鄱阳湖生态经济区生态屏障的构建策略研究
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摘要
确保鄱阳湖“一湖清水”战略目标的实现,不仅仅取决于鄱阳湖生态经济区本身良好生态环境,更取决于整个鄱阳湖流域的生态环境。鄱阳湖生态经济区的建设客观上需要一个鄱阳湖流域的生态屏障,这一生态屏障能否安全,直接关系到鄱阳湖生态经济区建设的成败。因此,如何在保护好鄱阳湖流域生态环境前提下,推动生态经济区在工业化、现代化、城镇化过程中保护和恢复生态功能,同时建成关系生态经济区以及长江中下游的生态屏障,已成为当前在理论上和实践中有待迫切需要解决的基础性课题。当前,中上游地区既是经济发展相对落后的区域,也是生态环境相对脆弱的地区,在经济发展过程中,这些区域片面注重资源的生产价值,而忽视其生态价值,特别是忽略了生态环境的内在自然规律,往往导致生态环境保护主体缺失,生态功能恢复缓慢,使得生态退化与环境破坏叠加凸显。因而,我们必须将经济建设与生态环境保护作为统一的相互联系、相互制约的系统,而只有通过构建一个大的策略系统,解决两个主体在生态经济区建设过程中存在的矛盾,统一规划布局,协调发展,才能保证生态经济区经济建设与环境保护的双重内在需求。因此,如何建设完善生态屏障机制成为鄱阳湖生态经济区战略目标顺利实现的关键因素。
本文在掌握国内外生态屏障建设研究现状的基础上,分析总结了生态屏障建设的成功经验和存在的问题,提出了生态屏障的概念、理论基础和原则,吸收合理的理论和方法,以作为生态屏障构建研究的理论基础。在全面分析和总结鄱阳湖流域生态问题的现状的基础上,提出了建立鄱阳湖流域地区建设生态屏障的必要性和必然性,首先对生态屏障范围进行区划,以便实施因地制宜,分区建设；然后探索生态屏障构建机制,提出生态屏障机制的构建思路,即生态屏障区中游新型工业化、上游可持续农业化、上中下游之间的协调机制和共建机制的建设。最后是结合生态屏障建设的困境和发展思路,提出了以构建生态补偿机制为主的生态屏障构建体系,以期为鄱阳湖生态经济区构建良好的生态安全保障提供有效的决策参考。
全文共分六章,主要内容如下：第一章介绍了生态屏障研究的研究背景,生态屏障的国内外研究现状；第二章主要界定了生态屏障组成特征等内涵,在此基础上提出生态屏障构建理论,主要包括湖泊-流域理论、外部性理论、可持续发展理论等方面；第三章根据生态屏障自然社会现状以及流域“五河”地势走向,划分出了生态屏障构建上、中、下游地区,并分析了生态屏障建设的基础条件；第四章分析了生态屏障构建过程中存在的各种问题,即中上游地区承受经济增长与生态环境保护的双重压力、上级政府与地方政府追求目标定位差异矛盾、流域上中下游利益分配协调机制的缺失、法律法规和区域统筹体系缺失；第五章,在分析了生态屏障构建困难的基础上提出了生态屏障区建设的具体方案：主要包括新型工业化、可持续农业、不同层级政府之间的共建协作机制、政府引导与市场运作等；第六章综合分析各种思路,提出了生态屏障构建的完善措施：一是构建生态屏障法律规划体系,将经济建设与生态保护作为整体,纳入生态屏障构建策略之中；二是构建综合管理考核体系,避免地方政府过度发展经济而忽略了生态环境保护；三是构建生态屏障区生态补偿机制,以便协调上中下游利益分配不均状况,也是生态屏障区构建的核心所在；四是控制与限制污染产业,构建延长产业链状况,减少面源与点源污染,升级发展旅游业、服务业等,带动生态屏障区社会经济的全面发展。
Ensure to achieve the strategic target of the "a clear lake" in Poyang lake, it not only depends on the sound ecological and environmental conditions of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone itself, but also depends more on the whole Poyang Lake watershed. The construction of Poyang Lake eco-economic zone requires an ecological barriers objectively, and whether the ecological barrier can be safe or not, which directly related to the success or failure of the economic construction in Poyang Lake eco-economic zone. Therefore, how to protect ecological environment of Poyang Lake watershed, and to promote the protection and recovery of ecological function in the process of the industrialization, modernization and urbanization in Poyang Lake Eco-economic zone, and also to built the ecological barrier which refers to the Eco-economic zone and Yangtze river. Currently, all these things had became a basic research subject that need to urgent address in theory and practice. At present,the upper-middle regions are relatively backward in economic development, and also relatively fragile in ecological environment. These regions simply to seek the rapid development of economic, and ignore the inner nature of the ecological environment. It sometimes lead to lacking of the ecological environment protection about the main body, slowing the speed of the ecological function recovery, and finally making the ecological degradation and appearing environmental damage at the same time. Therefore, we have to take the economic construction and ecological environment protection as unified mutual connection, inter-constraint system.And through constructing a large strategy system, so as to solve the contradiction relationship between the economic construction and ecological environment protection in the construction process of eco-economic region, then unified planning and layout, and only in these ways can we guarantee the double internal demand between eco-economic regional development and environmental protection.
