基于动态目标值的水质自动监控系统的设计与实现
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摘要
近年来,随着经济社会的快速发展,河流水质污染状况日益严重,而我们的环境监控能力建设相对滞后、水平较低,已不能适应当前环境保护工作新形势和新任务的要求。因此需要建立一套功能更完备、设计更科学的水质自动监控系统。
系统采用C/S和B/S相结合的模式,系统访问部分采用B/S模式,系统的开发和实现基于微软Net Framework平台,依靠Visual Studio.Net开发工具,采用C#编程语言实现。新的水质自动监控系统与以往类似的软件相比做出了以下改进：一是根据原始监测数据对水质分类,对监测结果进行定性分析,使监测结果通俗易懂,便于领导和非专业人员查看。二是设定动态目标值,通过污染扩散模型计算动态目标值,消除上游断面污染超标对下游断面产生的影响,对断面是否达标给出更科学的判断。
本文主要做了以下几方面的工作：
首先,是对地表水水质监测因子的选择以及对监测因子评价方法的选定。
其次,根据业务需求分析,绘制业务流程,对系统整体功能和数据库的整体结构进行了设计。
再次,对地表水环境质量评价方法进行了分析,根据污染指数计算方法和评价标准,设计公式和数据库并实现。
最后,建立污染物衰减模型,分析衰减系数的计算方法,在此基础上设计动态目标值计算模型和数据库并实现。
该系统的建成与应用将实现对全省河流水环境质量的有效监控,为全省建立上下游生态补偿机制、环保责任目标考核、总量减排提供技术支持。
In recent years,with the rapid development of ecnomic society, River water contamination situation is gradually grave, but our environment is monitor relative ability construction lagging, horizontal lower, already can not adapt to new circumstances of current environmental protection work and new mission call for. Need to build a set of function more completely therefore, design that the science water quality monitors system more voluntarily.
System adopt pattern of integration of C/S with B/S, system visits a part adopt the B/S pattern, and systematic exploitation coming true owing to Microsoft. Net Framework platform, depends on Visual Studio. Net develops an implement, adopt the C# programming language to come true. New water quality automatic monitoring system has made the following improvement out compared with in the past similar software:One is in the light of primitive monitor a data classifying to water quality, carry out qualitative analysis on to monitoring result, the messenger is monitored result is popular and easy to understand, professional staff checks the leader and mistake easy to. Two is to set up the development target value, target value calculating development by contaminating the model diffusing, eliminate section contaminates the effect going beyond standard coming into being to lower reaches section upstream, is given to out to if section reach the standard more the science judgement.
The main body of a book have done the following job in several aspects mainly:
First, be the choice to the earth's surface water water quality monitoring factor and selected appraising method's to monitoring a factor.
Secondly, draw business technological process according to business need analysis,the overall function and data base entirety structure have carried out design on system.
Next, method has carried out analysis on the earth's surface water environment quality evaluation, reckoning has composed in reply with valuation standard, design formula a data base and realization according to pollution index.
Finally, Build the pollution attenuation model, Analyse the attenuation coefficient reckoning, here, design that the development target value calculates the model and the data base and come true on the basis.
The establishment and realization of this system will provide technical support in order that the water environmental quality supervisory control can be applied on the whole province river,the Ecological Compensation Mechanism of the up and lower reaches on the whole province river can be built up.Meanwhile it will impact on the environmental protection responsibility target check and the total emission of main contaminants reduction.
