吉林省生态安全评价及指标体系研究
摘要
生态安全是指人类的生存和发展所处的环境不受或少受因生态失衡而导致的破坏或威胁,是国家安全和社会稳定的重要组成部分。我国生态环境基础比较脆弱,这将危及我们的可持续发展和社会稳定。因此,在我国开展“生态安全”研究具有重要的理论及现实意义。
本文在国内外生态安全理论研究及实践的基础上,从土地、水资源、大气资源、生物物种等几个方面介绍了吉林省的现状,并利用较为客观的P-S-R模型,建立了吉林省生态安全评价指标体系,计算了2002-2005年吉林省生态安全综合指数,并由此评价吉林省这阶段份的生态安全质量。据此结果提出改善吉林省生态安全的建议。
关于生态安全研究理论已有很多,本文的创新之处在于本人采用最新的统计数据对吉林省现阶段的生态安全进行计算,结果表明,2005年吉林省生态安全总体上处于不安全的水平,而且,吉林省经济的相对落后影响了吉林省生态安全,这就提醒我们只有大力发展经济,才能在未来实现吉林省的生态安全。
The serious problems about population, resource, environment and sustainable development have led to concern of the whole world. With the concern, the research of ecological security has begun. One of the important aspects in carrying out the scientific development view is to realize the coordination development of economy and ecological security. Ecological security, which is composed of natural entity, social entity and the building takes the person as the center. It is not only a place for the industrial layout, but also the inhabitant's life space. It is important not only because it is relate to the quality of the city's sustainable development. But the quality of the life of the residents.
According to the definition of ecological security, the different years of one region can be chosen to consult and calculate ecological security. So we can contrast to ecological security of one region in different years and obtain the index of every year of the ecological security. In addition, though calculating ecological security, we can see the changes during the years, such as whether the index has got upper or lower.
One of the important contents of a city's sustainable development is to achieve the coordinated development between economic and ecological security. Coordination of the two systems can directly affect their own development. First, ecological security is the human's living condition and the basic place for the city's economy. And also it is an important indicator of the people's material and cultural lives. In addition, economic development could serve as the prerequisite and basis for the development of ecological security. It can directly affect the city's overall economic strength to the cities, such as education, culture, science and technology, investment and transport, post and telecommunications, building roads and other infrastructure, etc. This shows that the coordinated development of both is essential
Though the research about the coordination between economy and ecological security in Jilin province,this paper finds out the flaws of ecological security in Jilin province, and puts forward resolving methods which has important sense to realizing sustainable development of Jilin province and improving the people's living level.
Nowadays, the research of ecological security concentrates on the index system only. The researches of the coordination between economy and ecological security are fewer and in Jilin province city, this kind of researches are fewest. This paper uses systematic data and carries out qualitative analysis and specific quantitative analysis to calculating results. From that analysis, the author obtains her own conclusion.
The main methods in this paper include principal component analysis and the degree of fuzzy math, which are used to calculate weights and seek the coordination degree. During the calculations of the composite index for ecological security, this paper has used the much popular method of the current academic, which is when establishing the indexes system, using various targets selected at different levels. When making quantitative calculating to the level of the two system’s coordinationg, this paper has established indicators for the economy in the same way, and used the similar method for calculating the composite index of economic system. Though the composite index comparison of the two systems, this paper has analyzed the problems that existed in Jilin province city's ecological security and then make up the corresponding countermeasures
This paper includes five parts. Part one is theory foundation of research. It defines what is ecological security, the classification of it and gives the calculation method; the second part is the quantitative calculation of the ecological security in Jilin province city. Then analyze and evaluate the results; the third part is the research of the coordination between ecological security and economy in Jilin province, which includes qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Through the coordination index, the coordination of the two systems is drawn; Part four presents the difficulties which ecological security of Jilin province are facing. Last part puts forward resolving methods.
The results show that in the period 2005 in Jilin province, ecological security target is 0.4517. belongs to unsecurical condition To respond to ecological environment is important for ecological security in Jilin province.The target of ecological environment condition is lower,so,we have to pay much attention to the development of ecological security.
