渠灌波涌自动灌溉设备研究
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摘要
本课题采用波涌节水灌溉技术,由于其所具有节水(比普通的沟、畦灌节水15%～30%)、节能增产、降低劳动强度、降低农业成本、灌水均匀、推进速度快、灌水质量高,减少深层渗漏、保肥,可利用浑浊水、污水进行灌溉等优点,并且该灌水技术简单易行,便于掌握应用,管理方便,所以是一种很适合我国国情的灌水方法。为推进波涌灌溉技术的发展和应用,开发适合我国国情的波涌灌溉设备是实现大面积推广应用这一节水灌溉方法的必要条件之一。
根据目前我国广大灌区多是采用渠道输水的情形,并结合当前我国灌区现有的社会经济、技术条件和灌区运行管理水平及供水条件等因素,开发研制适合于我国大面积推广,能够在渠道上实现波涌灌溉的简易设备,是十分必要的。需要有一种价格低,简单且容易操作的波涌灌溉设备,特别是在引黄灌区,能够在渠道输水的条件下,可利用浑水进行灌溉。本波涌灌溉设备依靠灌溉用水本身为动力实现水力自动控制灌溉。本课题主要研究结果如下:
1波涌灌溉技术参数田间试验资料研究
由波涌灌溉控制参数的确定方法,通过分析波涌田间灌溉试验所取得较为丰富的试验成果和资料。根据波涌控制参数对灌水的影响效果,由波涌灌溉灌水理论方法和经验方法来确定波涌灌水技术方案设计和实施方案。
2波涌自动灌溉设备系统组成及设备结构研制
介绍了波涌自动灌溉设备系统组成和工作原理。该设备系统利用虹吸管、虹吸式时间调节管、杠杆式转换传动机械装置和调控池来共同实现间歇出流对间歇时间的控制,从而实现了代替间歇阀实现波涌灌溉的可行性。该系统结构简单、无需外动力实现间歇出流。该项目研究利用了水力自动控制调节的简单杠杆式转换传动机械装置实现波涌灌水参数的自动调控,并提高设备的可靠性和维修性。
3波涌自动灌溉设备调节控制系统研究
根据波涌灌溉的特点,本设备设计过程中充分考虑了其技术参数,通过波涌自动灌溉设备系统室内试验,对该设备系统与控制参数进行调节研究,分析波涌灌溉过程中系统中的调控池进出水流量及水位对灌水周期等参数的影响。表明所研制的波涌自动灌溉设备对各波涌灌溉参数均可实现无级调节,具有较强的实用性和可操作性。
随着波涌灌溉设备的研制成功,波涌灌溉技术一定能够在我国节水灌溉事业中发挥重要作用,将会大大提高我国广大灌区灌溉水的利用率,节约水资源,促进我国农业的发展。
Water-saving technique for surge flow irrigation is used in this paper,as it has the advantage of water-saving (it can be reduced from 15% to 30% than common groove and farmland irrigation ),energy-saving and increasing production,reducing labor intensity,lower agricultural costs,irrigation uniformity and promoting faster,watering quality better and reducing deep percolation,saving the fertilizer,using muddy water and sewage for irrigation , and the irrigation technique is simple , easy to master its application,easy manageable,So it is a very suitable for Chinese conditions of irrigation methods。In order to promote the development and application of this irrigation technique,it is necessary to research on the device which is suitable for the development of Chinese national conditions for the application of water-saving irrigation methods in larges of areas。
According to the condition which China is more generally use of channels to water,and in light of current social economy,technical condition and operation of irrigation and water management conditions and other factors in existing irrigated areas,developing and researching on the simple device suited to Chinese large-scale extension channels to achieve Surge flow irrigation is very necessary。It needs a low cost,operated easy device for Surge flow irrigation,especially in the Yellow River irrigation areas,the automatic device for Surge irrigation can use muddy water which is no treatment to irrigate farmland under channel water distribution condition,this device can be recognized by the masses。
The surge irrigation device relies on irrigation water itself as a driving force to achieve the simple hydraulic control irrigation。The main topics are as follows:
1 Research on Surge irrigation technical parameters and field test data
The determining method of controllable parameters for surge flow irrigation,By analyzing surge irrigation experiment achieved more abundant test results and information。According to controllable parameters for surge irrigation which effects irrigation results,the water theory and empirical methods determines technique program design and implementation of the program for surge irrigation。
2 Research on system components and structure of automatic device for surge irrigation
System components and working principle of automatic device for surge irrigation are introduced。The device system is used siphon tube,adjustable-time siphon tube,leveraged drive and control mechanical devices to pool together to achieve the course,which intermittent flow controls intermittent time ,thus realizing the feasibility replacing intermittent valves for surge irrigation。The structure of the system is simple and there is no need outside motivation to achieve intermittent flow。The project studied the regulation of hydraulic control levers simple conversion drive mechanical equipment to achieve automatically controlling parameters for surge irrigation,and improve reliability and maintainability of device。
3 Research on the regulating and controllable system of automatic device for surge irrigation
According to the characteristics of surge irrigation , its technical parameters is fully considered in the process of the device design,through laboratory test of automatic system device for surge irrigation,system device and controllable parameters to adjust are researched,Analyzed the effect that inlet and outlet water and water height to water cycle in control pool in the process of surge flow irrigation。Demonstrated that the automatic device for surge flow irrigation on various parameters can be achieved by stepless regulation,it is strong practical and easy to operate。
With the device for surge irrigation researched successfully, surge flow irrigation technique should play an important role in the water-saving technique undertakings in China,which will greatly enhance irrigation water use efficiency in Chinese vast irrigation area and save water resources and promote the development of Chinese agriculture。
