.水泥粉煤灰注浆材料特性的室内试验研究[J].岩土工程界,2002,5(11):19-22
[28]李爱民,隆威.轻质速凝堵漏注浆材料试验研究[J].混凝土,2003,4:33-35
[29]孙玉超.巷道工作面预注粘土水泥浆施工技术[J].建井技术,2003,24(1):9-12
[30]凌贤长,官宏宇,王成举.黏土浆液固化剂的技术性能与工程中的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2005,3:40-41
[31]盛广宏,翟建平,李琴等.利用循环流化床锅炉脱硫灰制备注浆材料[J].环境工程,2006,24(1):52-56
[32]王凯.大掺量煤矸石粉注浆材料的研究[J].建筑石膏与胶凝材料,2005.2:13-15
[33]冀玲芳,李养平.高分子化学灌浆材料及其在混凝土防渗堵漏工程中的应用[J].江苏化工,2002,30(6):42-45
[34]张驰.岩土注浆技术的理论探讨[J].沈阳建筑工程学院院报,2001,1
[35]杨米加,陈明雄,贺永年.注浆理论的研究现状及发展方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001.11,20(6)
[36]郭建平.注浆技术简介及其发展[J].山西交通科技,2003,1
[37]In-Molee,Jae-Sung Lee,Seok-Woo Nam.Effect of seepage force on tunnel face stability reinforced with multi-step pipe grouting.Tunnelling and underground Space Technology 19(2004):551-565
[38]Anthony F.Stirbys,Z.Richard Radwanski,Richard J.Proctor.Los Angeles metro rail project-geologic and geotechnical design and construction constraints.Engineering Geology,51(1999):203-224
[39]Ing Hieng wong,Teoh Yaw Poh.Effects of jet grouting on adjacent ground and structures.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.2000,126(3):247-256
[40]张春文.高压喷射注浆法处理岭澳核电站DG-GB廊道工后沉降的应用[J].电力建设,2002,23(6):16-17
[41]王迎宾,董文凯,董文峰.酸性水玻璃的研究及应用[J].长江科学院院报,2000.9.6
[42]孙永明,华萍.水玻璃化学灌浆材料的发展现状与展望[J].吉林水利,2005(27):13-14
[43]刘翮天,王惠孚水玻璃型耐酸水泥[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1979
[44]许卫芹.新型化学注浆材料的研究:[学士学位论文].长沙:中南工业大学,2007
[45]龚晓南.深基坑工程设计施工手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[46]杜嘉鸿,张崇瑞,何修仁等.地下建筑注浆工程简明手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1998,47-51
[47]彭振宾.注浆工程设计计算与施工[M].武汉:中国地址大学出版社,1997,38-41
[48]谢量瀛,傅强,都海江.地铁西单车站粉细砂地层注浆固结技术.见.中国锚固与注浆工程实录选.北京:科学出版社,1995,158-160
[49]中国科学院广州化学研究所.化学灌浆技术[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1980
[50]朱纯熙,卢晨.对水玻璃和水玻璃砂性状参数的新认识[J].铸造2006,55(3):269
[51]朱屯,钱保华,陈荣三等.硅酸及其盐的研究(X.单硅酸聚合反应动力学)[J].化学学报,1981(1):43
[52]戴安邦,陈荣三等.南京大学学报[J](化学版),1963(1):54
[53]王文清,黄乃瑜,许进.强化钠水玻璃粘结强度的新机制[J].华中理工大学学报,1994(22):23-28
[54]王金唏,柳海澄,陈荣三.13CNMR谱验证醋酸与硅羟基的作用[J].化学通报,1985(7):22-23
[55]王东田,王郁萍等.特性聚硅酸聚合条件的研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2001(34):49-53
[56]沈钟,王果庭.胶体与表面化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991
[57]纪午生,陈伟,张应立等.常用建筑材料试验手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986
[58]国家标准.土工试验方法标准(GB/T 50123-1999).北京:中国计划出版社,1999
[59]杜嘉鸿,秦明武,肖荣久等.国外化学注浆教程[M].水利水电出版社,1987
[60]武汉大学.分析化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[61]王星华.粘土固化浆液在地下工程中的应用.北京:中国铁道出版社.1998,176-177
[62]G·S·Littlejohn.化学注浆技术(1.2).周彦青译.隧道译从,1985(5)
[63]岩石锚固与注浆技术专业委员会.中国锚固与注浆工程实录选.北京:科学出版社,1995,158-165
[64]冯铁骥.既有线粉细砂铁路路基的加固技术[J].路基工程,2002,102(3)