系统采用C/S和B/S相结合的模式,系统访问部分采用B/S模式,系统的开发和实现基于微软Net Framework平台,依靠Visual Studio.Net开发工具,采用C#编程语言实现。新的水质自动监控系统与以往类似的软件相比做出了以下改进：一是根据原始监测数据对水质分类,对监测结果进行定性分析,使监测结果通俗易懂,便于领导和非专业人员查看。二是设定动态目标值,通过污染扩散模型计算动态目标值,消除上游断面污染超标对下游断面产生的影响,对断面是否达标给出更科学的判断。
本文主要做了以下几方面的工作：
首先,是对地表水水质监测因子的选择以及对监测因子评价方法的选定。
其次,根据业务需求分析,绘制业务流程,对系统整体功能和数据库的整体结构进行了设计。
再次,对地表水环境质量评价方法进行了分析,根据污染指数计算方法和评价标准,设计公式和数据库并实现。
最后,建立污染物衰减模型,分析衰减系数的计算方法,在此基础上设计动态目标值计算模型和数据库并实现。
该系统的建成与应用将实现对全省河流水环境质量的有效监控,为全省建立上下游生态补偿机制、环保责任目标考核、总量减排提供技术支持。
In recent years,with the rapid development of ecnomic society, River water contamination situation is gradually grave, but our environment is monitor relative ability construction lagging, horizontal lower, already can not adapt to new circumstances of current environmental protection work and new mission call for. Need to build a set of function more completely therefore, design that the science water quality monitors system more voluntarily.
System adopt pattern of integration of C/S with B/S, system visits a part adopt the B/S pattern, and systematic exploitation coming true owing to Microsoft. Net Framework platform, depends on Visual Studio. Net develops an implement, adopt the C# programming language to come true. New water quality automatic monitoring system has made the following improvement out compared with in the past similar software:One is in the light of primitive monitor a data classifying to water quality, carry out qualitative analysis on to monitoring result, the messenger is monitored result is popular and easy to understand, professional staff checks the leader and mistake easy to. Two is to set up the development target value, target value calculating development by contaminating the model diffusing, eliminate section contaminates the effect going beyond standard coming into being to lower reaches section upstream, is given to out to if section reach the standard more the science judgement.
The main body of a book have done the following job in several aspects mainly:
First, be the choice to the earth's surface water water quality monitoring factor and selected appraising method's to monitoring a factor.
Secondly, draw business technological process according to business need analysis,the overall function and data base entirety structure have carried out design on system.
Next, method has carried out analysis on the earth's surface water environment quality evaluation, reckoning has composed in reply with valuation standard, design formula a data base and realization according to pollution index.
Finally, Build the pollution attenuation model, Analyse the attenuation coefficient reckoning, here, design that the development target value calculates the model and the data base and come true on the basis.
The establishment and realization of this system will provide technical support in order that the water environmental quality supervisory control can be applied on the whole province river,the Ecological Compensation Mechanism of the up and lower reaches on the whole province river can be built up.Meanwhile it will impact on the environmental protection responsibility target check and the total emission of main contaminants reduction.
引文
[1]朱琦,徐富春,尚屹.中国环境信息系统的现状和展望[D].环境保护.2006,12(3)：47～50
[2]崔侠,孙群.国外环境信息系统研究进展.[D].环境科学与技术,2003,(S1)：47～48
[3]刘晓茹等,水环境质量自动监测技术的发展[D].中国水利水电科学研究院水环境所北京：水信息网2007
[4]高伟,基于SOA的水利枢纽信息集成系统研究[硕士学位论文].河海大学,2008
[5]中国环境监测总站编.中国环境监测技术路线.长沙：湖南科技出版社,2007
[6]国家环保总局国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB3838-2002.地表水环境质量标准[S]：北京.中国标准出版社,2004
[7]陆卫军,张涛,几种河流水质评价方法的比较分析[D]环境科学与管理2009年6月,174-176
[8]河南省环境保护局.2001-2005年河南省环境质量报告书.河南,2006
[9]邵佩英.数据库安全应用服务器的研究与实现.软件学报,2001,12(1)：154-157
[10]赵军.数据库系统的安全问题.重庆邮电学院学报,2002,14(2)：75-83
[11]Simon Wiseman. Database Security:Retrospective and Way forward. Information Security Technical Report,2001,6(2):30-43
[12]郭劲松,龙腾锐.水质模型及其应用研究进展：[D].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,40(02)：25-28
[13]赵乾杰,河南省环境信息系统研发及安全技术实施[D].[硕士论文]武汉：华中科技大学,2007：29～31
[14]寇晓梅.汉江上游有机污染物COD_(Cr)综合衰减系数的试验确定.[J]水资源保护,2005,35(05)：20～22
[15]郭儒,李宇斌,富国.河流中污染物衰减系数影响因素分析：[D].气象与环境学报,2008年01期
[16]北大青鸟.B/S结构与C/S结构的优缺点[EB].2010. http://www.sz-accp.com.cn/xxyd/ ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=778
[17]蒋元星.基于.NET框架的企业应用集成研究和实现：[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学图书馆,2001.