本文在国内外生态安全理论研究及实践的基础上,从土地、水资源、大气资源、生物物种等几个方面介绍了吉林省的现状,并利用较为客观的P-S-R模型,建立了吉林省生态安全评价指标体系,计算了2002-2005年吉林省生态安全综合指数,并由此评价吉林省这阶段份的生态安全质量。据此结果提出改善吉林省生态安全的建议。
关于生态安全研究理论已有很多,本文的创新之处在于本人采用最新的统计数据对吉林省现阶段的生态安全进行计算,结果表明,2005年吉林省生态安全总体上处于不安全的水平,而且,吉林省经济的相对落后影响了吉林省生态安全,这就提醒我们只有大力发展经济,才能在未来实现吉林省的生态安全。
The serious problems about population, resource, environment and sustainable development have led to concern of the whole world. With the concern, the research of ecological security has begun. One of the important aspects in carrying out the scientific development view is to realize the coordination development of economy and ecological security. Ecological security, which is composed of natural entity, social entity and the building takes the person as the center. It is not only a place for the industrial layout, but also the inhabitant's life space. It is important not only because it is relate to the quality of the city's sustainable development. But the quality of the life of the residents.
According to the definition of ecological security, the different years of one region can be chosen to consult and calculate ecological security. So we can contrast to ecological security of one region in different years and obtain the index of every year of the ecological security. In addition, though calculating ecological security, we can see the changes during the years, such as whether the index has got upper or lower.
One of the important contents of a city's sustainable development is to achieve the coordinated development between economic and ecological security. Coordination of the two systems can directly affect their own development. First, ecological security is the human's living condition and the basic place for the city's economy. And also it is an important indicator of the people's material and cultural lives. In addition, economic development could serve as the prerequisite and basis for the development of ecological security. It can directly affect the city's overall economic strength to the cities, such as education, culture, science and technology, investment and transport, post and telecommunications, building roads and other infrastructure, etc. This shows that the coordinated development of both is essential
Though the research about the coordination between economy and ecological security in Jilin province,this paper finds out the flaws of ecological security in Jilin province, and puts forward resolving methods which has important sense to realizing sustainable development of Jilin province and improving the people's living level.
Nowadays, the research of ecological security concentrates on the index system only. The researches of the coordination between economy and ecological security are fewer and in Jilin province city, this kind of researches are fewest. This paper uses systematic data and carries out qualitative analysis and specific quantitative analysis to calculating results. From that analysis, the author obtains her own conclusion.
The main methods in this paper include principal component analysis and the degree of fuzzy math, which are used to calculate weights and seek the coordination degree. During the calculations of the composite index for ecological security, this paper has used the much popular method of the current academic, which is when establishing the indexes system, using various targets selected at different levels. When making quantitative calculating to the level of the two system’s coordinationg, this paper has established indicators for the economy in the same way, and used the similar method for calculating the composite index of economic system. Though the composite index comparison of the two systems, this paper has analyzed the problems that existed in Jilin province city's ecological security and then make up the corresponding countermeasures
This paper includes five parts. Part one is theory foundation of research. It defines what is ecological security, the classification of it and gives the calculation method; the second part is the quantitative calculation of the ecological security in Jilin province city. Then analyze and evaluate the results; the third part is the research of the coordination between ecological security and economy in Jilin province, which includes qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Through the coordination index, the coordination of the two systems is drawn; Part four presents the difficulties which ecological security of Jilin province are facing. Last part puts forward resolving methods.
The results show that in the period 2005 in Jilin province, ecological security target is 0.4517. belongs to unsecurical condition To respond to ecological environment is important for ecological security in Jilin province.The target of ecological environment condition is lower,so,we have to pay much attention to the development of ecological security.
引文
[1] 周学红. P_S_R 指标体系模型在武夷山风景区生态安全评价中的应用[M].北京:高等教育出社,2003,62-68.
[2] 范祥清等. 城市生态安全评价及部分城市生态安全态势比较[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2003,45-50.
[3] 李雪铭. 城市生态安全评价与预测模型研究[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2001,365-399.
[4] 李树林. 城市生态安全评价指标体系与评价方法研究[M].西南科技大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(3):67-72.
[5] 李王鸣,叶信岳,祁巍锋. 城市生态安全问题初探[M].杭州:浙江大学学报, 2000, 27(2),205-211.
[6] 杨士弘,廖重斌. 吉林省水资源开发节约战略决策研究[M].吉林环境监测,1992,(4):2-6.
[7] 金长泽. 防治外来入侵物种 维护我国生态安全[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,1991,66-81.