[65]姚鸿梁,胡琪炜,陈刚.高压注浆在高速公路桥头搭板下路基托换加固中的应用[J]现代交通技术,2005.4
[66]王国际.注浆技术理论与实践.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000,8
[67]张顺金.砂砾地层渗透注浆的可注性及应用研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2007
[68]鞠建英.实用地下工程防水手册[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2002,6
[2]Croce P.,Modoni G.Design of jet-grouting cut-offs.Ground Improvement,2007.11(1):11-19
[3]孙钊.大坝基础灌浆.北京:水利电力出版社,1987
[4]王杰.注浆技术的发展与展望.沈阳建筑工程学院学报,1997.(1):59-64
[5]Berry,Dick.Soil grouting-There's only one way to view it.Geothchnical News,2006.24(3):39-47
[6]Samsunlu A.Akca L,Uslu O.Problems related to an existing marine outfall:Marmaris-an example.Water Science and Technology,1995.32(2):225-231
[7]G.S.Little John.Chemical Grouting.Ground Engineering,1995.(2)31-34
[8]Palardy,Danielle:Ballivy,Gerard;et al.Injection of a ventilation tower of an underwater road tunnel using cement and chemical grouts.Geotechn Spectical Publication,2003.(120Ⅱ):1605-1616
[9]Coulte S,Martin,C.D.Single fluid jet-grouting strength and deformation properties.Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2006.21(6):690-695
[10]程晓,张凤祥.土建注浆施工与效果检测[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1998
[11]Allan,Marita L.Materials characterization of superplasticited cement-sand grout.Cement and Concrete Research,2000.30(6):937-942
[12]Anon.Self-consolidation grout,Masonry Construction the World of Masonry,2006.19(1):30-34
[13]Ewert,Friedrich-Karl.Grouting investigations.International Water Power and Dam construction,2005.57(9):22-26
[14]刘晓敏.注浆技术的发展及应用施工技术研究与应用[J].安徽建筑,2000,3
[15]程骁.土建注浆技术及效果检测[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999
[16]蔡胜华,黄智勇,董建军、陈彦生.注浆法[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006
[17]熊厚金.中国化学灌浆的成就.国际岩土锚固与灌浆新进展[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1996
[18]王杰.岩土注浆技术的理论探讨[J].长江科学院院报,2000,6
[19]高大钊.岩土工程的回顾与前瞻.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[20]周海林.振动注浆中的砂土振动响应研究[博士论文].长沙:中南大学,2002
[21]但新民.城门山铜矿湖泥注浆远景初探[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2001,22(4):1-4
[22]殷素红,文梓芸.白云质石灰岩-水玻璃灌浆材料的性能及其反应机理[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(1):76-80
[23]殷素红,文梓芸.低品位石灰岩用作胶凝-灌浆材料的研究[J].矿产综合利用,2002,4:35-40
[24]管学茂,胡曙光,丁庆军.超细水泥基注浆材料性能研究[J].煤矿设计,2001,(3):28-31
[25]韩立军,张利民,高明等.粉煤灰壁后注浆充填材料的试验研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(7):34-37
[26]阮文军,王文臣,胡安兵.新型水泥复合浆液的研制及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,2001.3,23(2):212-216
[27]郭涛,童立元,方磊.水泥粉煤灰注浆材料特性的室内试验研究[J].岩土工程界,2002,5(11):19-22
[28]李爱民,隆威.轻质速凝堵漏注浆材料试验研究[J].混凝土,2003,4:33-35
[29]孙玉超.巷道工作面预注粘土水泥浆施工技术[J].建井技术,2003,24(1):9-12