[18]National Computer Security Center. Final Evaluation Report:Oracle, Corporation, Oracle and Trusted Oracle9. CSC-EPL-94/004,2008.126-158
[19]杨宁,李广辉Oracle 9i Data Guard技术在水调自动化系统中的应用与实施.水电自动化与大坝监测,2007,35(02)：40-41
[20]夏慧,存储过程在复杂的数据统计查询中的应用[D].医学信息,2009年8月第22卷
[21]郑人杰,殷人昆,陶永雷.实用软件工程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[22]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000
[23]文振焜,张小健,林佳利等.Web数据库系统开发教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007
[2]崔侠,孙群.国外环境信息系统研究进展.[D].环境科学与技术,2003,(S1)：47～48
[3]刘晓茹等,水环境质量自动监测技术的发展[D].中国水利水电科学研究院水环境所北京：水信息网2007
[4]高伟,基于SOA的水利枢纽信息集成系统研究[硕士学位论文].河海大学,2008
[5]中国环境监测总站编.中国环境监测技术路线.长沙：湖南科技出版社,2007
[6]国家环保总局国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB3838-2002.地表水环境质量标准[S]：北京.中国标准出版社,2004
[7]陆卫军,张涛,几种河流水质评价方法的比较分析[D]环境科学与管理2009年6月,174-176
[8]河南省环境保护局.2001-2005年河南省环境质量报告书.河南,2006
[9]邵佩英.数据库安全应用服务器的研究与实现.软件学报,2001,12(1)：154-157
[10]赵军.数据库系统的安全问题.重庆邮电学院学报,2002,14(2)：75-83
[11]Simon Wiseman. Database Security:Retrospective and Way forward. Information Security Technical Report,2001,6(2):30-43
[12]郭劲松,龙腾锐.水质模型及其应用研究进展：[D].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,40(02)：25-28
[13]赵乾杰,河南省环境信息系统研发及安全技术实施[D].[硕士论文]武汉：华中科技大学,2007：29～31
[14]寇晓梅.汉江上游有机污染物COD_(Cr)综合衰减系数的试验确定.[J]水资源保护,2005,35(05)：20～22
[15]郭儒,李宇斌,富国.河流中污染物衰减系数影响因素分析：[D].气象与环境学报,2008年01期
[16]北大青鸟.B/S结构与C/S结构的优缺点[EB].2010. http://www.sz-accp.com.cn/xxyd/ ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=778
[17]蒋元星.基于.NET框架的企业应用集成研究和实现：[D].[硕士学位论文].杭州：浙江大学图书馆,2001.
[18]National Computer Security Center. Final Evaluation Report:Oracle, Corporation, Oracle and Trusted Oracle9. CSC-EPL-94/004,2008.126-158
[19]杨宁,李广辉Oracle 9i Data Guard技术在水调自动化系统中的应用与实施.水电自动化与大坝监测,2007,35(02)：40-41
[20]夏慧,存储过程在复杂的数据统计查询中的应用[D].医学信息,2009年8月第22卷
[21]郑人杰,殷人昆,陶永雷.实用软件工程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1997
[22]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000
[23]文振焜,张小健,林佳利等.Web数据库系统开发教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007