根据目前我国广大灌区多是采用渠道输水的情形,并结合当前我国灌区现有的社会经济、技术条件和灌区运行管理水平及供水条件等因素,开发研制适合于我国大面积推广,能够在渠道上实现波涌灌溉的简易设备,是十分必要的。需要有一种价格低,简单且容易操作的波涌灌溉设备,特别是在引黄灌区,能够在渠道输水的条件下,可利用浑水进行灌溉。本波涌灌溉设备依靠灌溉用水本身为动力实现水力自动控制灌溉。本课题主要研究结果如下:
1波涌灌溉技术参数田间试验资料研究
由波涌灌溉控制参数的确定方法,通过分析波涌田间灌溉试验所取得较为丰富的试验成果和资料。根据波涌控制参数对灌水的影响效果,由波涌灌溉灌水理论方法和经验方法来确定波涌灌水技术方案设计和实施方案。
2波涌自动灌溉设备系统组成及设备结构研制
介绍了波涌自动灌溉设备系统组成和工作原理。该设备系统利用虹吸管、虹吸式时间调节管、杠杆式转换传动机械装置和调控池来共同实现间歇出流对间歇时间的控制,从而实现了代替间歇阀实现波涌灌溉的可行性。该系统结构简单、无需外动力实现间歇出流。该项目研究利用了水力自动控制调节的简单杠杆式转换传动机械装置实现波涌灌水参数的自动调控,并提高设备的可靠性和维修性。
3波涌自动灌溉设备调节控制系统研究
根据波涌灌溉的特点,本设备设计过程中充分考虑了其技术参数,通过波涌自动灌溉设备系统室内试验,对该设备系统与控制参数进行调节研究,分析波涌灌溉过程中系统中的调控池进出水流量及水位对灌水周期等参数的影响。表明所研制的波涌自动灌溉设备对各波涌灌溉参数均可实现无级调节,具有较强的实用性和可操作性。
随着波涌灌溉设备的研制成功,波涌灌溉技术一定能够在我国节水灌溉事业中发挥重要作用,将会大大提高我国广大灌区灌溉水的利用率,节约水资源,促进我国农业的发展。
Water-saving technique for surge flow irrigation is used in this paper,as it has the advantage of water-saving (it can be reduced from 15% to 30% than common groove and farmland irrigation ),energy-saving and increasing production,reducing labor intensity,lower agricultural costs,irrigation uniformity and promoting faster,watering quality better and reducing deep percolation,saving the fertilizer,using muddy water and sewage for irrigation , and the irrigation technique is simple , easy to master its application,easy manageable,So it is a very suitable for Chinese conditions of irrigation methods。In order to promote the development and application of this irrigation technique,it is necessary to research on the device which is suitable for the development of Chinese national conditions for the application of water-saving irrigation methods in larges of areas。
According to the condition which China is more generally use of channels to water,and in light of current social economy,technical condition and operation of irrigation and water management conditions and other factors in existing irrigated areas,developing and researching on the simple device suited to Chinese large-scale extension channels to achieve Surge flow irrigation is very necessary。It needs a low cost,operated easy device for Surge flow irrigation,especially in the Yellow River irrigation areas,the automatic device for Surge irrigation can use muddy water which is no treatment to irrigate farmland under channel water distribution condition,this device can be recognized by the masses。
The surge irrigation device relies on irrigation water itself as a driving force to achieve the simple hydraulic control irrigation。The main topics are as follows:
1 Research on Surge irrigation technical parameters and field test data
The determining method of controllable parameters for surge flow irrigation,By analyzing surge irrigation experiment achieved more abundant test results and information。According to controllable parameters for surge irrigation which effects irrigation results,the water theory and empirical methods determines technique program design and implementation of the program for surge irrigation。
2 Research on system components and structure of automatic device for surge irrigation
System components and working principle of automatic device for surge irrigation are introduced。The device system is used siphon tube,adjustable-time siphon tube,leveraged drive and control mechanical devices to pool together to achieve the course,which intermittent flow controls intermittent time ,thus realizing the feasibility replacing intermittent valves for surge irrigation。The structure of the system is simple and there is no need outside motivation to achieve intermittent flow。The project studied the regulation of hydraulic control levers simple conversion drive mechanical equipment to achieve automatically controlling parameters for surge irrigation,and improve reliability and maintainability of device。
3 Research on the regulating and controllable system of automatic device for surge irrigation
According to the characteristics of surge irrigation , its technical parameters is fully considered in the process of the device design,through laboratory test of automatic system device for surge irrigation,system device and controllable parameters to adjust are researched,Analyzed the effect that inlet and outlet water and water height to water cycle in control pool in the process of surge flow irrigation。Demonstrated that the automatic device for surge flow irrigation on various parameters can be achieved by stepless regulation,it is strong practical and easy to operate。
With the device for surge irrigation researched successfully, surge flow irrigation technique should play an important role in the water-saving technique undertakings in China,which will greatly enhance irrigation water use efficiency in Chinese vast irrigation area and save water resources and promote the development of Chinese agriculture。
引文
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