高大厂房分层空调技术的应用研究
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摘要
高大空间建筑应用分层空调技术具有显著节能效益和经济效益。与日俱增的高大工业厂房正在成为分层空调技术应用的一个重要场所。
本学位论文首先通过检索、查阅大量相关科技文献和工程调研分析，摸清国内外高大空间分层空调技术应用的历史、现状、发展动向与存在问题，选择具有代表性的一类高大机械厂房作为研究对象，对分层空调技术在这类厂房中的各种应用问题进行研究，这对推进分层空调技术应用是十分必要的，其研究成果也将具有重要的工程应用价值。
本论文借助国内大空间建筑分层空调研究已有的实用成果，对研究对象厂房夏季分层空调的节能效益及技术应用可行性进行理论分析，表明这类厂房中夏季分层空调技术应用可望达到38.7%的节能率。
在理论分析基础上，根据相似理论针对所选对象建立实验模型并制定实验计划。模型实验中采用阿基米德数Ar作为相似准则，按照1/3.5的几何比例尺以及其他制约条件设计并制作物理模型，同时完成测试仪器选配和测试辅助设备装置的建立。
模型实验研究分夏季、过渡季和冬季三个季节进行，主要目的在于考察所选高大厂房内气流流动特性与空间内尤其是工作区的空气分布特性，判明分层空调效果及其影响因素，寻求既满足工作区空调参数要求，又能最大限度节约空调能耗的最佳设计方案和各季节的最佳运行方案。
在夏季分层空调实验中，就分层高度、风口间距对分层空调效果和空间内气流分布特性的影响，以及其他一些因素（其中包括送风温度、送风速度、送风口直径及送风方式等）对室内空气分布特性的影响进行了测试和分析，模型实验结果及其分析研究表明，送风速度和送风口直径对工作区空气分布特性有明显的影响。夏季供冷工况，应选择6.5m/s的送风速度和19oC的送风温度，风口直径应较大。
在过渡季分层空调实验中，就不同运行条件对过渡季节室内空气参数的影响作了测试与分析，模型实验表明，可以使用未经处理的室外新风，送风速度可保持在6.5m/s或以上，风口直径可减小。
以夏季分层空调模型实验为基础，针对冬季采用横向热风幕供暖工况进行模型实验，通过对空间（尤其是工作区）空气分布特性的实验研究，对这类高大厂房冬季供暖工况下分层空调技术应用的可行性及其一般规律进行必要的探讨。结果表明，冬季采用横向热风幕可以有效地抑制热气流上浮，达到屏蔽作用，实现
分层供暖。冬季供暖工况下应选择6.5m/s的送风速度和28oC的送风温度，风口直径应减小。
在本论文的模型实验研究中，通过一元线性回归方法将实验数据整理成以各影响因素为自变量，工作区平均温度为因变量的一元线性回归函数关系式，这些关系式能够推广到一般的高大空间建筑，从而为同类工程建设提供助益。通过对模型实验结果的研究与分析，综合考虑三个季节的运行工况，应采用200mm直径的圆形喷口作为该分层空调模型的送风口，才能既满足空调效果，又达到节能的目的。
Stratified air conditioning applied to high ceiling building is a technique of significant energy efficiency and economical profits. High ceiling industrial plants are steadily on the increase, and are becoming an important place for the application of this technique.
By searching and reading a lot of correlative scientific literature, and through investigating and analyzing correlative engineering projects, a clear idea of the history, present situation, developing direction and existing issues of the application research of this technique at home and abroad has been gained; and a typical kind of high ceiling machinery plants have been chosen as the experiment object for studying various issues on the application of stratified air conditioning to this kind of plants. This is of great importance for advancing the application of this stratified air conditioning technique, and the results of this experiment are of important value for correlative engineering projects.
With the aid of internal existing practical results for high ceiling building, this master degree dissertation theoretically analyzes the energy efficiency and application feasibility of this technique in summer conditions, and the results show that the energy could be saved for 38.7%.
Based on the theoretical analyses, the experiment model has been built according to the theory of similarity, and the plan for the experiment has been worked out. In this experiment, Ar number has been adopted as the criteria of similarity, the model has been designed and made according to the geometric scale of 1/3.5, and the experiment equipments have been chosen for the model.