[8] 李丽萍. 关于构建河北省生态安全预警系统的思考[J].城市研究,2002,(2):42-46.
[9] 刘刚,郑长宇. 广东省生态安全状态及趋势定量评价[J]. 广东师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005,21(1):49
[10] 李琦. 国家生态安全评价指标体系研究[M].规划师,2003,6(17):6
[11] 于光远.力求实现协调发展[A].见:《经济发展与环境》编委会.经济发展与环境[C].北京:中国环境出版社,1988.92-93
[12] 刘颂,刘滨谊. 和谐社会稳定的环境基础[J].城市规划汇刊,1999(5): 35-37
[13] 廖重斌.基于生态安全与可持续发展战略的循环经济研究[M].经济师.1999,16(2):171-177.
[14] 吴林娣,方国伟.吉林省建设生态省必须保护好土地资源[J].上海环境科学,1995,14(7):2-5.
[15] 可持续发展指标体系课题组.中国区域环境可持续发展指标体系研究手册[R].北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1999.
[16] 吕淑萍. 吉林省各级沙化土地资源的分布状况[J].上海环境科学,1995,14(1):1-4.
[17] 郭镭,等. 区域生态安全研究的科学基础与初步框架[J].四川环境,2003,22(5):67-72.
[18] 赵娜,宋小鹏,赵文吉. 生态安全评价的方法论[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,12(4):101-105.
[19] 李文斐,马玉芹. 生态安全理论形成的背景探析[J].农业与技术,2003,23(6):48-52.
[20] 安静,姜建祥,曹勇宏. 生态安全研究评述[J].水资源保护,2004,(3):51-54.
[1] 张敦富.区域经济学原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[2] 杨魁孚、田雪原.人口、资源、环境可持续发展[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,2001.
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[6] 吴国庆.区域农业可持续发展的生态安全及其评价探析[J].生态经济,2001(8):22.
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[8] 徐小帖.关注生物环境安全[J].中国环境报.2001,5,25.
[9] 王根绪,程国栋,钱鞠. 生态安全评价研究中的若干问题研究[J]. 应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1551.
[10] 尹小波.我国生态安全问题初探[J].经济问题探索.2003(3):51.
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[12] 黄志明,高伟生.我国生态安全的环境问题及其对策探讨[J].城市问题,1998,(06).
[13]李辉.系统的分析统筹的战略—生态科学与新发展观[J]城市规划,2005,(02).
[14] 李雪铭,姜斌,杨波. 加强生态保护 维护国家生态安全[J].地理学与国土研究,2000,(02).
[15] 谢花林,刘黎明.北京生态安全可持续发展研究[J].规划师,2004,(03).
[16] 王继增,吴志峰.区域可持续发展空间差异的定量研究—主成分分析[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2002,(01).
[17] 叶长盛,董玉祥. 四川省生态安全存在的问题及对策[J]. 规划师,2003,(01).
[18] 王根绪,程国栋,钱鞠. 生态安全评价研究中的若干问题研究[J]. 应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1551.
[19] 王桥,左伟,王文杰等. 区域生态安全评价指标与标准研究[J].地理学与国土研究,2002,18(1):67.
[20] 李丽萍. 黑龙江省城市生态系统的生态安全研究[J].城市研究,2001,(2).
[21]赵娜,宋小鹏,赵文吉. 国家生态安全评价指标体系研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,12.
[22] 李文斐,马玉芹. 吉林省西部土地“三化”的现状及治理措施[J].农业与技术,2003,23.
[23] 安静,姜建祥,曹勇宏.长春市水系保护与治理对策研究[J].水资源保护,2004,(3).
[24] 吴良镛. 吉林省水资源开发节约战略决策研究[J].小城镇建设,2004,(09).
[25] 胡斌. 广东省生态安全状态及趋势定量评价[J].国外科技,2004,(03).
[26] 李斌.兰州城市生态安全质量评价研究[J].生态经济, 2005,(05).
[27] 张燕文. 湖南省农业可持续发展的生态安全评价[J].统计与决策,2006,(18).
[28] 李雪铭,刘敬华.城市绿地环境经济效应的数量分析[J].经济地理,2003,(5).
[29] 中国统计官方网站http://www.stats.gov.cn.
[2] 范祥清等. 城市生态安全评价及部分城市生态安全态势比较[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2003,45-50.
