吉林省典型河流COD和TOC的相关性研究
摘要
对吉林省典型河流在不同时间采集202个水样,测其COD和TOC值。用最小二乘法对COD和TOC进行线性回归,并对回归方程做相关性检验。对COD/TOC比值的差异进行成因分析。结果表明,在时间上(枯、平、丰水期)和空间上(松花江、辽河、鸭绿江、图们江四大水系)考察,吉林省典型河流COD和TOC之间均呈现显著的线性关系,为用TOC测试取代COD测试提供了依据。不同河流、不同水期COD/TOC比值存在较大差异,说明了环境变量的复杂性。
Chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon are general indexes to scale organic pollutants in waters. COD is as a token of pollutants that can be oxidized by oxidant under given conditions and it is the summation of reductive substances that can be deoxidized easily in water. But COD can not reflect the total organic pollutantes truly. TOC shows the summation of organic carbon in water and it is not affacted by other inorganic reductive substances. So, TOC can reflect the total organic pollutantes truly. There are some abuses in conventional COD test,such as costing long time , causing secondary pollution and so on. On the contrary, TOC testing instrument has some advantages: simple flow, good repeatability, high sensitivity, no secondary pollution and so on.
If there is a significant linearity correlation between COD and TOC, COD test can be replaced by TOC test. It will take shorter time and makes higher efficiency. At present, some scholars have studied the correlations between COD and TOC of kinds of waters and they have arrived at a conclusion that there is a nicer correlation between the two indicating indexes. But, the all-around research on correlation between COD and TOC of surface water is still a vacancy.
Songhua River, Liao River, Yalu River and Tumen River are the main rivers in Jilin province, the valley area of which has covered 98.7% of the soil in Jilin province. The chief waste waters let into those rivers are living sewage and industry waste water. This paper selects the reaches of Songhua River, Liao River, Yalu River and Tumen River in Jilin province as study objects, in which 202 water samples are gathered at different periods of time in 2005 and 2006. The relation between COD and TOC has been discussed.
The COD and TOC values were measured with Dichromate method and nondispersive infrared absorption method. To establish a quantitative relationship model between COD and TOC of typical rivers in Jinlin province, linear regression of COD and TOC was made with the least square method. At the same time, the correlation test was carried out. The differences of COD/TOC ratios at different sampling time and different sampling rivers were compared and the causes were analyzed.
The experiment results indicate: In 2005 and 2006, the water quality of most of the water samples of typical rivers in Jilin province accord with the request of water area function; Exceptional sampling points fell short of the water quality control aim and overtook the standard gravely.
The COD and TOC values of typical rivers in Jilin province have a significant correlation both at different sampling periods and at different sampling rivers. Most of the regression equations can be predigested by ignoring its intercept. The significant correlation between COD and TOC offers a gist that COD test can be replaced by TOC test, which fills the technique vacancy of research field in Jilin province. At practice work, relevant quantitative relationship model between COD and TOC can be selected to forecast the organic materials indicating index in water.
There are marked differences of COD/TOC ratios between different waters and different periods. The marked differences of COD/TOC ratios show the complexity of environment variables. The change of factors, such as the flux of different waters at different time, the water temperature, the production status of industry and agriculture along rivers and so on, could affect the organic materials indicating index in water. So, it is still necessary to do further research on the token of organic pollutantes exactly and the COD/TOC ratios, internal differences of representative rivers in Jilin Province.
Chemical oxygen demand and total organic carbon are general indexes to scale organic pollutants in waters. COD is as a token of pollutants that can be oxidized by oxidant under given conditions and it is the summation of reductive substances that can be deoxidized easily in water. But COD can not reflect the total organic pollutantes truly. TOC shows the summation of organic carbon in water and it is not affacted by other inorganic reductive substances. So, TOC can reflect the total organic pollutantes truly. There are some abuses in conventional COD test,such as costing long time , causing secondary pollution and so on. On the contrary, TOC testing instrument has some advantages: simple flow, good repeatability, high sensitivity, no secondary pollution and so on.
If there is a significant linearity correlation between COD and TOC, COD test can be replaced by TOC test. It will take shorter time and makes higher efficiency. At present, some scholars have studied the correlations between COD and TOC of kinds of waters and they have arrived at a conclusion that there is a nicer correlation between the two indicating indexes. But, the all-around research on correlation between COD and TOC of surface water is still a vacancy.
Songhua River, Liao River, Yalu River and Tumen River are the main rivers in Jilin province, the valley area of which has covered 98.7% of the soil in Jilin province. The chief waste waters let into those rivers are living sewage and industry waste water. This paper selects the reaches of Songhua River, Liao River, Yalu River and Tumen River in Jilin province as study objects, in which 202 water samples are gathered at different periods of time in 2005 and 2006. The relation between COD and TOC has been discussed.
The COD and TOC values were measured with Dichromate method and nondispersive infrared absorption method. To establish a quantitative relationship model between COD and TOC of typical rivers in Jinlin province, linear regression of COD and TOC was made with the least square method. At the same time, the correlation test was carried out. The differences of COD/TOC ratios at different sampling time and different sampling rivers were compared and the causes were analyzed.
The experiment results indicate: In 2005 and 2006, the water quality of most of the water samples of typical rivers in Jilin province accord with the request of water area function; Exceptional sampling points fell short of the water quality control aim and overtook the standard gravely.
The COD and TOC values of typical rivers in Jilin province have a significant correlation both at different sampling periods and at different sampling rivers. Most of the regression equations can be predigested by ignoring its intercept. The significant correlation between COD and TOC offers a gist that COD test can be replaced by TOC test, which fills the technique vacancy of research field in Jilin province. At practice work, relevant quantitative relationship model between COD and TOC can be selected to forecast the organic materials indicating index in water.
There are marked differences of COD/TOC ratios between different waters and different periods. The marked differences of COD/TOC ratios show the complexity of environment variables. The change of factors, such as the flux of different waters at different time, the water temperature, the production status of industry and agriculture along rivers and so on, could affect the organic materials indicating index in water. So, it is still necessary to do further research on the token of organic pollutantes exactly and the COD/TOC ratios, internal differences of representative rivers in Jilin Province.
引文
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[13] 徐建忠,吕战平,史承祯等.石油化工污水 CODCr 与 TOC 相关性研究.山东环境.1998,(2):4-5
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[16] 周述琼,章骅,但德忠.水中总有机碳测定方法研究进展.四川环境.2006,25(2):111-115
[17] 袁海珠.化工污水 TOC 值与 CODCr 值的相关性.分析仪器.1995,(4):18-22
[18] 吴馥萍,廖艳.DC-85A 有机总碳测定仪测定 TOC 与 COD 相关性的探讨.广东石油化工专科学校学报.1994,6(1):35-39
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[21] 吴馥萍.炼油废水 COD 与 TOC 相关性研究.石油化工高等学校学报.1994,7(2):10-16
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[23] APHA-AWWA-WPCF. Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wasterwater.1980:489-493
[24] 饶少敏.分光光度法测定废水中的 COD.分析测试技术与仪器.2005,11(2):111-113
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