The model experiment study has been carried out in three different seasons: summer, transitional season and winter. Its main purpose is to study the air flow performance and air distribution performance within the space (especially in work area) in this kind of plants, to ascertain the effect of stratified air conditioning, to find out the relationships between air distribution performance and different factors, and to explore optimum set of parameters which could save energy and ensure the effect of "stratification".
In the model experiment for summer conditions, the influences of several factors (e.g. the height of outlets, the distance between two outlets, supply air velocity, supply
air temperature, diameter of supply air outlets and air supply mode) on air distribution performance within the space have been discussed. The results of model experiment have showed that supply air velocity and diameter of supply air outlets play significant roles on air distribution performance within the occupied space. For summer conditions, 6.5m/s should be chosen as the supply air velocity, 19oC should be chosen as the supply air temperature, and the size of nozzles should be slightly large.
In the model experiment for transitional seasons, the influences of different operation conditions on indoor air parameters have been measured and analyzed. And the experiment results show that unhandled outdoor air may be used as supply air, 6.5m/s or above may be kept as the supply air velocity, and the size of nozzles may be reduced.
Based on the model experiment of stratified air conditioning in summer conditions, the model experiment for winter heating conditions has been carried out in view of transversal heating air curtain, and through the experiment study on air distribution properties within the space (especially in conditioned zone), issues on application feasibility and common laws of stratified air conditioning in winter conditions in high ceiling plants are discussed. The experimental results show that the transversal heating air curtain could offer the "stratification" effect and control the buoyant heating jet, so it could realize the stratified heating. For winter heating conditions, 6.5m/s should be chosen as the supply air velocity, 28oC should be chosen as the supply air temperature, and the size of nozzles should be reduced.
In this model experiment study, through li
本学位论文首先通过检索、查阅大量相关科技文献和工程调研分析，摸清国内外高大空间分层空调技术应用的历史、现状、发展动向与存在问题，选择具有代表性的一类高大机械厂房作为研究对象，对分层空调技术在这类厂房中的各种应用问题进行研究，这对推进分层空调技术应用是十分必要的，其研究成果也将具有重要的工程应用价值。
本论文借助国内大空间建筑分层空调研究已有的实用成果，对研究对象厂房夏季分层空调的节能效益及技术应用可行性进行理论分析，表明这类厂房中夏季分层空调技术应用可望达到38.7%的节能率。
在理论分析基础上，根据相似理论针对所选对象建立实验模型并制定实验计划。模型实验中采用阿基米德数Ar作为相似准则，按照1/3.5的几何比例尺以及其他制约条件设计并制作物理模型，同时完成测试仪器选配和测试辅助设备装置的建立。
模型实验研究分夏季、过渡季和冬季三个季节进行，主要目的在于考察所选高大厂房内气流流动特性与空间内尤其是工作区的空气分布特性，判明分层空调效果及其影响因素，寻求既满足工作区空调参数要求，又能最大限度节约空调能耗的最佳设计方案和各季节的最佳运行方案。
在夏季分层空调实验中，就分层高度、风口间距对分层空调效果和空间内气流分布特性的影响，以及其他一些因素（其中包括送风温度、送风速度、送风口直径及送风方式等）对室内空气分布特性的影响进行了测试和分析，模型实验结果及其分析研究表明，送风速度和送风口直径对工作区空气分布特性有明显的影响。夏季供冷工况，应选择6.5m/s的送风速度和19oC的送风温度，风口直径应较大。
在过渡季分层空调实验中，就不同运行条件对过渡季节室内空气参数的影响作了测试与分析，模型实验表明，可以使用未经处理的室外新风，送风速度可保持在6.5m/s或以上，风口直径可减小。
以夏季分层空调模型实验为基础，针对冬季采用横向热风幕供暖工况进行模型实验，通过对空间（尤其是工作区）空气分布特性的实验研究，对这类高大厂房冬季供暖工况下分层空调技术应用的可行性及其一般规律进行必要的探讨。结果表明，冬季采用横向热风幕可以有效地抑制热气流上浮，达到屏蔽作用，实现
分层供暖。冬季供暖工况下应选择6.5m/s的送风速度和28oC的送风温度，风口直径应减小。
在本论文的模型实验研究中，通过一元线性回归方法将实验数据整理成以各影响因素为自变量，工作区平均温度为因变量的一元线性回归函数关系式，这些关系式能够推广到一般的高大空间建筑，从而为同类工程建设提供助益。通过对模型实验结果的研究与分析，综合考虑三个季节的运行工况，应采用200mm直径的圆形喷口作为该分层空调模型的送风口，才能既满足空调效果，又达到节能的目的。
Stratified air conditioning applied to high ceiling building is a technique of significant energy efficiency and economical profits. High ceiling industrial plants are steadily on the increase, and are becoming an important place for the application of this technique.