In this paper, on the base of mastering the research actuality of ecological barrier at home and abroad, the author analyses and sum up the successful experiences and existent problems of the ecological barrier construction. With some reasonable theories and methods as the theory basis and studying method of this study and by analyzing and summing up the actuality and the cause of ecological barrier in the Poyang Lake watershed, the author brings forward to the necessity of constructing the ecological compensation mechanism. The first step is to divide the ecological barrier types so as to adjust measures to local conditions for the purpose of complement according to different regions. The following is to construct the ecological barrier mechanism, put foreward the new ideas to construct the ecological barrier, namely to study the new industrial type of the ecological barrier in the middle, the sustainable agriculture in upper watershed, and the coordination mechanism and collaboration among the Poyang lake watershed. Finally,it is combined with the construction of ecological barrier predicament and the development idea. And Putting forward to construct the mechanism of ecological compensation of the ecological barrier mainly building system, so as to provide effective decision-making to construct the ecological security in Poyang lake eco-economic zone.
The dissertation consists of six chapters, the primary content is as follows. Chapter 1 presents the ecological barrier research background, the research situation of ecological barrier; Chapter 2 basically define the connotation of ecological barriers composition characteristics, and based on these, put forward the theoretical basis of constructing ecological barrier, mainly included lake-watershed theory, externality theory, sustainable development theory; Chapter 3 constructing upper、middle and downstream areas, and then analysis the basic conditions of the construction according to the status quo and natural ecological barrier to the "five large river" in ecological barrier zone; Chapter 4 analysis the various existing problems in the process of building ecological barrier, which including the double pressures between economic growth and ecological environment protection in upper-middle areas, the conflict with goals positioning differences between superior government and local governments, the defects of interests distribution in the Poyang lake watershed, the shortage of planning system about laws and regulations and the regional areas. Chapter 5 constructing the ecological barrier, which including the industrialization, the sustainable areas of agriculture, the cooperation between the different levels of government, and combination between the government guidance and construct operations based on the combination with the construction of ecological economic zone; Chapter 6 put forward the strategy to ecological barrier based on the above comprehensive analyses. Firstly,constructing legal planning system, and take economic construction and ecological protection as a whole, among the strategy of constructing ecological barrier; secondly, it is that construct comprehensive management appraisal system and avoid to ignore the ecological environment protection in excessive economic development of local government; Thirdly, it is a key point to construct ecological compensation mechanism of ecological barrier areas, in order to coordinate conflict between on middle and lower reaches uneven distribution of interests; Fourth, it is will control and limit pollution industry, building extend the industrial chain status, upgrade development, and tourism, services, etc, so as to reducing area-source pollution condition. This dissertation aims to provide powerful aid to coordinate the economic construction and ecological environment protection in the process of the ecological barrier construction in the Poyang lake Eco-economic zone.
本文在掌握国内外生态屏障建设研究现状的基础上,分析总结了生态屏障建设的成功经验和存在的问题,提出了生态屏障的概念、理论基础和原则,吸收合理的理论和方法,以作为生态屏障构建研究的理论基础。在全面分析和总结鄱阳湖流域生态问题的现状的基础上,提出了建立鄱阳湖流域地区建设生态屏障的必要性和必然性,首先对生态屏障范围进行区划,以便实施因地制宜,分区建设；然后探索生态屏障构建机制,提出生态屏障机制的构建思路,即生态屏障区中游新型工业化、上游可持续农业化、上中下游之间的协调机制和共建机制的建设。最后是结合生态屏障建设的困境和发展思路,提出了以构建生态补偿机制为主的生态屏障构建体系,以期为鄱阳湖生态经济区构建良好的生态安全保障提供有效的决策参考。
全文共分六章,主要内容如下：第一章介绍了生态屏障研究的研究背景,生态屏障的国内外研究现状；第二章主要界定了生态屏障组成特征等内涵,在此基础上提出生态屏障构建理论,主要包括湖泊-流域理论、外部性理论、可持续发展理论等方面；第三章根据生态屏障自然社会现状以及流域“五河”地势走向,划分出了生态屏障构建上、中、下游地区,并分析了生态屏障建设的基础条件；第四章分析了生态屏障构建过程中存在的各种问题,即中上游地区承受经济增长与生态环境保护的双重压力、上级政府与地方政府追求目标定位差异矛盾、流域上中下游利益分配协调机制的缺失、法律法规和区域统筹体系缺失；第五章,在分析了生态屏障构建困难的基础上提出了生态屏障区建设的具体方案：主要包括新型工业化、可持续农业、不同层级政府之间的共建协作机制、政府引导与市场运作等；第六章综合分析各种思路,提出了生态屏障构建的完善措施：一是构建生态屏障法律规划体系,将经济建设与生态保护作为整体,纳入生态屏障构建策略之中；二是构建综合管理考核体系,避免地方政府过度发展经济而忽略了生态环境保护；三是构建生态屏障区生态补偿机制,以便协调上中下游利益分配不均状况,也是生态屏障区构建的核心所在；四是控制与限制污染产业,构建延长产业链状况,减少面源与点源污染,升级发展旅游业、服务业等,带动生态屏障区社会经济的全面发展。