[3] 李雪铭. 城市生态安全评价与预测模型研究[M].长春:吉林人民出版社,2001,365-399.
[4] 李树林. 城市生态安全评价指标体系与评价方法研究[M].西南科技大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(3):67-72.
[5] 李王鸣,叶信岳,祁巍锋. 城市生态安全问题初探[M].杭州:浙江大学学报, 2000, 27(2),205-211.
[6] 杨士弘,廖重斌. 吉林省水资源开发节约战略决策研究[M].吉林环境监测,1992,(4):2-6.
[7] 金长泽. 防治外来入侵物种 维护我国生态安全[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,1991,66-81.
[8] 李丽萍. 关于构建河北省生态安全预警系统的思考[J].城市研究,2002,(2):42-46.
[9] 刘刚,郑长宇. 广东省生态安全状态及趋势定量评价[J]. 广东师范学院学报(自然科学版),2005,21(1):49
[10] 李琦. 国家生态安全评价指标体系研究[M].规划师,2003,6(17):6
[11] 于光远.力求实现协调发展[A].见:《经济发展与环境》编委会.经济发展与环境[C].北京:中国环境出版社,1988.92-93
[12] 刘颂,刘滨谊. 和谐社会稳定的环境基础[J].城市规划汇刊,1999(5): 35-37
[13] 廖重斌.基于生态安全与可持续发展战略的循环经济研究[M].经济师.1999,16(2):171-177.
[14] 吴林娣,方国伟.吉林省建设生态省必须保护好土地资源[J].上海环境科学,1995,14(7):2-5.
[15] 可持续发展指标体系课题组.中国区域环境可持续发展指标体系研究手册[R].北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1999.
[16] 吕淑萍. 吉林省各级沙化土地资源的分布状况[J].上海环境科学,1995,14(1):1-4.
[17] 郭镭,等. 区域生态安全研究的科学基础与初步框架[J].四川环境,2003,22(5):67-72.
[18] 赵娜,宋小鹏,赵文吉. 生态安全评价的方法论[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,12(4):101-105.
[19] 李文斐,马玉芹. 生态安全理论形成的背景探析[J].农业与技术,2003,23(6):48-52.
[20] 安静,姜建祥,曹勇宏. 生态安全研究评述[J].水资源保护,2004,(3):51-54.
[1] 张敦富.区域经济学原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[2] 杨魁孚、田雪原.人口、资源、环境可持续发展[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社,2001.
[3] 吉林统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社2005.
[4] 杨京平.生态安全的系统分析[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2002张敦富.区域经济学原理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[5] 金长泽.模糊数学及其应用[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,1991.
[6] 吴国庆.区域农业可持续发展的生态安全及其评价探析[J].生态经济,2001(8):22.
[7] 杨朝飞.中国生态危机的挑战与思考[J].中国环境管理.1998,1.
[8] 徐小帖.关注生物环境安全[J].中国环境报.2001,5,25.
[9] 王根绪,程国栋,钱鞠. 生态安全评价研究中的若干问题研究[J]. 应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1551.
[10] 尹小波.我国生态安全问题初探[J].经济问题探索.2003(3):51.
[11] 曲格平.关注生态安全之一:生态环境问题已经成为国家安全的热门话题[J] 环境保护2002(5):3-5.
[12] 黄志明,高伟生.我国生态安全的环境问题及其对策探讨[J].城市问题,1998,(06).
[13]李辉.系统的分析统筹的战略—生态科学与新发展观[J]城市规划,2005,(02).
[14] 李雪铭,姜斌,杨波. 加强生态保护 维护国家生态安全[J].地理学与国土研究,2000,(02).
[15] 谢花林,刘黎明.北京生态安全可持续发展研究[J].规划师,2004,(03).
[16] 王继增,吴志峰.区域可持续发展空间差异的定量研究—主成分分析[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2002,(01).
[17] 叶长盛,董玉祥. 四川省生态安全存在的问题及对策[J]. 规划师,2003,(01).
[18] 王根绪,程国栋,钱鞠. 生态安全评价研究中的若干问题研究[J]. 应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1551.
[19] 王桥,左伟,王文杰等. 区域生态安全评价指标与标准研究[J].地理学与国土研究,2002,18(1):67.
[20] 李丽萍. 黑龙江省城市生态系统的生态安全研究[J].城市研究,2001,(2).
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