By searching and reading a lot of correlative scientific literature, and through investigating and analyzing correlative engineering projects, a clear idea of the history, present situation, developing direction and existing issues of the application research of this technique at home and abroad has been gained; and a typical kind of high ceiling machinery plants have been chosen as the experiment object for studying various issues on the application of stratified air conditioning to this kind of plants. This is of great importance for advancing the application of this stratified air conditioning technique, and the results of this experiment are of important value for correlative engineering projects.
With the aid of internal existing practical results for high ceiling building, this master degree dissertation theoretically analyzes the energy efficiency and application feasibility of this technique in summer conditions, and the results show that the energy could be saved for 38.7%.
Based on the theoretical analyses, the experiment model has been built according to the theory of similarity, and the plan for the experiment has been worked out. In this experiment, Ar number has been adopted as the criteria of similarity, the model has been designed and made according to the geometric scale of 1/3.5, and the experiment equipments have been chosen for the model.
The model experiment study has been carried out in three different seasons: summer, transitional season and winter. Its main purpose is to study the air flow performance and air distribution performance within the space (especially in work area) in this kind of plants, to ascertain the effect of stratified air conditioning, to find out the relationships between air distribution performance and different factors, and to explore optimum set of parameters which could save energy and ensure the effect of "stratification".
In the model experiment for summer conditions, the influences of several factors (e.g. the height of outlets, the distance between two outlets, supply air velocity, supply
air temperature, diameter of supply air outlets and air supply mode) on air distribution performance within the space have been discussed. The results of model experiment have showed that supply air velocity and diameter of supply air outlets play significant roles on air distribution performance within the occupied space. For summer conditions, 6.5m/s should be chosen as the supply air velocity, 19oC should be chosen as the supply air temperature, and the size of nozzles should be slightly large.
In the model experiment for transitional seasons, the influences of different operation conditions on indoor air parameters have been measured and analyzed. And the experiment results show that unhandled outdoor air may be used as supply air, 6.5m/s or above may be kept as the supply air velocity, and the size of nozzles may be reduced.
Based on the model experiment of stratified air conditioning in summer conditions, the model experiment for winter heating conditions has been carried out in view of transversal heating air curtain, and through the experiment study on air distribution properties within the space (especially in conditioned zone), issues on application feasibility and common laws of stratified air conditioning in winter conditions in high ceiling plants are discussed. The experimental results show that the transversal heating air curtain could offer the "stratification" effect and control the buoyant heating jet, so it could realize the stratified heating. For winter heating conditions, 6.5m/s should be chosen as the supply air velocity, 28oC should be chosen as the supply air temperature, and the size of nozzles should be reduced.
In this model experiment study, through li
引文
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[2] 马仁民,连之伟.置换通风几个问题的讨论.暖通空调,2000,30(4)
[3] 陈滨.日本大空间空调现状.暖通空调,1994,24(3)
[4] 范存养.国外大空间建筑的空调设计.暖通空调,1996,26(4)
[5] 何天祺等.三峡电厂发电机房夏季分层空调气流组织设计与分析.重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22(1)
[6] 马仁民.国外气流组织研究现状.暖通空调,1989,19(1)
[7] 邹月琴等.分层空调热转移负荷计算方法的研究.暖通空调,1983,13(3)
[8] 陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[9] 周谟仁主编.流体力学泵与风机.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1994
[10] 邹月琴等.分层空调气流组织方法的研究.暖通空调,1983,13(2)
[11] 冶金工业部.工业企业采暖通风和空气调节设计规范(TJ19—75). 北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1975
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