[30]凌贤长,官宏宇,王成举.黏土浆液固化剂的技术性能与工程中的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2005,3:40-41
[31]盛广宏,翟建平,李琴等.利用循环流化床锅炉脱硫灰制备注浆材料[J].环境工程,2006,24(1):52-56
[32]王凯.大掺量煤矸石粉注浆材料的研究[J].建筑石膏与胶凝材料,2005.2:13-15
[33]冀玲芳,李养平.高分子化学灌浆材料及其在混凝土防渗堵漏工程中的应用[J].江苏化工,2002,30(6):42-45
[34]张驰.岩土注浆技术的理论探讨[J].沈阳建筑工程学院院报,2001,1
[35]杨米加,陈明雄,贺永年.注浆理论的研究现状及发展方向[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001.11,20(6)
[36]郭建平.注浆技术简介及其发展[J].山西交通科技,2003,1
[37]In-Molee,Jae-Sung Lee,Seok-Woo Nam.Effect of seepage force on tunnel face stability reinforced with multi-step pipe grouting.Tunnelling and underground Space Technology 19(2004):551-565
[38]Anthony F.Stirbys,Z.Richard Radwanski,Richard J.Proctor.Los Angeles metro rail project-geologic and geotechnical design and construction constraints.Engineering Geology,51(1999):203-224
[39]Ing Hieng wong,Teoh Yaw Poh.Effects of jet grouting on adjacent ground and structures.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering.2000,126(3):247-256
[40]张春文.高压喷射注浆法处理岭澳核电站DG-GB廊道工后沉降的应用[J].电力建设,2002,23(6):16-17
[41]王迎宾,董文凯,董文峰.酸性水玻璃的研究及应用[J].长江科学院院报,2000.9.6
[42]孙永明,华萍.水玻璃化学灌浆材料的发展现状与展望[J].吉林水利,2005(27):13-14
[43]刘翮天,王惠孚水玻璃型耐酸水泥[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1979
[44]许卫芹.新型化学注浆材料的研究:[学士学位论文].长沙:中南工业大学,2007
[45]龚晓南.深基坑工程设计施工手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998
[46]杜嘉鸿,张崇瑞,何修仁等.地下建筑注浆工程简明手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1998,47-51
[47]彭振宾.注浆工程设计计算与施工[M].武汉:中国地址大学出版社,1997,38-41
[48]谢量瀛,傅强,都海江.地铁西单车站粉细砂地层注浆固结技术.见.中国锚固与注浆工程实录选.北京:科学出版社,1995,158-160
[49]中国科学院广州化学研究所.化学灌浆技术[M].北京:水利水电出版社,1980
[50]朱纯熙,卢晨.对水玻璃和水玻璃砂性状参数的新认识[J].铸造2006,55(3):269
[51]朱屯,钱保华,陈荣三等.硅酸及其盐的研究(X.单硅酸聚合反应动力学)[J].化学学报,1981(1):43
[52]戴安邦,陈荣三等.南京大学学报[J](化学版),1963(1):54
[53]王文清,黄乃瑜,许进.强化钠水玻璃粘结强度的新机制[J].华中理工大学学报,1994(22):23-28
[54]王金唏,柳海澄,陈荣三.13CNMR谱验证醋酸与硅羟基的作用[J].化学通报,1985(7):22-23
[55]王东田,王郁萍等.特性聚硅酸聚合条件的研究[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2001(34):49-53
[56]沈钟,王果庭.胶体与表面化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991
[57]纪午生,陈伟,张应立等.常用建筑材料试验手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1986
[58]国家标准.土工试验方法标准(GB/T 50123-1999).北京:中国计划出版社,1999
[59]杜嘉鸿,秦明武,肖荣久等.国外化学注浆教程[M].水利水电出版社,1987
[60]武汉大学.分析化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000
[61]王星华.粘土固化浆液在地下工程中的应用.北京:中国铁道出版社.1998,176-177
[62]G·S·Littlejohn.化学注浆技术(1.2).周彦青译.隧道译从,1985(5)
[63]岩石锚固与注浆技术专业委员会.中国锚固与注浆工程实录选.北京:科学出版社,1995,158-165
[64]冯铁骥.既有线粉细砂铁路路基的加固技术[J].路基工程,2002,102(3)
[65]姚鸿梁,胡琪炜,陈刚.高压注浆在高速公路桥头搭板下路基托换加固中的应用[J]现代交通技术,2005.4
[66]王国际.注浆技术理论与实践.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000,8
[67]张顺金.砂砾地层渗透注浆的可注性及应用研究:[硕士学位论文].长沙:中南大学,2007
[68]鞠建英.实用地下工程防水手册[M].北京:中国计划出版社,2002,6