Ensure to achieve the strategic target of the "a clear lake" in Poyang lake, it not only depends on the sound ecological and environmental conditions of Poyang Lake Eco-economic Zone itself, but also depends more on the whole Poyang Lake watershed. The construction of Poyang Lake eco-economic zone requires an ecological barriers objectively, and whether the ecological barrier can be safe or not, which directly related to the success or failure of the economic construction in Poyang Lake eco-economic zone. Therefore, how to protect ecological environment of Poyang Lake watershed, and to promote the protection and recovery of ecological function in the process of the industrialization, modernization and urbanization in Poyang Lake Eco-economic zone, and also to built the ecological barrier which refers to the Eco-economic zone and Yangtze river. Currently, all these things had became a basic research subject that need to urgent address in theory and practice. At present,the upper-middle regions are relatively backward in economic development, and also relatively fragile in ecological environment. These regions simply to seek the rapid development of economic, and ignore the inner nature of the ecological environment. It sometimes lead to lacking of the ecological environment protection about the main body, slowing the speed of the ecological function recovery, and finally making the ecological degradation and appearing environmental damage at the same time. Therefore, we have to take the economic construction and ecological environment protection as unified mutual connection, inter-constraint system.And through constructing a large strategy system, so as to solve the contradiction relationship between the economic construction and ecological environment protection in the construction process of eco-economic region, then unified planning and layout, and only in these ways can we guarantee the double internal demand between eco-economic regional development and environmental protection.
In this paper, on the base of mastering the research actuality of ecological barrier at home and abroad, the author analyses and sum up the successful experiences and existent problems of the ecological barrier construction. With some reasonable theories and methods as the theory basis and studying method of this study and by analyzing and summing up the actuality and the cause of ecological barrier in the Poyang Lake watershed, the author brings forward to the necessity of constructing the ecological compensation mechanism. The first step is to divide the ecological barrier types so as to adjust measures to local conditions for the purpose of complement according to different regions. The following is to construct the ecological barrier mechanism, put foreward the new ideas to construct the ecological barrier, namely to study the new industrial type of the ecological barrier in the middle, the sustainable agriculture in upper watershed, and the coordination mechanism and collaboration among the Poyang lake watershed. Finally,it is combined with the construction of ecological barrier predicament and the development idea. And Putting forward to construct the mechanism of ecological compensation of the ecological barrier mainly building system, so as to provide effective decision-making to construct the ecological security in Poyang lake eco-economic zone.
The dissertation consists of six chapters, the primary content is as follows. Chapter 1 presents the ecological barrier research background, the research situation of ecological barrier; Chapter 2 basically define the connotation of ecological barriers composition characteristics, and based on these, put forward the theoretical basis of constructing ecological barrier, mainly included lake-watershed theory, externality theory, sustainable development theory; Chapter 3 constructing upper、middle and downstream areas, and then analysis the basic conditions of the construction according to the status quo and natural ecological barrier to the "five large river" in ecological barrier zone; Chapter 4 analysis the various existing problems in the process of building ecological barrier, which including the double pressures between economic growth and ecological environment protection in upper-middle areas, the conflict with goals positioning differences between superior government and local governments, the defects of interests distribution in the Poyang lake watershed, the shortage of planning system about laws and regulations and the regional areas. Chapter 5 constructing the ecological barrier, which including the industrialization, the sustainable areas of agriculture, the cooperation between the different levels of government, and combination between the government guidance and construct operations based on the combination with the construction of ecological economic zone; Chapter 6 put forward the strategy to ecological barrier based on the above comprehensive analyses. Firstly,constructing legal planning system, and take economic construction and ecological protection as a whole, among the strategy of constructing ecological barrier; secondly, it is that construct comprehensive management appraisal system and avoid to ignore the ecological environment protection in excessive economic development of local government; Thirdly, it is a key point to construct ecological compensation mechanism of ecological barrier areas, in order to coordinate conflict between on middle and lower reaches uneven distribution of interests; Fourth, it is will control and limit pollution industry, building extend the industrial chain status, upgrade development, and tourism, services, etc, so as to reducing area-source pollution condition. This dissertation aims to provide powerful aid to coordinate the economic construction and ecological environment protection in the process of the ecological barrier construction in the Poyang lake Eco-economic zone.
引文
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